Deck 16: The Resurgence of the Christian West, 1050-1530

Question 1

Saladin did all of the following EXCEPT

A) establish a new dynasty in Egypt.
B) take Jerusalem.
C) conquer Syria and Arabia.
D) expel the crusaders from the Holy Land.

Answer 1

expel the crusaders from the Holy Land.

Question 2

Which of these gained most from the Crusades?

A) the papacy
B) Italian merchants
C) Byzantine emperors
D) German kings

Answer 2

Italian merchants

Question 3

What precipitated the call for a Second Crusade?

A) Muslims conquered Jerusalem.
B) The pope was kidnapped by Muslims.
C) Muslims reconquered one of the crusader states.
D) the Byzantine emperor asked for Western help.

Answer 3

Muslims reconquered one of the crusader states.

Question 4

Which of these is True about the impact of the Crusades?

A) Commerce in the Mediterranean was disrupted for centuries.
B) New connections were established between Europe and Asia.
C) European powers gained new territory.
D) Europe retreated into isolation after brief contact with Muslims.

Question 5

Which of these best describes the First Crusade?

A) a partial success
B) a failure
C) a complete success
D) a disaster

Question 6

Which of the following people was NOT a leader in the Third Crusade?

A) Emperor Frederick Barbarossa
B) King Richard I the Lionheart
C) Philip II Augustus
D) Urban II

Question 7

The Reconquista and the Crusades had which of these in common?

A) being fought in West Asia
B) being fought against Muslims
C) being successful wars
D) being led by the king of Aragon

Question 8

The First Crusade was initiated by

A) Boniface IV.
B) Urban II.
C) Innocent IV.
D) Eugenius III.

Question 9

The First Crusade established which of these?

A) a state stretching from Anatolia to Arabia
B) an enduring Christian presence in the Christian Holy Lands
C) small states in the Christian Holy Lands
D) long-lasting papal authority in Palestine

Question 10

What factor best accounts for the Christian victory in the First Crusade?

A) the assistance of the Jews
B) the divisions among the Muslims
C) the use of new weaponry
D) a revival of Byzantine power

Question 11

What distinguished the Fourth Crusade from the earlier crusades?

A) It was unsuccessful.
B) Those participating attacked Constantinople, not Jerusalem.
C) It was called by the pope.
D) It was led by kings rather than knights.

Question 12

Which of the following accurately portrays the problems of the Third Crusade?

A) The Church did not have enough money to provide adequate weaponry.
B) The Jews withdrew their support from the Crusaders due to persecution by many Christians.
C) The Crusader kings were constantly in conflict with each other.
D) The Muslims had help from the Mongols.

Question 13

Why did the North Africans intervene in the Reconquista?

A) They were Christian converts who wanted to fight the Turks.
B) Part of North Africa had ties to England and they wanted to help defeat the French.
C) They were afraid that Muslims would be expelled from Iberia.
D) They had been conquered by the Seljuk Turks and they were forced to help fight.

Question 14

The Second Crusade was authorized by Pope

A) Boniface IV.
B) Urban II.
C) Innocent IV.
D) Eugenius III.

Question 15

The period of the Crusades roughly coincides with what period of European history?

A) Renaissance
B) Early Middle Ages
C) High Middle Ages
D) Late Middle Ages

Question 16

The calling of the first crusade by the pope - and the massive response to the call - indicated which of these?

A) the power of the papacy
B) the divisions within Christianity
C) the weakness of Islam
D) the end of the Middle Ages

Question 17

What was the Reconquista?

A) the Christian reconquest of Iberia
B) the Muslim reconquest of the Holy Land
C) the Turkish reconquest of Anatolia
D) the Christian reconquest of the Holy Lands

Question 18

The pope condemned the crusaders in the Fourth Crusade because

A) the crusaders fought and plundered Christians.
B) he was afraid that the Holy Land would be lost forever.
C) the Islamic army easily defeated the crusaders.
D) the Church was officially in debt.

Question 19

The last Muslim territory in Iberia was

A) Córdoba.
B) Andalusia.
C) Grenada.
D) Toledo.

Question 20

Which people conquered the eastern half of the Byzantine Empire in the eleventh century?

