Deck 30: New Connections and Challenges in West Asia and Africa, 1800-1914

Question 1

The Tanzimat did all of the following EXCEPT

A) restructure the military.
B) promise equal rights for all men, even non-Muslims.
C) set up a secular school system.
D) provide women with more opportunities.

Answer 1

provide women with more opportunities.

Question 2

The defeat of Cetshwayo in 1879 demonstrated

A) the power of the Zulu nation.
B) the end of the colonial period in Africa.
C) rapid changes in Africa in the 1800s
D) the superiority of Zulu tactics.

Answer 2

rapid changes in Africa in the 1800s

Question 3

The general direction of the Tanzimat reforms was

A) based on the Shari`ah.
B) secular.
C) based on Sufism.
D) guided by the Ulama.

Answer 3

secular.

Question 4

Around 1800, which of these ruled most of North Africa?

A) the Egyptian Fatimids
B) the Ottoman Empire
C) the British Empire
D) France

Question 5

Who transformed Egypt's economy and built a powerful military, starting a dynasty that lasted until the 1950s?

A) Mahmud III
B) Sadat
C) Muhammad Ali
D) Ibrahim Pasha

Question 6

Selim's restructuring of Ottoman forces led to

A) rebellion by the Janissaries.
B) strengthening of the Ottoman Empire.
C) defeat of the British.
D) defeat of the Russians.

Question 7

How did Muhammad Ali revolutionize Egyptian agriculture?

A) He focused on subsistence farming.
B) He encouraged cash crops like cotton.
C) He encouraged crop rotation.
D) He devised an irrigation system.

Question 8

What was the goal of the Young Turks?

A) liberal, nationalist reform
B) return of the sultan to power
C) restoration of the Janissaries
D) imposition of the Shari`ah

Question 9

Muhammad Ali did all of the following EXCEPT

A) create a modern army.
B) revolutionize Egypt's agriculture.
C) build Western-style public schools.
D) rely on the Mamluks for military support.

Question 10

During the Great War, Ottoman Turkey sided with

A) Germany.
B) Britain.
C) Russia.
D) France.

Question 11

In the 1910s, the Young Turks did all of the following EXCEPT

A) embrace Western ideology.
B) remove the sultan from power.
C) foster industrialization.
D) promote Turkish nationalism.

Question 12

Around 1800, what parts of Africa were controlled by outsiders?

A) most of sub-Saharan Africa
B) the Maghrib and some stretches of coastline
C) the Maghrib West Africa
D) Southern and West Africa

Question 13

Who forced Abdulhamid to restore the constitution and parliament in the Ottoman Empire?

A) Selim
B) Mahmud II
C) Reshid
D) the Young Turks

Question 14

How did the British defeat the Zulus led by Cetshwayo at the battle of Ulundi?

A) The British outnumbered the Zulus three to one.
B) The Zulu king refused to believe that the British were planning to attack.
C) The British had superior weaponry.
D) The British took advantage of an argument between Shaka and his nephew.

Question 15

Mahmud II brought law and education under state control, thus undermining the influence of the

A) ulama.
B) British.
C) Orthodox Church.
D) Janissaries.

Question 16

What were the goals of the Tanzimat reforms?

A) repeal of Selim III's reforms
B) enforcement of the Shari`ah
C) Westernization and modernization
D) eradication of Western influences

Question 17

Who defeated and then abolished the Janissary Corps?

A) Selim III
B) Reshid
C) Mahmud II
D) Abdulhamid

Question 18

What was the status of Egypt in the late 1800s?

A) an independent nation under a sultan
B) an autonomous part of the Ottoman Empire
C) under the direct authority of the Ottoman sultan
D) under British rule, though nominally independent

Question 19

Which leader shut down the Parliament and suspended the constitution in the Ottoman Empire?

A) Selim III
B) Mahmud II
C) Abdulhamid II
D) Reshid Pasha

Question 20

The Maghrib is the Arabic name given to

A) West Africa.
B) North Africa.
C) Central Africa.
D) South Africa.

Question 21

British abolitionists and liberated American slaves founded a settlement named Freetown in

A) Sierra Leone.
B) Ethiopia.
C) Libya.
D) Tripoli.

