Deck 19: Global Exploration and Global Empires, 1400-1700

Question 1

How did Días' voyage around the tip of Africa affect Columbus' plans to sail west?

A) Columbus temporarily abandoned his plans.
B) Columbus revised his plans.
C) Columbus was more determined to sail west than before.
D) Columbus knew he had to complete his journey quickly.

Answer 1

Columbus was more determined to sail west than before.

Question 2

Henry the Navigator was the

A) younger son of the king of Portugal.
B) heir to the Portuguese throne.
C) king of Portugal.
D) adopted son of the king of Portugal.

Answer 2

younger son of the king of Portugal.

Question 3

What led Portuguese nobility to organize expeditions in search of plunder?

A) They were economically weakened after the Black Death.
B) They hoped for upward mobility which would lead to an overthrow of the monarch.
C) Spanish explorers had reported that there was great wealth in the "new world."
D) Portugal's status in Europe had declined, and Spain and England had become the major powers.

Answer 3

They were economically weakened after the Black Death.

Question 4

What unusual title did Isabella, a woman, insist on being called as ruler of Castile?

A) prince
B) king
C) pope
D) great mother

Question 5

Columbus' proposal to sail west to get to China was based on what assumption?

A) China can be reached via the Indian Ocean.
B) The circumference of the earth is 25,000 miles.
C) The earth is round.
D) Existing navigation charts were correct.

Question 6

What was the Enterprise of the Indies?

A) a detailed plan for a westward maritime expedition
B) a detailed plan for governance of Spain's newly acquired western colonies
C) a detailed plan for governance of Brazil
D) a detailed plan for sailing around the Cape of Good Hope

Question 7

What was the goal of Christopher Columbus?

A) He wanted to find a route to the Indies by sailing westward.
B) He wanted to find a route to the Indies by sailing eastward.
C) He wanted to find a route to the Indies by going around Africa.
D) He wanted to conquer the Indies for the king of Spain.

Question 8

Where was the first Portuguese overseas conquest?

A) the Canaries
B) West Africa
C) Brazil
D) Morocco

Question 9

Why were western Europeans searching for a new route to the West Indies?

A) the current route was lengthy and dangerous due to piracy
B) the Turks controlled the eastern Mediterranean, and their trading regulations were costly
C) the Turks closed all trade routes trade routes to Christians
D) the Muslims forced women on board the ships to be completely covered in accordance with Islamic law

Question 10

According to Western legend, what happened at the equator?

A) People fell into a lake of fire.
B) The ocean boiled.
C) People baked to death.
D) The sky met the ground.

Question 11

What did King João's land expedition across Africa in 1487 hope to find?

A) gold mines
B) Prester John
C) a river route across Africa
D) the Nile

Question 12

When Columbus first landed in the Caribbean on October 12, he thought he had landed off the eastern coast of

A) China.
B) Japan.
C) India.
D) Indonesia.

Question 13

Spain's two most significant kingdoms during the Reconquista were

A) Andalusia and Asturias.
B) Iberia and Portugal.
C) Aragon and Castile.
D) Catalonia and Valencia.

Question 14

The unification of Spain was finally completed under the rule of

A) Isabella and Ferdinand.
B) Carlos I.
C) Philip III.
D) João III.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about Mehmed's victory at Constantinople is True?

A) It expanded Islamic power and wealth significantly.
B) It weakened existing Muslim trade networks.
C) It ruined European trade and led to a decline in commercial activity.
D) It reoriented European trade eastward.

Question 16

Which of these had strengthened the monarchies of Spain and Portugal?

A) the Black Death
B) the Reconquista
C) the Ottoman capture of Constantinople
D) the rise of the Almoravids

Question 17

Which comparison between the Mongols and Iberians is NOT valid?

A) Both used technologies adopted from other civilizations.
B) Both killed thousands through combat and disease.
C) Both were warrior cultures.
D) Both forced their religions on their conquests.

Question 18

Bartholomeu Días failed to complete a sea voyage to India because

A) he died of malaria after rounding the Cape of Good Hope.
B) he miscalculated the distance and ended up in the New World.
C) his sailors insisted on returning home.
D) he was attacked by pirates in the Mediterranean Sea.

Question 19

Prince Henry the Navigator did all of the following EXCEPT

A) advance the Christian faith.
B) help Portugal determine the extent of Islamic rule in Africa.
C) lead Portuguese exploration all the way to Sierra Leone.
D) develop trade relations with African Muslims.

