Deck 24: Absolutism and Enlightenment in Europe, 1600-1763

Question 1

Which ruler best exemplifies seventeenth-century absolutism in Europe?

A) Henry VIII
B) Queen Elizabeth
C) Louis XIV
D) Frederick II

Answer 1

Louis XIV

Question 2

Who was the chief minister during the childhood reign of Louis XIV?

A) the Queen Mother
B) Pope Pius IV
C) Cardinal Richelieu
D) Cardinal Mazarin

Answer 2

Cardinal Mazarin

Question 3

The reversal of the Edict of Nantes was a mistake because

A) the Protestants went to England and formed an army which later attacked France.
B) the Catholics were outraged and withdrew their support for the monarchy.
C) the economy was weakened when Huguenot merchants and artisans emigrated.
D) it damaged relations with the Catholic Church.

Answer 3

the economy was weakened when Huguenot merchants and artisans emigrated.

Question 4

Which of these motivated the repeal of the Edict of Nantes?

A) religious conviction
B) personal animosity towards the leader of the Huguenots
C) the threat to royal power posed by Huguenot sanctuaries
D) the alliance between Huguenots and French nobles

Question 5

Louis XIV made sure that his war ministers were

A) well trained.
B) nobles.
C) single.
D) commoners.

Question 6

Many legislative bodies exerted considerable power and influence, but this was not the case in France. Why was the French legislature powerless and ineffective?

A) The legislators were all appointed by the king, so he appointed only his closest friends.
B) Only the king could call it into session, and he wasn't bound by its decisions.
C) The only people who could hold office were the nobles, and they were allied with the king.
D) The legislators were engaged in a civil war with each other.

Question 7

The two most powerful Central European states in the 1600s and 1700s were

A) Austria and Prussia.
B) Poland and Bohemia.
C) Austria and Bohemia.
D) Prussia and Poland.

Question 8

How did the Fronde affect Louis XIV?

A) He lost absolute power and was forced to grant concessions to the rebels.
B) He became convinced that the power of the nobility must be broken.
C) He was forced to move to Versailles so that the nobility could keep an eye on him.
D) He realized he could only govern by sharing power with the nobility.

Question 9

Which man is most responsible for laying the foundations for absolutism in France?

A) Henry IV
B) Louis XIV
C) Cardinal Mazarin
D) Cardinal Richelieu

Question 10

Which country set the standard for seventeenth-century absolutism?

A) England
B) France
C) Austria
D) Prussia

Question 11

Louis XIV had nobles live at Versailles in order to

A) isolate them from governance.
B) demonstrate his respect for them.
C) ally with them against town dwellers.
D) serve as his legislature.

Question 12

Who wielded the real power behind the throne of Louis XIII?

A) the Queen Mother
B) Louis XIV
C) the pope
D) Cardinal Richelieu

Question 13

Which of these modern countries was NOT part of the Holy Roman Empire around 1700?

A) Austria
B) Bohemia
C) Poland
D) Bavaria

Question 14

Who was the minister of finance during the reign of Louis XIV?

A) Cardinal Mazarin
B) Cardinal Richelieu
C) the Queen Mother
D) Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Question 15

The ultimate goal of the Fronde was to

A) revoke the Edict of Nantes.
B) grant freedom of religion to Protestants in France.
C) limit royal power.
D) overthrow the monarchy and establish a republic.

Question 16

Where was Prussia located?

A) in the center of the Holy Roman Empire
B) along the Baltic Sea
C) between Austria and Hungary
D) just north of Italy

Question 17

Which of these was the period of the height of absolutism?

A) 1500s-1600s
B) 1600s-1700s
C) 1700s-1800s
D) 1800s-1900s

Question 18

Which dynasty ruled Austria during the Age of Absolutism?

A) Hohenzollern
B) Habsburg
C) Stuart
D) Tudor

Question 19

What was Cardinal Richelieu's goal concerning the French nobility?

A) He wanted to destroy the social privileges of the nobility.
B) He hoped to eliminate all class distinctions.
C) He wanted to end the nobles' legal privileges.
D) He wanted to make the nobility to place the nation's interests above their own.

Question 20

The theory of royal absolutism freed kings from

A) ethical constraints.
B) limitations from human institutions.
C) rational behavior.
D) customary laws.

