Deck 13: Finding Differences

Question 1

When testing for the differences between two percentages,a computed z value that is larger than the critical z value (i.e.+or -1.96)amounts to no support for:

A)a significant difference
B)the null hypothesis
C)the alternative hypothesis
D)null alternative
E)none of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When your XL Data Analyst compares the percentages of two groups and reports that the support for the hypothesis that the two percents are equal is Not Supported,this means:

A)the two percentages are equal
B)there is no significant difference between the two percentages
C)the percentages are the same but there is a difference between the groups
D)the two percentages are significantly different
E)the two percentages are average

Answer 2

D

Question 3

40% women video renters buy snacks; 65% male video renters buy snacks.A computed z of 4.5 is calculated.Assuming the critical value of z is + or - 1.96,this means:

A)nothing; z does not determine anything
B)the null hypothesis is not supported; there is a true difference between the two percentages
C)the null hypothesis is supported; there is a true difference between the two percentages
D)the alternative hypothesis is not supported; there is a true difference between the two percentages
E)the null alternative is supported; there is a true difference between the two percentages

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When using XL Data Analyst to compare two mutually exclusive groups as to their respective percentage on a category of some variable,the approach sequence of commands is:

A)COMPARE-GROUPS PERCENTAGES-EXCLUSIVE
B)COMPARE-GROUP-PERCENTAGE
C)SUMMARIZE-2 GROUP PERCENTS
D)COMPARE-2 GROUP PERCENTS
E)COMPARE-MUTUALLY-EXCLUSIVE-GROUPS

Question 5

When using XL Data Analyst to compare two mutually exclusive groups as to their respective percentage on a category,the ________ variable is the variable on which the groups will be compared.

A)target
B)grouping
C)independent
D)group
E)segmenting

Question 6

Assume a survey asks teens: "How many 20 oz.sports drinks do you drink in a week?" If you wanted to compare the answers you would test for the difference between two:

A)averages
B)percentages
C)metrics
D)brands of sports drinks
E)hypothesized values

Question 7

________ holds that within a product market,there are different types of consumers who have dissimilar requirements,and these differences can be the bases of marketing strategies.

A)Marketing
B)Promotion mix
C)Market segmentation
D)Product differentiation
E)Channel of distribution strategy

Question 8

65% of males bought a snack when they rented a DVD and 40% of females bought a snack when they rented a DVD.This is an example where a researcher would:

A)determine if there is a difference between the average of two populations
B)determine if there is a difference between the percentages of two populations
C)determine if there is a significant association between the two populations
D)determine if there is a difference between males and females in terms of the types of snacks purchased
E)determine if there is a difference between DVD renters and non-renters in terms of snacks

Question 9

To test whether a true difference exists between two group percentages,we test the ________ that the difference in their population parameters is zero.

A)male female
B)null parameter
C)null parameter
D)null alternative
E)all of the above

Question 10

When a marketing researcher compares two groups of respondents to determine whether or not there are statistically significant differences between them,the researcher is considering them to be two independent ________.

A)samples
B)segments
C)channels
D)clusters
E)populations

Question 11

When testing for the differences between two percentages,the formula subtracts the differences between the two percentages and divides this difference by the standard error of the difference between two:

A)groups
B)averages
C)differences
D)percentages
E)people

Question 12

Which of the following marketing concepts is an important reason for analyzing differences?

A)new product development
B)market segmentation
C)channel of distribution strategy
D)promotion mix
E)product differentiation

Question 13

When using XL Data Analyst to compare two mutually exclusive groups as to their respective percentage on a category of some variable,you must define:

A)a grouping variable to identify groups and a target variable
B)a target variable to identify groups and no other variable
C)a grouping variable on which the percentages are calculated
D)the hypothesized value
E)none of the above; XL Data Analyst cannot perform this task

Question 14

In conducting tests of differences between two percentages:

A)directional hypotheses are also feasible
B)directional hypotheses are not feasible
C)only alternative hypotheses may be tested
D)only null alternatives are feasible
E)all of the above are true

Question 15

When testing for the differences between two averages the s1 in the formula stands for:

A)the size of sample 1
B)survey 1
C)the average of sample 1
D)standard deviation of sample 1
E)standard error of sample 100

Question 16

A researcher may want to compare:

A)two percentages
B)two averages
C)one percentage with one average
D)either a or b
E)none of the above; researchers cannot make comparisons

Question 17

When testing for the differences between two averages the formula subtracts the differences between the two averages and divides this difference by the standard error of the difference between two:

A)groups
B)averages
C)differences
D)percentages
E)people

Question 18

To perform the test of significance of differences between two percentages,each representing a separate group (sample),the first step requires:

A)that the arithmetic difference between the two percentages be translated into a number of standard errors away from the hypothesized value of zero
B)a comparison of the two percentages
C)a computation of z by dividing the difference between the two sample percentages by the standard error of the difference between percents
D)determining whether the null hypothesis is supported or not supported at your chosen level of confidence
E)reviewing the normal curve

Question 19

When testing whether a true difference exists between two group percentages,the ________ hypothesis is that there is a true difference between the two group percentages (or averages)that we are comparing.

A)null
B)true
C)accurate
D)alternative
E)independent

Question 20

When comparing,a categorical scale requires that the researcher compare:

A)percentages
B)averages
C)standard deviations
D)standard errors
E)associations

Question 21

When a researcher wants to compare the averages of several (more than two)groups,he or she should use:

A)multiple tests of differences between two averages
B)three way differences tests
C)analysis of variance
D)analysis of covariance
E)multiple z tests

Question 22

A marketing researcher is always hoping for the null hypothesis to not be supported.

Question 23

When using XL Data Analyst to compare two groups averages,the sequence of commands is:

A)COMPARE-GROUPS AVERAGES-EXCLUSIVE
B)COMPARE-GROUP-AVERAGE
C)SUMMARIZE-2 GROUP AVERAGE
D)COMPARE-2 GROUP AVERAGES
E)COMPARE-2 GROUP MEANS

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT true of ANOVA?

A)The use of the word variance in the name "analysis of variance" is misleading.
B)The standard deviations are taken into consideration.
C)Fundamentally, ANOVA (analysis of variance)is an investigation of the differences between the group averages to determine whether sampling errors or true population differences explain their failure to be equal.
D)ANOVA is an analysis of the standard deviations of the groups.
E)When a researcher wants to compare the averages of several different groups, ANOVA should be used to accomplish such multiple comparisons.

Question 25

________ significance depends on whether or not there is a managerial application that uses the difference.

A)Practical
B)Statistical
C)Modest
D)Critical
E)Day-to-day

Question 26

You may have statistical significance and still not have:

A)practical significance
B)large z values
C)small p values
D)small differences
E)average x values

Question 27

To determine if more than two groups averages are significantly different using XL Data Analyst we would use which command?

A)Compare-ANOVA-Averages
B)Differences-ANOVA
C)Compare-3+ Group Averages
D)Compare-2 Group Averages
E)Compare-ANOVA-Groups

Question 28

ANOVA's ________ hypothesis is that none of all possible group-to-group averages is significantly different: that is,there is not one single significant difference that exists between any possible pair of groups.

A)alternative
B)accurate
C)null
D)true
E)independent

Question 29

When you are comparing the averages on two variables for significant differences,which of the following is true?

A)The scales of measurement should be the same on both questions.
B)Since the same respondents answered both questions (variables)you do not have independent samples.
C)You have two independent questions and one group.
D)all of the above are true
E)none of the above are true

Question 30

When you are comparing the averages on two variables for significant differences,which of the following sequences of commands should you use in XL Data Analyst?

A)COMPARE-2+ GROUP-AVERAGES
B)SUMMARIZE-2+ GROUP-PERCENTAGES
C)GENERALIZE-2 VARIABLE AVERAGES
D)COMPARE-2 VARIABLE AVERAGES
E)COMPARE-DIFFERENCES-2 VARIABLES

Question 31

What is the label for the output for comparing the averages on two variables among the same sample member?

A)Two Paired Variable Averages Differences Test Analysis Results
B)Three Independent Variable Averages Differences Test Analysis Results
C)Two Independent Variable Averages Differences Test Analysis Results
D)all of the above are used; the output label changes depending on the variables tested
E)none of the above are used; the output label is unknowable

Question 32

If a researcher wanted to know if there are differences between coupon users and non-coupon users,he/she could use tests for differences between two groups.