Question 20

Which countries negotiated the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A) Britain and Spain
B) Portugal and Spain
C) Britain and France
D) France and Portugal

Question 21

Where was Portuguese trading focused?

A) the Pacific Ocean
B) the Mediterranean Sea
C) the Indian Ocean
D) the Atlantic Ocean

Question 22

Compared to Spain, Portugal's American system was

A) more strictly regulated.
B) less centralized.
C) more focus on religious than economic motives.
D) an expensive failure.

Question 23

What were usually established by the Portuguese in lands they explored?

A) churches
B) fortified trading posts
C) farming settlements
D) towns

Question 24

Portugal established a trading post in China at

A) Macao.
B) Kilwa.
C) Canton.
D) Beijing.

Question 25

The Iberians imposed a new governance system in America based largely on

A) slave labor.
B) the tobacco crop.
C) Christianity.
D) cooperation with Amerinds.

Question 26

The largest owner of property in the New World was

A) the Spanish king.
B) the Portuguese king.
C) the Catholic Church.
D) Vasco de Gama.

Question 27

The Treaty of Tordesillas

A) divided the world between Spain and Portugal.
B) Was a three-way division of the Americas.
C) gave all of South America to Spain.
D) divided the Americas at the Yucatan Peninsula.

Question 28

Which man finally accomplished what Columbus set out and failed to do?

A) Magellan
B) Días
C) Cabral
D) De Gama

Question 29

What effect did the Treaty of Tordesillas have on European commerce in the Eastern hemisphere?

A) It encouraged competition among the European powers.
B) It fostered cooperation among the European powers.
C) It allowed Portugal to avoid competition in the region.
D) It led to Spain and Portugal fighting for control of the Indies.

Question 30

What was the goal of the Spanish administration in the Americas?

A) the efficient running of the colony's economy
B) keeping the empire under the king's direct control
C) maximum resource extraction
D) ensuring local control of most of the economy

Question 31

Portugal's headquarters in East Asia, established by Alfonso de Albuquerque, was

A) Macao.
B) Kilwa.
C) Canton.
D) Goa.

Question 32

How did Spanish and Portuguese kings ensure that viceroys and governor-generals did not abuse their power?

A) the residencia
B) term limits
C) the Council of the Indies
D) the cortés

Question 33

What was the main goal of the Portuguese Empire?

A) gaining converts to Christianity
B) trading
C) finding land for settlers
D) discovering mineral resources

Question 34

What was the goal of the residencia?

A) ensuring that Amerinds adopted Christianity
B) making sure that the viceroys ruled in the interests of their governments
C) maintaining a flow of profit from the Americas to Iberia
D) deciding the fate of captured Indians

Question 35

Which of these best describes the Portuguese Empire in the 1600s?

A) concentrated in Asia
B) extremely dispersed
C) scattered in southern Africa
D) based in the tip of South America

Question 36

The two viceroyalties in Spanish America were

A) California and Mexico.
B) Louisiana and Peru.
C) Peru and New Spain.
D) New Spain and Argentina.

Question 37

The principal qualification for being viceroy or governor-general was

A) Iberian birth.
B) loyalty to the king.
C) military prowess.
D) noble status.

Question 38

The Council of the Indies did all of the following EXCEPT

A) decide which Spanish laws should be revised for the New World.
B) advise the king on everything pertaining to colonial affairs.
C) negotiate between Portuguese and Spanish colonists.
D) approve all significant expenditures.

Question 39

Pedro Cabral discovered Brazil

A) on Columbus' second voyage.
B) sailing for the Spanish.
C) when he was blown off course on his way to India.
D) when his ship deserted from Magellan's expedition.

Question 40

What was the significance of Magellan's experience?

A) He proved that one could not reach Asia by sailing west from Europe.
B) He found the Cape of Good Hope.
C) He proved that sailing west from Europe was the safest route to Asia.
D) He proved that it was possible to sail around the world.

Question 41

Which colony was founded by the Quakers in the 1680s?

A) Maryland
B) Pennsylvania
C) New York
D) Virginia

Question 42

Which disease probably passed from the Americas to Europe as a result of the Columbian Exchange?

A) smallpox
B) measles
C) chicken pox
D) syphilis

Question 43

What plants, essential for European diet and religion, were brought from Europe to America as part of the "Columbian Exchange"?