Question 21

How did Parliament restrain royal power when it met in1640?

A) It gained the right to make law.
B) It would meet every three years without being called by the king.
C) It became the body that would elect monarchs.
D) It gained jurisdiction over all law courts.

Question 22

Who were the main allies of the Prussian rulers in their attempts to strengthen and centralize their power?

A) the bourgeoisie
B) the peasants
C) the Junkers
D) the military

Question 23

In what sense was Brandenburg-Prussia divided?

A) geographically
B) culturally
C) religiously
D) linguistically

Question 24

Which dynasty ruled Prussia during the Age of Absolutism?

A) Hohenzollern
B) Habsburg
C) Stuart
D) Tudor

Question 25

Who came to the throne in the Glorious Revolution?

A) Charles I
B) Charles II
C) James II
D) William and Mary

Question 26

The major goal of Frederick William was strengthening Prussia's

A) nobility.
B) army.
C) merchants.
D) legislature.

Question 27

Which European country differed most from the others in having a strong and thriving middle class?

A) France
B) Austria
C) Prussia
D) Russia

Question 28

Which European country created a limited monarchy?

A) France
B) Austria
C) Prussia
D) England

Question 29

The English Parliament was reduced to about sixty members because many of its members

A) were killed in the English Civil War.
B) were Protestant.
C) were Catholic.
D) didn't favor executing the king and abolishing the monarchy.

Question 30

Who were the Ironsides?

A) the English king's army
B) Cromwell's Puritan army
C) William and Mary's army
D) the Catholic forces sent by the pope

Question 31

All of the following were reasons for the English Civil War EXCEPT

A) the king tried to make his own laws.
B) Parliament refused to approve new taxes.
C) most Parliament members were Calvinist, and they disliked Anglicanism.
D) the king gave more power to Parliament.

Question 32

Which English dynasty provoked a civil war with Parliament?

A) Hohenzollern
B) Habsburg
C) Stuart
D) Tudor

Question 33

English Calvinists who rejected the authority of the Anglican Church were called

A) Huguenots
B) Presbyterians
C) Puritans
D) Lollards

Question 34

What was the major difference between absolutism in Prussia and France?

A) Prussia had an elective monarchy; French monarchs inherited the throne.
B) French absolutism included a partnership between the king and the nobility; Prussian absolutism did not.
C) French absolutism relied on a powerful army; Prussia was a less militarized state.
D) Prussia promoted economic development; France did not.

Question 35

The leaders of Parliament were in favor of bringing a Dutch king to the throne of England because

A) the Dutch had a stronger military.
B) he was Protestant.
C) he was Catholic.
D) he promised Parliamentary reform.

Question 36

Who had the most to lose from growing Hohenzollern absolutism in the 1600s?

A) the Junkers
B) the peasants
C) the bourgeoisie
D) the military

Question 37

What constituted the Eleven Years' Tyranny under Charles I?

A) royal support for Anglicanism
B) the suspension of common law
C) royal rule without Parliament
D) the suspension of justice

Question 38

Who most threatened the power of the Habsburgs in the 1600s?

A) the Prussians
B) the Ottomans
C) the Holy Roman Empire
D) the Venetian navy

Question 39

In 1653, Oliver Cromwell

A) was crowned king.
B) invited Charles II to return to the throne.
C) retired and turned power over to Parliament.
D)became a dictator known as the Lord Protector.

Question 40

Which of these was the main barrier to absolute monarchy in England?

A) the peasants
B) the bourgeoisie
C) Parliament
D) the nobility

Question 41

Who invented the pendulum and telescope?

A) Galileo Galilei
B) Nicholas Copernicus
C) Johannes Kepler
D) René Descartes

Question 42

Copernicus and Kepler were criticized and persecuted by the Catholic Church because they

A) asserted that there was no God.
B) challenged the Church's idea that humans are the center of God's creation.
C) asserted that the earth was a motionless body in the center of the universe.
D) rejected the Bible as irrelevant and poorly translated.

Question 43

The primary concern of physiocrats was

A) economics.
B) legal theory.
C) politics.
D) religion.

Question 44

Who was responsible for the publication of the Encyclopedia?

A) Denis Diderot
B) Baron Montesquieu
C) Thomas Hobbes
D) Isaac Newton

Question 45

James II was a Catholic king of Protestant England.

