Deck 31: The Great War and the Russian Revolutions, 1890-1918

Question 1

Which of these drew closer to Russia following the Russo-Japanese War?

A) France
B) Britain
C) Germany
D) Austria

Answer 1

Britain

Question 2

Who was Russia's leader during the Bloody Sunday massacre?

A) Alexander II
B) Alexander III
C) Nicolas I
D) Nicholas II

Answer 2

Nicholas II

Question 3

Bismarck's main aim in forming the Triple Alliance was to isolate

A) Austria
B) Russia
C) England
D) France

Answer 3

France

Question 4

Which of the following nations remained neutral in WWI?

A) Spain
B) Finland
C) Greece
D) Portugal

Question 5

Bismarck's diplomacy focused on maintaining the status quo in which areas?

A) West and North Africa
B) France and the Balkans
C) Morocco and Southeast Asia
D) the Middle East and North Africa

Question 6

Which of these best describes the geography of World War I in Europe?

A) The Triple Alliance formed a circle around the Triple Entente.
B) The Triple Entente forced a two-front war on the Triple Alliance.
C) The Triple Alliance controlled much of the Mediterranean coast.
D) The Triple Alliance was divided by the Triple Entente.

Question 7

Which of the following nations was NOT a part of the Triple Entente?

A) Britain
B) Russia
C) France
D) Italy

Question 8

Which of these describes the Diplomatic Revolution of 1890-1907?

A) Germany dominated European diplomacy.
B) Six nations of Europe formed alliances in a dangerous equilibrium of power.
C) Russia grew stronger, forcing a shift in European diplomacy.
D) The disappearance of the Ottoman Empire threw European powers into conflict.

Question 9

What was the impact of the Russo-Japanese war on Russian internal affairs?

A) Defeat rallied Russians around the tsar's reforms.
B) Morale soared when Russia won.
C) Defeat undermined the tsar's reign.
D) The economic boom caused by the war quieted unrest.

Question 10

What was the focus of Britain's diplomacy in Europe in the period 1900-1910?

A) building an alliance with Germany against France
B) countering German expansion
C) stopping the Spanish naval buildup
D) stopping Russian imperialism

Question 11

What was Sergei Witte's goal for Russia?

A) blocking German imperialism in Africa
B) industrialization
C) agricultural self-sufficiency
D) more diplomatic ties with Western Europe

Question 12

Russia defended Serbia in the Bosnian Crisis because

A) Russia claimed leadership of all Slavs.
B) the Reinsurance Treaty required Russia to act.
C) Serbia and Russia were both Catholic.
D) the czarina was Serbian.

Question 13

Britain entered WWI after Germany violated the rights of a neutral

A) Serbia.
B) Russia.
C) Belgium.
D) France.

Question 14

The members of the Triple Alliance, compared to the Triple Entente, were

A) militaristic.
B) less industrialized.
C) poor countries.
D) religiously diverse.

Question 15

Germany's two-front war strategy involved

A) a quick defeat of Russia before turning to France.
B) a quick defeat of France before turning to Russia.
C) an equal effort on both fronts.
D) war in the west and diplomacy in the east.

Question 16

The "blank check" refers to

A) Russia's unconditional support for Serbia.
B) America's unconditional support for Britain.
C) Spain's unconditional support for Portugal.
D) Germany's unconditional support for Austria.

Question 17

Most of the Balkans took what part in World War I?

A) allies of the Triple Entente
B) armed neutrality
C) closer ties to the Ottoman Empire.
D) part of the Triple Entente

Question 18

The First World War reached a stalemate in a few months in

A) northeastern France near the Marne.
B) eastern Belgium near Brussels.
C) the east near Tannenberg.
D) Austria's southern provinces.

Question 19

The czar survived the Russia Revolution of 1905 by

A) setting up workers' soviets.
B) agreeing to share power with the Duma.
C) reducing taxes on the middle class.
D) provoking war against Japan.

Question 20

Who undermined Bismarck's international policies by refusing to renew the Reinsurance Treaty?