Question 33

ANOVA is an efficient way to compare:

A)two groups averages
B)two groups percentages
C)three or more groups variances
D)three or more groups averages
E)three or more groups percentages

Question 34

A statistically significant difference means:

A)there is practical significance
B)the differences would remain in a large number of trials if we repeated the survey over many times
C)the p values are very large
D)the z values are very small
E)the x values are average

Question 35

In your XL Data Analyst output for ANOVA,an "Equal" notation means:

A)that there is a significant difference between the two averages
B)that there is no support for the null hypothesis that the two group averages are equal
C)the two groups were identical in that particular category
D)there is no "Equal" notation in the ANOVA output
E)an "Equal" notation has nothing to do with the difference in group averages

Question 36

Output for ANOVA in XL Data Analyst shows you which pairs of averages are:

A)practically different
B)significantly different
C)managerially significant
D)only average
E)none of the above; ANOVA compares percentages

Question 37

When a marketing researcher compares two groups of respondents to determine whether or not there are statistically significant differences between them,the researcher is considering them as though two independent surveys were administered,one for each group.

Question 38

Which of the following is true of the word "variance" in analysis of variance?

A)It refers to differences between standard deviations.
B)It is misleading.
C)It is used to determine significance.
D)It refers only to within variance.
E)It is used because the test is designed to determine the differences between more than 4 variances.

Question 39

If a pharmaceuticals company was seeking to improve its cold remedy medication,a survey could be used to determine,"How important is it that your cold remedy relieves your ________?" using a 10-point scale of 1=not important to 10=very important for each of several cold symptoms such as "congestion," "cough," or "runny nose." The researcher would then want to look for significant differences between the averages of two ________.

A)groups
B)z tests
C)variables
D)group differences
E)hypothetical t values

Question 40

Market difference testing holds that within a product market,there are different types of consumers who have dissimilar requirements,and these differences can be the bases of marketing strategies.

Question 41

If we wanted to know if there was a statistically significant difference between males and females on the average number of soft drinks they consumed during a week and our test calculated a z of 6.43,this would mean there was no difference in the average number of drinks consumed between the two groups.

Question 42

When testing the difference between the percentages of two groups,XL Data Analyst performs this task by the command: Compare-4+ Group Percents.

Question 43

When comparing differences between the percentages of two groups and our z is 1.98 at the 95% level of confidence,we may conclude the two percentages are significantly different.

Question 44

The output for ANOVA in your XL Data Analyst software provides a table that shows you group averages and which are significantly different if ANOVA finds the null hypothesis is not supported.

Question 45

If the XL Data Analyst has reported that the hypothesis of equal percents (the null hypothesis)is "not supported," then there is a true difference between the two group percentages.

Question 46

When we test for the differences between percentages for two groups the null hypothesis is that the difference in the two group's population parameters is over 30.

Question 47

Statistical significance is the same thing as practical significance.

Question 48

Analysis of variance is used to test the difference between percentages between more than two groups.

Question 49

The word "variance" in the name "analysis of variance" is misleading.

Question 50

ANOVA is not an analysis of the standard deviations of the groups.

Question 51

When the difference is deemed to be important and useful to the marketing manager,then it has practical significance.

Question 52

The apex of the sampling distribution of the difference between two percents is zero to represent the null hypothesis.

Question 53

The proper command sequence to run ANOVA using your XL Data Analyst software is: COMPARE-3+ GROUP AVERAGES.

Question 54

The formula for comparing differences between the percentages of two groups uses the percentages from each group in the numerator.

Question 55

If we wanted to know if there was a statistically significant difference between males and females on the average number of soft drinks they consumed during a week we would be testing for the difference between averages for two groups.

Question 56

There is an appropriate test to compare two averages when there are no groups such as male v.female.The test calculates differences between the averages of two different variables.

Question 57

When testing the difference between the averages of two groups,XL Data Analyst performs this task by the command: Compare-2 Group Averages.

Question 58

Because we have two samples when testing the significance of the difference between two percentages instead of the one that we worked with for a hypothesis test,the standard error term is calculated differently,called the standard error of the difference between two percentages.

Question 59

Directional hypotheses are NOT feasible in the case of tests of statistically significant differences.

Question 60

When testing the difference between the percentages of two groups,XL Data Analyst requires users to enter both the grouping variable and the target variable.

Question 61

In reporting group differences to clients,marketing researchers often construct a group comparison table that summarizes the significant differences in an efficient manner.

Question 62

In your XL Data Analyst software,the test to determine the difference between the averages of two variables has output that reads: Two Paired Variable Averages Differences Test Analysis Results.

Question 63

In testing for significant differences between the averages of two variables,two variables should be measured on the same metric scale.

Question 64

When the researcher is reporting differences found from ANOVA,the table presentation becomes more challenging as there can be overlaps of nonsignificant differences and significant differences.