Question 46

Who is regarded as the first prime minister of Great Britain?

A) Robert Walpole
B) George III
C) Benjamin Disraeli
D) Robert Peel

Question 47

Which man was widely considered to be the most dominant figure of the Enlightenment?

A) John Locke
B) Voltaire
C) Baron Montesquieu
D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 48

As heir to the throne, the future Frederick II

A) try to flee to England before being arrested by his father.
B) showed little interest in music and the arts.
C) was a devout Catholic who wanted to be a monk.
D) eagerly embraced his father's militarism and discipline.

Question 49

Who wrote Principia, or The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy?

A) Galileo Galilei
B) Isaac Newton
C) Francis Bacon
D) Johannes Kepler

Question 50

Which of the following statements best describes the ideology of Thomas Hobbes?

A) Absolute monarchs must maintain their end of the social contract with the people.
B) Absolute monarchy should be abolished in favor of democratic rule.
C) Absolute monarchy is essential to keep social order and stability.
D) Individual freedom is a right given to all men by God.

Question 51

How did the views of Locke and Rousseau differ?

A) Rousseau valued individual liberties while Locke valued the common good.
B) Locke believed in strong government, while Rousseau wanted to abolish government.
C) Rousseau valued democracy while Locke valued monarchy.
D) Rousseau valued private property while Locke saw it as a source of inequality

Question 52

Montesquieu believed that the French government was a model form ofmixed government.

Question 53

Which man hypothesized that the planetary orbits are elliptical instead of circular?

A) Galileo Galilei
B) Nicholas Copernicus
C) Johannes Kepler
D) René Descartes

Question 54

Which man laid the foundations for a system of political checks and balances?

A) John Locke
B) Voltaire
C) Baron Montesquieu
D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 55

What two states were merged by the Act of Union?

A) England and Wales
B) England and Scotland
C) England and Northern Ireland
D) England and Ireland

Question 56

Who advocated a "laissez-faire" approach to the economy?

A) John Locke
B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C) Thomas Hobbes
D) Adam Smith

Question 57

Which man said "I think; therefore, I am"?

A) René Descartes
B) John Locke
C) Thomas Hobbes
D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 58

How did the views of Locke and Hobbes differ?

A) Hobbes believed that absolutism was never necessary; Locke believed that it was sometimes necessary.
B) Locke believed that a corrupt monarch should be unseated; Hobbes favored unconditional absolutism.
C) Hobbes believed that a corrupt monarch should be unseated; Locke favored unconditional absolutism.
D) Locke believed that absolutism was never necessary; Hobbes believed that it was sometimes necessary.

Question 59

Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence was strongly influenced by the writings of

A) Voltaire.
B) John Locke.
C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
D) Thomas Hobbes.

Question 60

Copernicus believed that the sun was the center of the universe.

Question 61

What was the major problem facing the Austrian empire in the late 1600s and after?

Question 62

The French king was nearly omnipotent as long as he respected the fundamental laws.

Question 63

Which man said, "I think; therefore, I am"?

Question 64

Galileo verified the Copernican hypothesis, thus earning him persecution by the Catholic Church.

Question 65

Discuss the lengthy reign of Louis XIV.

Question 66

Cardinal Richelieu's main goal was to strengthen the subordinate the monarchy to the church.

Question 67

Discuss the English Civil War including the causes and effects of this conflict.

Question 68

Which man laid the foundations for socialism by advocating a government that enforced the general will of the people?

Question 69

In which state was the noble class known as Junkers?

Question 70

Who wrote Leviathan, arguing for strong monarchies?

Question 71

What was the Edict of Nantes?

Question 72

Louis XIV moved his palace from Versailles to Paris.

Question 73

Prussia had a strong middle class made up of urban professionals.

Question 74

What conflict led to the assertion of absolute royal power in France?

Question 75

Whose "New Methodology" laid the groundwork for the scientific method?

Question 76

Frederick I of Prussia is an example of an enlightened absolute ruler.

Question 77

Evaluate the role of women in the Enlightenment.

Question 78

The position of prime minister of Britain emerged during the English Civil War.

Question 79

Which king repealed the Edict of Nantes, causing Huguenots to flee France in large numbers?

Question 80

Which man said, "I am the state"?