A) Nicholas II
B) Kaiser William II
C) Klemens von Metternich
D) Leopold II

Question 21

The Gallipoli Campaign was designed to open Allied supply lines to

A) Italy.
B) Russia.
C) Austria.
D) Britain.

Question 22

Lions Led by Donkeys is a criticism of which of these participants in World War I?

A) army officers
B) naval officers
C) foot soldiers
D) civilian leadership

Question 23

India expected autonomy from Britain because of

A) Britain's failing economy.
B) British losses in World War I.
C) India's support for Britain in World War I.
D) the example of Irish independence, granted in 1918.

Question 24

Who joined with Germany and Austria-Hungary to form the Central Powers?

A) Spain and Italy
B) Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire
C) Belgium and the Netherlands
D) Norway and Denmark

Question 25

Which of the following best explains the German resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare?

A) The United States was too preoccupied with economic issues to enter the war.
B) The British navy's defeat would end the war quickly.
C) The only way to win the war was to deter American involvement.
D) War with the United States was no threat.

Question 26

Which nation brought submarines onto the naval front in WWI?

A) Britain
B) Germany
C) Russia
D) the United States

Question 27

France's will to resist was symbolized in the city of

A) Paris.
B) Verdun.
C) Calais.
D) Dunkirk.

Question 28

Who was America's president during World War I?

A) Woodrow Wilson
B) Calvin Coolidge
C) Theodore Roosevelt
D) Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Question 29

Seven hundred and fifty thousand Germans died of malnutrition primarily due to

A) Britain's naval blockade.
B) the failure of the turnip crop.
C) the army's annexation of farmland.
D) collectivization of private farms.

Question 30

Which European nation's civilians suffered the least in WWI?

A) France
B) Russia
C) Germany
D) Britain

Question 31

Who became a national hero after leading defensive forces at Gallipoli?

A) Otto von Bismarck
B) Winston Churchill
C) Mustafa Kemal
D) Philippe Pétain

Question 32

Which country lost the highest proportion of young men in the Great War?

A) France
B) Russia
C) Germany
D) Britain

Question 33

Which of these describe the terms of Japanese support of the Allied Powers in World War I?

A) Japan was promised concessions in China for its participation.
B) Japan fought in exchange for British commercial withdrawal from the Indian Ocean.
C) France promised concessions in Vietnam for Japanese support.
D) No concessions were made; Japan fought on its own terms.

Question 34

Which of these was promised to Mexico in the Zimmerman Note?

A) territory lost in the Mexican-American War
B) control of the Caribbean
C) German military contracts
D) cancelling of Mexican debt to Germany

Question 35

Where did bloody but indecisive trench warfare develop during the Great War?

A) the Russian front
B) the Austrian borderlands
C) the Baltic coast
D) the Western front

Question 36

The largest one-day loss in British military history occurred in the first eight hours of the fighting at

A) Verdun.
B) the Marne.
C) the Somme.
D) Jutland.

Question 37

In Russia, the government encouraged wartime sacrifice by banning the sale of

A) German-made products.
B) oil.
C) vodka.
D) weapons.

Question 38

What French commander successfully held Verdun against German attack?

A) Charles De Gaulle
B) Georges Clemenceau
C) Philippe Pétain
D) Édouard Daladier

Question 39

How was Africa affected by the Great War?

A) African nations gained their independence because of European preoccupation with the war.
B) Africans were drawn into the war, and suffered extensive destruction.
C) The Great War highlighted the racism prevalent in European colonialism, which eventually led to their liberation.
D) Africans played little role in the Great War,.

Question 40

Which nation switched sides in World War I because of territorial promises?

A) Britain
B) Italy
C) France
D) Austria

Question 41

What was the name of Wilson's proposed plan for peace following World War I?

A) Paris Initiative
B) Armageddon Plan
C) Fourteen Points
D) New Deal

Question 42

Woodrow Wilson was the American president in World War I.

Question 43

Which ethnic group was targeted for persecution in the Ottoman Empire?

A) Jews
B) Armenians
C) Muslims
D) Slavs

Question 44

How did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk affect Germany?