A) Catholics
B) Turks
C) Persians
D) Germans

Question 21

From era from 1050 to 1300 C.E. could best be described as a period during which

A) the West experienced a major decline as Islamic expansion increased.
B) Europe experienced a peak in both economic and cultural terms.
C) the Catholic Church defeated the Muslims for control of the Holy Land.
D) the influence of the popes reached its lowest point.

Question 22

Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV (the Fair) engaged in a bitter conflict of the issue of

A) whether priests could marry.
B) leadership of the Crusades.
C) the pope's right to choose French kings.
D) royal taxes on the Church.

Question 23

Which of the following factors led to the Great Western Schism?

A) The pope refused to accept the authority of the king.
B) Disputed papal elections.
C) The king had the pope kidnapped.
D) The loss of the Holy Land.

Question 24

All of the following developments contributed to the improvement of agriculture during the high Middle Ages EXCEPT

A) the use of water mills.
B) a period of cooling climate.
C) the introduction of heavy plows.
D) the introduction of the horse collar.

Question 25

Medieval guilds were primarily intended to protect the interests of

A) local nobles.
B) their customers.
C) their own members.
D) apprentices.

Question 26

Which of these preceded and worsened the effects of the plague?

A) the closing of the Mediterranean to European trade
B) crop failures and famine
C) Europe-wide warfare
D) Viking invasions

Question 27

Which of these modern groups most resemble medieval guilds?

A) professional associations
B) labor unions
C) charities
D) farming cooperatives

Question 28

During the Church's Babylonian Captivity, eight popes lived in the city of

A) Babylon.
B) Jerusalem.
C) Paris.
D) Avignon.

Question 29

During the Jacquerie, "Jacques" referred to French

A) peasants
B) lords
C) merchants
D) priests

Question 30

Many Christians persecuted the Jews because they believed False rumors regarding

A) the betrayal of the Christians by the Jews during the Crusades.
B) the use of young Christians' blood in Jewish rituals.
C) the kidnapping and murder of the pope.
D) the practice of witchcraft among Jewish women.

Question 31

Gothic architecture differed from earlier styles in being

A) monumental.
B) filled with light.
C) more solid and earthly.
D) more like Roman architecture.

Question 32

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the time period known as the High Middle Ages?

A) This was a time period in which the Catholic Church monopolized political power.
B) This was a time period in which strong European monarchies began to emerge.
C) This was a time period in which Islamic expansion threatened the very existence of the West.
D) This was a time period in which Protestants and Catholics engaged in a bitter conflict.

Question 33

Melisende of Jerusalem and Eleanor of Aquitaine could both be considered

A) typical medieval women.
B) exceptions to the usual roles of medieval women.
C) legitimate rulers in their own right.
D) examples of medieval female piety.

Question 34

Which of the following was NOT a European response to the Black Death?

A) witchcraft
B) indulgence in licentious pleasures
C) physical self-punishment
D) improved medical treatment

Question 35

Which of these was achieved by the Magna Carta?

A) civil liberties for all
B) limits on royal power
C) basic human rights
D) democracy

Question 36

What was the ultimate goal of Wat Tyler?

A) force peasants to return to their manors
B) restoring spiritual purity
C) equality for all
D) the dominance of the Church

Question 37

Who forced King John to accept the Magna Carta?

A) London merchants
B) the pope
C) the English nobles
D) the French and German kings

Question 38

Maimonides and Ibn Rushd paved the way for Thomas Aquinas by

A) discovering applications for algebra.
B) trying to reconcile monotheism and classical philosophy.
C) rejecting reason and relying on divine inspiration.
D) showing that Aristotle was useless for Christian theology.

Question 39

Which king focused on creating a strong centralized judicial system?

A) Philip II Augustus
B) Philip IV (the Fair)
C) King John
D) Henry II

Question 40

What institution's status was greatly damaged by the Great Schism?

A) the French monarchy
B) Benedictine monasticism
C) the papacy
D) the guild system

Question 41

Which family dominated 15th century Florence?

A) the Medici
B) the Ghiberti
C) the Sforza
D) the Pazzi

Question 42

Pope Urban II supported the Crusades for mainly political reasons.