Question 22

Algeria's ruler hit the French consul with a fly swatter because

A) he insulted his favorite wife.
B) the French were interfering with the slave trade.
C) the French owed Algeria money.
D) France would not pay higher tribute.

Question 23

Why did European powers support the Ottoman sultan against Egypt's Ibrahim Pasha?

A) Europe supported the legitimate rule of the Ottoman sultan.
B) The secular rule of Ibrahim Pasha threatened the stability of the Ottoman Empire.
C) A weak Egypt was better for East-West trade routes.
D) The Egyptian ruler represented a turn to Wahhabism.

Question 24

The Fulani of West Africa adopted

A) Coptic Christianity.
B) Roman Catholicism.
C) Sufism.
D) Sikhism.

Question 25

Liberia's first president was

A) Usman dan Fodio.
B) Joseph Jenkins Roberts.
C) Olaudah Equiano.
D) James Monroe.

Question 26

The father of modern Algeria was

A) Abdelqadir al-Jazairi.
B) Abdulhamid II.
C) Mustafa Kemal.
D) Ismail.

Question 27

The Barbary States were part of a region also known as the

A) Maghrib.
B) Balkans.
C) Levant.
D) Sudan.

Question 28

Egypt's resurgence in the 1800s inspired Arabs

A) to rely more than ever on Ottoman protection.
B) toward self-rule and Arab nationalism.
C) to reject Islam in favor of Christianity.
D) to turn inward and reject Western influence.

Question 29

When it opened in 1869, the Suez Canal was most important because of

A) it devastating impact on the Ottoman Empire.
B) its dramatic impact on shipping costs.
C) its strategic importance for the French military.
D) the effect it had on Egyptian nationalism.

Question 30

Which country was behind the building of the Suez Canal?

A) Egypt
B) Britain
C) France
D) the United States

Question 31

The Sokoto Caliphate did all of the following EXCEPT

A) inspire the formation of other jihad states.
B) grant freedoms to followers of old rural religions.
C) build schools and mosques to reinforce Islam.
D) eventually fall under British control.

Question 32

The first European country to outlaw the slave trade was

A) Great Britain.
B) Germany.
C) France.
D) Denmark.

Question 33

Usman dan Fodio

A) was concerned about the religious intolerance in his country.
B) declared a "jihad of the sword."
C) created the first ban on the slave trade in Algeria.
D) created the first ban on the slave trade in East Africa.

Question 34

What was the impact of the Tanzimat reforms in West Asia and North Africa?

A) Growing feelings of a common cause united the Ottoman Empire.
B) Anti-Turkish sentiment grew along with desire for autonomy.
C) Anti-Western feelings combined with pro-Turkish unity.
D) A sense of shared Muslim Arab culture strengthened the Ottoman Empire.

Question 35

What was the impact of the work of Olaudah Equiano?

A) He assisted the independence movement in Algeria.
B) His narrative gave new impetus to the antislavery movement.
C) He helped modernization in Egypt.
D) He inspired the Latin American independence movement.

Question 36

The Fulani movement led by Usman dan Fodio served to

A) make West Africa susceptible to Western conquest.
B) unite the Sokoto Caliphate.
C) destroy the Mali Empire.
D) unite West Africa against the Western powers.

Question 37

The Sokoto Caliphate arose in the interior of

A) North Africa.
B) West Africa.
C) South Africa.
D) Central Africa.

Question 38

Who controlled the Suez Canal by 1900?

A) the Ottoman Empire
B) Egypt
C) Britain
D) France

Question 39

Which of these was the first North African state to be conquered by a Western power in the 1800s?

A) Morocco
B) Tunis
C) Algeria
D) Tripoli

Question 40

Which of the Barbary States was fully independent in the early 1800s?

A) Tunis
B) Algeria
C) Tripoli
D) Morocco

Question 41

The first president of Liberia was born in the United States.

Question 42

Muhammad Ali transformed Egypt into an industrial power.

Question 43

Which of these became the focus of the slave trade in the 1800s?

