Deck 36: Reform and Revolution in Latin America, 1914-Present

Question 1

By 1944, the busiest air base in the world was on land leased to the United States by

A) Chile.
B) Argentina.
C) Brazil.
D) Mexico.

Answer 1

Brazil.

Question 2

Argentina's army overthrew the civil government in 1943 because

A) the government was about to declare war against Germany.
B) the government was about to declare war against the United States.
C) Argentina was losing the war.
D) Argentina's pacifism was causing them to be largely isolated.

Answer 2

the government was about to declare war against Germany.

Question 3

Which country sent submarines to patrol the Caribbean, thus freeing American submarines to concentrate on the war against Japan?

A) Chile
B) Argentina
C) Brazil
D) Mexico

Answer 3

Brazil

Question 4

The Brazilian steel industry was built around a complete steel plant given to Brazil by

A) Britain.
B) the United States.
C) Spain.
D) Germany.

Question 5

What was the impact of World War I on Latin America?

A) nonexistent
B) slight
C) moderate
D) devastating

Question 6

The Monroe Doctrine claimed which of these for the United States?

A) a vested interest in Latin America
B) control of Latin America
C) a role as protector of Latin America
D) the right to intervene in Latin America

Question 7

By 1900, Argentina had linked to the global economy primarily by

A) encouraging tax-free investments.
B) exporting agricultural products.
C) exporting inexpensive manufactured goods.
D) providing inexpensive labor to industrialized nations.

Question 8

Military regimes took hold in several Latin American states in the 1970s in response to

A) the spread of Communism.
B) economic instability.
C) the spread of socialism.
D) the Great Depression.

Question 9

In the early 1900s foreign investment in Latin America was generally in

A) coffee and sugar plantations.
B) infrastructure.
C) industry.
D) the technology industry.

Question 10

Argentina declared war on Japan and Germany

A) because Japan attacked an Argentine submarine.
B) to get a seat in the United Nations.
C) because Brazil asked them to help.
D) because Chile declared war on the side of Japan.

Question 11

Which Latin American nation earned a seat at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 by its participation in World War I?

A) Argentina
B) Chile
C) Brazil
D) Mexico

Question 12

Which Latin American nation became a haven for escaped Nazis after WWII?

A) Chile
B) Argentina
C) Brazil
D) Mexico

Question 13

Which two Latin American nations played the most significant roles in World War II?

A) Chile and Argentina
B) Mexico and Brazil
C) Chile and Brazil
D) Argentina and Brazil

Question 14

Industrialization in Latin America was promoted after 1930 to achieve what goal?

A) greater political stability
B) democratization
C) social reform
D) independence from global financial conditions

Question 15

Who were the braceros, brought to the United States in World War II?

A) labor leaders
B) Latin American factory workers
C) migrant agricultural workers
D) illegal immigrants from Latin America

Question 16

After World War I, the United States reduced their imports of copper and nitrates, hurting the economy of

A) Chile.
B) Argentina.
C) Mexico.
D) Brazil.

Question 17

Industrialization brought which of these social changes to much of Latin America?

A) greater social stratification
B) a dominant military
C) stronger working classes
D) a dominant middle class

Question 18

In 1900, which country had an extensive network of railroads?

A) Colombia
B) Argentina
C) Brazil
D) Bolivia

Question 19

The chief economic problem in Latin America in the 1980s was

A) massive unemployment.
B) excessive debt to foreign banks.
C) failure to diversify.
D) lack of infrastructure.

Question 20

Which of these motivated the United States to support military dictatorships in Latin America in the 1960s and 1970s?

A) the drug war
B) the Cold War
C) to protect American investments
D) the Monroe Doctrine

Question 21

Perón enjoyed great support among Argentina's

A) business owners.
B) workers.
C) doctors.
D) lawyers.

Question 22

Descamisados were

A) Latin American communists.
B) manual laborers in Argentina.
C) Brazilian gangs.
D) Chilean gangs.

Question 23

The Tupamaros of Uruguay were an example of what feature that became part of Latin American life in the 1960s and 1970s?

A) labor uprisings
B) urban terrorism
C) Communist movements
D) student demonstrations

Question 24

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine claimed which of these for the United States?