Question 43

The Holy Roman Empire was home to a collection of semi-autonomous states in present-day

A) Scotland and England.
B) France and Spain.
C) Castile and Aragon.
D) Germany and Italy.

Question 44

In what ways was Dante's Divine Comedy an example of vernacular literature?

A) It was rhymed verse.
B) Its Latin was medieval, not classical.
C) It was written in Italian.
D) It used classical verse forms.

Question 45

Dante wrote in Italian, one of the vernacular languages.

Question 46

Michelangelo's David was created to symbolize

A) the beauty of the male physique.
B) God's creation of man.
C) Florence's resistance to tyranny.
D) Christendom's victory over the Muslims.

Question 47

In the long run, the Crusades were successful in reaching their goals.

Question 48

The Habsburg dynasty ruled the Holy Roman Empire for centuries.

Question 49

King Philip the Fair sent agents to kidnap Pope Boniface.

Question 50

Which early Renaissance scholar wrote Italian sonnets to a woman named Laura?

A) Machiavelli
B) Thomas More
C) Petrarch
D) Thomas Aquinas

Question 51

Who wrote of an imaginary island - Utopia - in which citizens held property in common?

A) Machiavelli
B) More
C) Castiglione
D) Erasmus

Question 52

Who pioneered artistic realism, using depth and perspective in his paintings?

A) Leonardo da Vinci
B) Michelangelo
C) Giotto
D) Raphael

Question 53

What was the main inspiration for the Renaissance?

A) the achievements of the classical age
B) the Crusades
C) commercial revival
D) the Great Western Schism

Question 54

While the Renaissance revived classical culture, what legacy of the classical age was largely abandoned?

A) Christianity
B) monumental architecture
C) Latin
D) formal education

Question 55

Raphael, Leonardo, and Michelangelo were major Renaissance artists.

Question 56

What new military technology revolutionized European warfare during the Hundred Years' War?

A) the crossbow.
B) siege catapults.
C) gunpowder.
D) steel swords.

Question 57

Which man believed that Catholicism had become too ritualistic, and favored a return to a simple piety?

A) Machiavelli
B) Petrarch
C) Castiglione
D) Erasmus

Question 58

Which of the following best depicts the ideology espoused by Machiavelli in The Prince?

A) A ruler should be honest, fair, and just.
B) A ruler should rule for the benefit of all members of society, not just the rich.
C) A ruler should do what works to achieve their goals.
D) A ruler should be careful to avoid entangling alliances.

Question 59

Which of these emerged from the Reconquista as a unified state?

A) Italy
B) Spain
C) France
D) Germany

Question 60

Which of the following best describes Renaissance Italy?

A) It was politically divided and dominated by wealthy families.
B) The pope only exercised spiritual authority.
C) It was the poorest European area.
D) It was the last area to embrace the rebirth of learning.

Question 61

Who painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper?

Question 62

Evaluate the unforeseen consequences of the Crusades for the Christian West.

Question 63

What term describes the Renaissance focus on classicism, secularism and individualism?

Question 64

Thomas Aquinas was a leading scholastic theologian of the High Middle Ages.

Question 65

Joan of Arc's inspired England to victory in the Hundred Years War.

Question 66

Who introduced a moveable type printing press?

Question 67

What were the members of the Dominican and Franciscan orders called?

Question 68

When was the last Muslim territory in Iberia taken by Spain?

Question 69

Discuss the changes in art during the Renaissance.

Question 70

What medieval university became the center of scholasticism?

Question 71

Discuss the philosophy of humanism.

Question 72

Evaluate the reasons for the resurgence of the West.

Question 73

Gothic architecture was primarily secular.

Question 74

Discuss the effects of the Christian victory in the Reconquista.

Question 75

Who wrote the Canterbury Tales?

Question 76

What innovative Northern Renaissance artist is best known for his woodcuts and engravings?

Question 77

The Black Death killed 75 percent of Europeans in the Middle Ages.

Question 78

Who created the breathtaking Pieta?

Question 79

Who wrote Utopia?

Question 80

Evaluate the mistakes made by the Christians in the Crusades.