A) West Africa
B) East Africa
C) southern Africa
D) North Africa

Question 44

The Boers were upset by Britain's liberal attitude toward

A) Islam.
B) black South Africans.
C) Zulu nationalism.
D) rival French colonists.

Question 45

Tropical Africa was known as the "white man's graveyard" due to

A) the dry climate.
B) armed natives.
C) malaria.
D) pythons.

Question 46

Which of these motivated independence movements in both the Ottoman Empire and Africa in the late 1800s?

A) Muslim unity
B) Christian ideology
C) nationalism
D) anti-Western sentiment

Question 47

The Boers on the Great Trek compared themselves with

A) the Indians on the Trail of Tears.
B) the Hebrews entering the Promised Land.
C) Chinese peasants on the Long March.
D) the Americans in the Bataan Death March.

Question 48

Which of these were the winners in the South African War?

A) the Boers
B) the British authorities
C) the Zulus
D) the Germans

Question 49

Which of these African groups most benefited from European imperialism?

A) elites
B) women
C) the ulama
D) herders

Question 50

Leopold II conquered the region called the Congo.

Question 51

How did the influence of Western powers in Africa change in the period from 1880 to 1914?

A) Europeans became more interested in diplomatic ties with Africa.
B) Europeans penetrated deeper into Africa.
C) The slave trade accelerated under European control.
D) Western powers became more influenced by commercial motives.

Question 52

By 1914, the only two independent African states were

A) Ethiopia and Libya.
B) Egypt and Liberia.
C) Ethiopia and Liberia.
D) Ethiopia and Egypt.

Question 53

"Diamond fever" brought thousands of outsiders into

A) South Africa.
B) Togoland.
C) Tanzania.
D) East Africa.

Question 54

The slave trade increased in East Africa following the Western ban on slave trading.

Question 55

Which of these were decisive at both Omdurman in 1898 and in Ethiopia in 1896?

A) Islamic unity
B) modern weapons
C) African nationalism
D) anti-Western hostility

Question 56

Which European nation conquered the Congo region, leading to a scramble for Africa?

A) Britain
B) Germany
C) France
D) Belgium

Question 57

Africans liberating from slave-trading vessels and resettled in Sierra Leone were called

A) the liberated.
B) contradands.
C) recaptives.
D) maroons.

Question 58

The creation of quinine was revolutionary in the treatment and prevention of

A) smallpox.
B) measles.
C) malaria.
D) polio.

Question 59

Which European nation established protectorates over modern Namibia and Tanzania?

A) Britain
B) Germany
C) France
D) Spain

Question 60

Which of these was the winning combination that kept Ethiopia independent and inspired anti-imperialism in other African countries.

A) sound finances and industrialization
B) nationalism and modern weapons
C) unity within Islam and skillful diplomacy
D) institutional stability and liberal reform

Question 61

Discuss the issues surrounding the building and control of the Suez Canal.

Question 62

Quinine was used to prevent malaria.

Question 63

Which sultan provided the Ottoman Empire with a liberal constitution?

Question 64

In the Ottoman Empire, Mustafa Reshid led reforms that moved towards Wahhabism.

Question 65

Which European country gained control of Algeria in the 1830s and 1840s?

Question 66

The British were more conservative with respect to race relations than the Dutch in South Africa.

Question 67

Colonial rule in Africa ultimately helped women play more prominent roles in society.

Question 68

Which African nation was a U.S. protectorate for freed slaves?

Question 69

Italy invaded and conquered Ethiopia in the late 1800s.

Question 70

What served as the most common industrial lubricant in the 1800s?

Question 71

Which country of the Maghrib was independent in 1800?

Question 72

Discuss the causes and effects of the South African War.

Question 73

Zulu military success was based on adopting Western weapons.

Question 74

Who was the Muslim mystic that inspired resistance to the British in Egypt and the Sudan?

Question 75

Which independent African nation was a Christian kingdom?

Question 76

Which European country gained control of South Africa?

Question 77

Compare and contract racial attitudes between the British and Dutch in South Africa.

Question 78

Discuss the motives for European colonization in Africa in the late 1800s.

Question 79

How long did it take for the Suez Canal to be built?

Question 80

What West African people adopted Sufism and formed the Sokoto Caliphate?