A) military bases in Latin America
B) a protectorate over Cuba
C) the right to intervene for a wide variety of reasons
D) control over the U.S.-Mexico border

Question 25

"Fifty years progress in five" was the slogan of

A) Juan Perón.
B) Getúlio Vargas.
C) Jânio Quadros.
D) Juscelino Kubitschek.

Question 26

What was strengthened by the reforms undertaken by Getúlio Vargas in the 1930s?

A) the municipalities
B) state governors
C) the military
D) the presidency

Question 27

In 1965, the Johnson administration sent Marines abroad because they wrongly believed that communists were staging a revolution in

A) Cuba.
B) Puerto Rico.
C) Haiti.
D) the Dominican Republic.

Question 28

Who was the influential Argentinean writer who was fired from his government job by Juan Perón?

A) Isabel Allende
B) Pablo Neruda
C) Jorge Luís Borges
D) Gabriel García Márquez

Question 29

UCR candidate Hipólito Yrigoyen was a reformist leader

A) Brazil.
B) Chile.
C) Nicaragua.
D) Argentina.

Question 30

Between 1964 and 1985, Brazil was ruled by

A)a series of weak and ineffective presidents.
B) a liberal democracy.
C) a Communist regime.
D) a brutal military dictatorship.

Question 31

The Good Neighbor Policy was initiated by

A) Theodore Roosevelt.
B) Franklin Roosevelt.
C) Woodrow Wilson.
D) Dwight Eisenhower.

Question 32

The Platt Amendment gave unprecedented powers to the American government to intervene in

A) Puerto Rico.
B) the Philippines.
C) Mexico.
D) Cuba.

Question 33

The Good Neighbor Policy represented

A) a policy of economic sanctions.
B) a move away from interference in Latin American internal affairs.
C) a shift to gunboat diplomacy.
D) a move towards deeper involvement in Latin American politics.

Question 34

Which man spoke of a "third way" between communism and capitalism?

A) Fidel Castro
B) Salvador Allende
C) Hugo Chavez
D) Juan Perón

Question 35

The Reagan administration confronted a grassroots Communist movement in

A) Cuba.
B) Haiti.
C) Nicaragua.
D) Brazil.

Question 36

After WWI, which South American nation emerged as the most powerful and prosperous?

A) Argentina
B) Brazil
C) Chile
D) Ecuador

Question 37

The Cuban Missile Crisis led to all of these EXCEPT

A) Kennedy promised to withdraw missiles from Turkey.
B) The United States promised not to invade Cuba.
C) The Soviet Union dismantled launch pads in Cuba.
D) Fidel Castro's regime ended.

Question 38

Which of these threatened the economy of Brazil in the 1920s and 1930s?

A) overdependence on global markets
B) lack of useful commodities
C) rampant diversification
D) close economic ties to Mexico

Question 39

The focus of "Fifty Years of Progress in Five" was building

A) the military.
B) industry and infrastructure.
C) social equality.
D) agriculture.

Question 40

Which of these was the name given to action based on the Roosevelt Corollary?

A) dollar diplomacy
B) gunboat diplomacy
C) the Good Neighbor Policy
D) the Monroe Doctrine

Question 41

The first non-PRI Mexican president since 1929 was

A) Vicente Fox.
B) Francisco Madero.
C) Porfirio Díaz.
D) Lázaro Cárdenas.

Question 42

After the death of Allende, which man ruled Chile as a dictator for seventeen years?

A) Getúlio Vargas
B) José Balmaceda
C) Augusto Pinochet
D) Hugo Chavez

Question 43

Who were the victims of the Tlatelolco Massacre?

A) democratically elected officials in Brazil
B) mine workers in Chile
C) student protesters in Mexico
D) striking truck drivers in Argentina

Question 44

Brazil's coffee trade was severely weakened in the 1970s by

A) increased tariffs.
B) low global prices.
C) an unusual killing freeze.
D) decreased world demand.

Question 45

The Chilean counterpart of Argentina's Jorge Luís Borges was

A) Gabriel García Márquez
B) Isabel Allende
C) Pablo Neruda
D) Gabriela Mistral

Question 46

Evita Perón died of uterine cancer because she would not speak of her symptoms to her doctor.

