Deck 3: Host-Microorganism Interactions

Question 1

A human infection that results from a microorganism that primarily infects animal populations is referred to as

A)an accidental infection.
B)a zoonotic infection.
C)a secondary infection.
D)a vector infection.

Answer 1

B
Some microorganisms primarily infect animal populations but can occasionally infect humans in what is called a zoonotic infection.

Question 2

Cells that ingest and destroy bacteria and other foreign particles are called

A)phagocytes.
B)polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
C)neutrophils.
D)macrophages.
E)All of the above are correct.

Answer 2

E
All the cells listed are nonspecific cellular responses to foreign particles that invade the human body.

Question 3

The first antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered is

A)IgG.
B)IgA.
C)IgM.
D)IgE.

Answer 3

C
The five different classes of antibody each has its distinctive molecular configuration and are involved in the immune reaction in a different way. IgM is the first antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered.

Question 4

Infectious processes that develop and progress slowly are known as

A)chronic infections.
B)latent infections.
C)acute infections.
D)nosocomial infections.

Question 5

The antibody that is secreted in various body fluids and primarily protects those body surfaces lined with mucous membranes is

A)IgG.
B)IgA.
C)IgM.
D)IgE.

Question 6

The antibody that is associated with various parasitic infections is

A)IgG.
B)IgA.
C)IgM.
D)IgE.

Question 7

Proper handwashing and hygiene by hospital staff is essential in preventing what type of infections?

A)Chronic infections
B)Latent infections
C)Acute infections
D)Nosocomial infections

Question 8

A group of biochemicals known as cytokines serve to

A)increase blood flow to the area of infection and can also effectively wall off the infection through the production of barrier substances.
B)attract and enhance the activities of phagocytes.
C)have substantial effects on the antiinfective activities of other cells.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 9

Infectious processes that develop quickly are referred to as

A)chronic infections.
B)latent infections.
C)acute infections.
D)nosocomial infections.

Question 10

Cells that live a day or less circulating in blood and tissues and are usually the first cells on the scene of bacterial invasion are called

A)monocytes.
B)polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
C)lymphocytes.
D)macrophages.
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 11

Specific proteins produced by cells of the immune system in response to the presence of foreign molecules that circulate in the serum and are present in secretions such as saliva are called

A)antigens.
B)immunoglobulins.
C)cytokines.
D)phagogens.

Question 12

Which immune system cells destroy infected or malignant host cells?

A)B lymphocytes
B)T lymphocytes
C)Natural killer cells
D)Neutrophils

Question 13

Nosocomial infections are those that

A)develop and progress slowly.
B)develop quickly.
C)are contracted in the hospital environment.
D)develop quickly but last longer.

Question 14

Which immune system cells primarily function as antibody producers and originate from stem cells?

A)B lymphocytes
B)T lymphocytes
C)Natural killer cells
D)Neutrophils

Question 15

Chronic infections are those that

A)develop and progress slowly.
B)develop quickly.
C)are contracted in the hospital environment.
D)develop quickly but last longer.

Question 16

The coagulation system serves to

A)increase blood flow to the area of infection and can also effectively wall off the infection through the production of barrier substances.
B)attract and enhance the activities of phagocytes.
C)provide substances secreted by one type of cell that have substantial effects on the antiinfective activities of other cells.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 17

The complement system serves to

A)increase blood flow to the area of infection and can also effectively wall off the infection through the production of barrier substances.
B)attract and enhance the activities of phagocytes.
C)provide substances secreted by one type of cell that have substantial effects on the antiinfective activities of other cells.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 18

The persistent survival of microorganisms on a surface of the human body is called

A)infection.
B)colonization.
C)nosocomial infection.
D)a reservoir.

Question 19

Swelling, redness, heat, and pain are all manifestations of

A)nosocomial infection.
B)inflammation.
C)bacterial colonization.
D)coagulation.

Question 20

Testing for blood levels of circulating antibody is often done to detect an acute infection.Which antibody is the target of the testing process?

A)IgG
B)IgA
C)IgM
D)IgE

Question 21

IgM is

A)the first antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered.
B)the antibody that is associated with various parasitic infections.
C)the antibody that is secreted in various body fluids and primarily protects those body surfaces lined with mucous membranes.
D)the second antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered and the most abundant.

Question 22

Latent infections are those that

A)develop and progress slowly.
B)develop quickly and end sooner.
C)exist as a silent phase in which the agent is causing no notable effect.
D)develop quickly but last longer.

Question 23

IgG is

A)the first antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered.
B)the antibody that is associated with various parasitic infections.
C)the antibody that is secreted in various body fluids and primarily protects those body surfaces lined with mucous membranes.
D)the second antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered and the most abundant.

Question 24

IgA is

A)the first antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered.
B)the antibody that is associated with various parasitic infections.
C)the antibody that is secreted in various body fluids and primarily protects those body surfaces lined with mucous membranes.
D)the second antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered and the most abundant.

Question 25

IgE is

A)the first antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered.
B)the antibody that is associated with various parasitic infections.
C)the antibody that is secreted in various body fluids and primarily protects those body surfaces lined with mucous membranes.
D)the second antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered and the most abundant.

Question 26

Acute infections are those that

A)develop and progress slowly.
B)develop quickly.
C)exist as a silent phase in which the agent is causing no notable effect.
D)develop quickly and last longer.