A) Germany lost most of its lands bordering France.
B) Germany gained resources in Russia.
C) Austria abandoned its alliance with Germany.
D) Germany now faced a two-front war.

Question 45

Who was the leader of Russia when World War I broke out?

A) Alexander II
B) Lenin
C) Stalin
D) Nicholas II

Question 46

In 1918, Germany was ravaged by

A) influenza.
B) malaria.
C) smallpox.
D) rubella.

Question 47

Lenin's "majority" group of Russian Marxist were called

A) Duma.
B) Mensheviks.
C) Bolsheviks.
D) Soviets.

Question 48

Empress Alexandra became increasingly unpopular with the Russian people because

A) she was French.
B) of her relationship with Rasputin.
C) she threatened to divorce the tsar.
D) she refused to become a Russian citizen.

Question 49

Which of these was the leader of the Petrograd Soviet in November, 1917?

A) Joseph Stalin
B) Vladimir Lenin
C) Karl Marx
D) Leon Trotsky

Question 50

How did the reign of Nicholas II end?

A) He abdicated in favor of his son.
B) He renounced the throne.
C) He was captured by the Germans.
D) He died fighting in World War I.

Question 51

The United States entered World War I primarily because of

A) defensive alliances with Britain and France.
B) unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Note.
C) the Zimmermann Note and imperialism.
D) the Lend Lease Act.

Question 52

The "land" in Lenin's "Peace, land, and bread" referred to

A) Russian annexation of Manchuria.
B) nationalization of land.
C) collectivization of agriculture.
D) a strictly agrarian economy.

Question 53

Who was France's prime minister during WWI?

A) Édouard Daladier
B) Georges Clemenceau
C) Philippe Pétain
D) Charles de Gaulle

Question 54

What were the reparations demanded by some of the Allies following World War I?

A) payments to be paid to the Allies for damage done during the war
B) seizure of lands taken by Germany during the war
C) extradition of Germans to France
D) higher tariffs imposed on Germany to compensate for war damage

Question 55

The Bolsheviks defeated the Mensheviks in the Russian Revolution.

Question 56

Austria attempted to avoid war by offering a reasonable ultimatum to Serbia.

Question 57

Russia borrowed heavily from France to support new enterprises and build railways in the early 1900s.

Question 58

The Fourteen Points were proposed by Germany at the end of the Great War.

Question 59

The overall commander of Allied forces in 1918 was

A) George Clemenceau.
B) Ferdinand Foch.
C) Philippe Pétain.
D) Winston Churchill.

Question 60

The Bolsheviks took power in Russia by defeating

A) Germany.
B) Nicholas II.
C) the Provisional Government.
D) the Petrograd Soviet.

Question 61

What was the immediate trigger for World War I?

Question 62

Taxi cab drivers brought soldiers to the front lines as the Germans neared the Marne River near Paris.

Question 63

Discuss the Russian Revolution that caused Russia to withdraw from World War I.

Question 64

What was promised to Mexico in the Zimmerman Note?

Question 65

Discuss the problems facing the government of Nicholas II.

Question 66

Why was St. Petersburg renamed?

Question 67

What were the two governments that emerged in Russia following the end of the monarchy?

Question 68

Trench warfare became commonplace on the war's eastern front.

Question 69

Evaluate the role of European colonial possessions in World War I.

Question 70

On what basis did the German government ask for a truce?

Question 71

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk took Russia out of the war.

Question 72

Which country employed a fleet of U-boats that sank merchant, passenger, and battleships?

Question 73

Discuss the origins of the Bosnian Crisis and how it let to World War I.

Question 74

Who stopped the German advance at Belleau Wood?

Question 75

What was the stance of Spain in World War I?

Question 76

Discuss the reasons for American entry into World War I.

Question 77

When did the United States enter the war?

Question 78

Germany's battle strategy hinged on defeating Russia in the first weeks of the war.

Question 79

In which of these countries did soldiers mutiny in large numbers in 1917?

Question 80

Serbia's response to Austria was so conciliatory that it surprised even the Germans.