Question 47

Mexico's economy stabilized in the 1990s as a result of a $20 billion loan from

A) Britain.
B) the United States.
C) Saudi Arabia.
D) Venezuela.

Question 48

Which of these was assured by the structure of the Mexican Institutional Revolutionary Party (PR

A) elite rule
B) political fragmentation
C) a broad social base
D) political instability

Question 49

Liberation theology, unlike traditional Catholicism, has a strong

A) social message.
B) political aspect.
C) power to unify.
D) ethical message.

Question 50

In Brazil, higher education is reserved to a tiny minority, with what effect?

A) The country has experienced a "brain drain".
B) Industrialization has been slow in Brazil.
C) Social mobility is severely curtailed.
D) High tech companies tend not to thrive in the country.

Question 51

The term machismo refers to the Iberian concept of feminine submission.

Question 52

Which of the following best describes the Pinochet Regime?

A) It was a popular democratic Argentine government.
B) It was a violent and oppressive Chilean government.
C) It was a left wing regime in Brazil.
D) It ended with a violent revolution.

Question 53

Juan Perón gave increased wages and benefits to Argentina's workers, earning him their loyalty and support.

Question 54

Lula - Luís Inacio da Silva - differed from earlier Brazilian presidents in being

A) a military leader.
B) democratically elected.
C) from a humble background.
D) of Amerind ancestry.

Question 55

Chile's economy was volatile in the early 1900s due to

A) fluctuating demand for its mineral resources.
B) changes in the coffee market.
C) lack of exportable commodities.
D) labor shortages.

Question 56

The bloodiest military takeover in South American history occurred in 1973 in

A) Argentina.
B) Chile.
C) Colombia.
D) Brazil.

Question 57

Who became Mexico's leader after the ouster of Díaz in 1911?

A) Vicente Fox
B) Francisco Madero
C) Emiliano Zapata
D) Benito Juárez

Question 58

Which leader worked in the late 1800s to modernize Mexico?

A) Vicente Fox
B) Francisco Madero
C) Porfirio Díaz
D) Emiliano Zapata

Question 59

Brazil's greatest national celebrity from the late 1950s to today is Pelé, who won fame as a

A) mayor of Rio de Janeiro.
B) wealthy industrialist.
C) movie start.
D) soccer player.

Question 60

Vicente Fox had difficulty getting his legislation passed because

A) he was Protestant.
B) the PRI held congressional power.
C) he was widely suspected of financial corruption.
D) he enjoyed too close a close relationship with President Bush.

Question 61

In the 1960s and 1970s, the United States often supported dictators in Latin America because they were afraid that their overthrow would lead to Communist revolutions.

Question 62

Which political system did Brazil, Argentina and Chile all adopt between 1983 and 1990?

Question 63

What was the name of the American policy that denied European powers the right to establish colonies in Latin America?

Question 64

Who is widely labeled as Brazil's most astute political leader of the twentieth century?

Question 65

Which Western nation supported Pinochet when all of the rest began to call for his overthrow?

Question 66

Who was the prime minister of Great Britain during its war over the Falkland Islands?

Question 67

Why was Brazil's rubber market devastated in the 1920s?

Question 68

Salvador Allende committed suicide rather than resign his post and go into exile.

Question 69

What type of political and economic system was adopted by Salvador Allende's freely elected government?

Question 70

Brazil returned to civilian, democratic government in 1960.

Question 71

The "Moral Supremacy of the No" campaign ended which Latin American leader's dictatorship?

Question 72

Discuss the "Dirty War" including its causes and results.

Question 73

Juan Perón was exiled to Spain but later recalled because his successors were ineffective.

Question 74

Since the 1960s, the "population explosion" in Latin America has doomed the region to perpetual poverty

Question 75

Evaluate the role of Juan Perón in Argentine politics.

Question 76

NAFTA was designed to facilitate free trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Question 77

Who was the corrupt and unpopular Mexican president who ended the 80 year run of the PRI?

Question 78

Evita Perón was generally hated after her death.

Question 79

Evaluate the changing gender roles in Latin America.

Question 80

Which Latin American nation became a safe haven for Nazis following World War II?