A) wheat and grapes
B) of tobacco and corn
C) potatoes and manioc
D) potatoes and chocolate

Question 44

In 1608, Champlain established a French settlement at

A) Quebec.
B) New Orleans
C) St. Louis
D) Ft. Frontenac

Question 45

What most distinguished the colonial nobles from commoners?

A) influence in the Catholic Church
B) ownership of great estates
C) slave ownership
D) superior education

Question 46

Which of the following statements about Massasoit is NOT True?

A) He was the chief of the Wampanoag nation.
B) He initially helped the Plymouth Colony settlers.
C) He hoped to trade with the English colonists.
D) His son Metacom was beheaded and his head was displayed by colonists on a pole.

Question 47

Which of these was True of society in the Spanish and Portuguese American colonies?

A) the three main racial groups rarely mixed
B) interracial unions were common
C) mixed-race individuals were able to rise to high positions
D) peninsulares never married in the colonies

Question 48

Which of these later became the Iroquois Confederacy?

A) the Seneca
B) the League of Five Nations
C) the tribes of the lower Mississippi valley
D) the Puebloan peoples

Question 49

Who were the peninsulares?

A) white Americans born in the Americas
B) white Americans born in Europe
C) people of mixed descent born in the Americas
D) freed African slaves

Question 50

Portuguese America developed in a more centralized fashion than Spanish America.

Question 51

King Philip's War

A) effectively ended Amerind resistance in New England.
B) forced the evacuation of Plymouth Colony.
C) led to the slaughter of thousands of colonists.
D) occurred after the English began to claim more and more Amerinds as slaves.

Question 52

Who were criollos?

A) white people born in the Americas
B) Amerinds born in Europe
C) people of mixed descent born in the Americas
D) freed African slaves

Question 53

The Columbian exchange caused widespread and devastating outbreaks of disease

A) mainly in the Americas.
B) mainly in Europe.
C) mainly in Africa.
D) equally around the world.

Question 54

The Iberians had a warrior culture comparable to that of the Mongols.

Question 55

Which of these was most influential in the conversion of Native Americans to Christianity?

A) Benedictine monks
B) Jesuits
C) parish priests
D) Franciscan friars

Question 56

Who initially founded the colony that eventually became known as "New York"?

A) the English
B) the Portuguese
C) the Dutch
D) the Italians

Question 57

Mestizos were people of mixed descent who were considered socially below European-born whites.

Question 58

The man who finally unified Spain later became the Holy Roman Emperor.

Question 59

The Jesuits were the least influential of all of the Catholic religious orders in Spanish America.

Question 60

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Jamestown settlers and the Powhatans?

A) It was always adversarial, as the colonists immediately attempted to seize the land and force the Powhatans to leave.
B) Initially, the relationship was one of mistrust and conflict, but as the Powhatans and the colonists began to work together to farm the land, and they began to plant tobacco to export to England, they worked together to create a lasting cooperative economy.
C) Initially, the relationship was friendly, as the Powhatan even provided the colonists with food to help them survive. However, as more settlers arrived, that relationship changed and the colonists eventually seized the land.
D) The Jamestown settlers massacred the entire tribe of Powhatans within the first three years of their arrival in the Americas.

Question 61

What was the Line of Demarcation?

Question 62

Evaluate gender roles in Iberian societies in the Western hemisphere.

Question 63

What were arrobas?

Question 64

Compare and contrast Brazil with the Spanish colonies in the Western hemisphere.

Question 65

The Columbian Exchange benefitted Amerinds more than Europeans.

Question 66

What Spanish institution was placed in charge of all aspects of Spain's New World colonies?

Question 67

Christian missionaries appealed to their governments to stop persecuting and enslaving African slaves while abuses of Amerinds were ignored.

Question 68

Compare and contrast the Iberian conquerors with the Mongols.

Question 69

How did Cabral land in Brazil during his voyage?

Question 70

Most of what is now United States was initially colonized by the English.

Question 71

Criollos resented the status and power of the peninsulares, which eventually led to revolution.

Question 72

Discuss the costs and benefits of the Columbian Exchange.

Question 73

Which men were chosen to rule Spanish American colonies under the king's orders?

Question 74

For whom was the colony of Virginia named?

Question 75

For whom was the colony of Jamestown named?

Question 76

Evaluate the origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade.

Question 77

Who named the entire Western hemisphere "America"?

Question 78

Which man developed a profitable fur trade with the Hurons?

Question 79

Spain's representative body, the cortés, was introduced in New Spain.

Question 80

What jobs were available to free African women in the New World?