Question 1

Antimicrobial resistance resulting from the normal genetic, structural, or physiologic state of a microorganism is referred to as&#10;A)intrinsic resistance.&#10;B)inherent resistance.&#10;C)microorganism mediated resistance.&#10;D)All of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic resistance is considered to be a natural and consistently inherited characteristic that is associated with the vast majority of strains that constitute either a particular bacterial group, genus, or species.

Question 2

The mechanism of acquired, high-level resistance to vancomycin involves&#10;A)enzymatic destruction of the antibiotics.&#10;B)altered antibiotic targets.&#10;C)decreased intracellular uptake of the drug.&#10;D)the production of altered cell wall precursors that do not bind the antibiotic with sufficient avidity.

Accepted Answer

The mechanism involves altered cell wall precursors that do not bind vancomycin with sufficient avidity to allow inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesizing enzymes. The altered targets are readily incorporated into the cell wall so that synthesis progresses as usual.

Question 3

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
a.Cell wall synthesis inhibition
b.Cell membrane function inhibition
c.Protein synthesis inhibition
d.DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition
Ciprofloxacin

Accepted Answer

Vancomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of the peptidoglycan precursor molecule and preventing elongation of the peptidoglycan chain.

Question 4

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
a.Cell wall synthesis inhibition
b.Cell membrane function inhibition
c.Protein synthesis inhibition
d.DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition
Ciprofloxacin

Accepted Answer

Rifampin inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to the beta subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase, blocking the initiation of transcription.

Question 5

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
a.Cell wall synthesis inhibition
b.Cell membrane function inhibition
c.Protein synthesis inhibition
d.DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition
Ciprofloxacin

Accepted Answer

Gentamicin inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosome and preventing the formation of functional proteins.

Question 6

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
a.Cell wall synthesis inhibition
b.Cell membrane function inhibition
c.Protein synthesis inhibition
d.DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition
Ciprofloxacin

Accepted Answer

Ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, specifically by targeting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are enzymes involved in DNA replication and repair.

Question 7

Bacterial resistance to beta-lactams may be mediated by&#10;A)enzymatic destruction of the antibiotics.&#10;B)altered antibiotic targets.&#10;C)decreased intracellular uptake of the drug.&#10;D)All of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

All three pathways listed play an important role in clinically relevant antibacterial resistance, but bacterial destruction of beta-lactams by producing beta-lactamases is by far the most common method of resistance.

Question 8

Antibiotic resistance that results from altered cellular physiology and structure caused by changes in a microorganism's usual genetic makeup is known as&#10;A)intrinsic resistance.&#10;B)inherent resistance.&#10;C)acquired resistance.&#10;D)environmentally mediated resistance.

Accepted Answer

Acquired resistance mechanisms are all genetically encoded; therefore the methods for acquisition are those that allow for gene change or exchange. Resistance may be acquired by genetic mutation, gene transfer mechanisms, or a combination of mutational and gene transfer events.

Question 9

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
a.Cell wall synthesis inhibition
b.Cell membrane function inhibition
c.Protein synthesis inhibition
d.DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition
Ciprofloxacin

Accepted Answer

Tetracycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of ribosomes, preventing the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA molecules to the ribosome and thus blocking the elongation of the polypeptide chain.

Question 10

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
a.Cell wall synthesis inhibition
b.Cell membrane function inhibition
c.Protein synthesis inhibition
d.DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition
Ciprofloxacin

Accepted Answer

Penicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and disrupting the enzymes responsible for cross-linking the peptidoglycan layers in bacterial cell walls. This leads to weakened cell walls and eventual lysis of the bacteria.

Question 11

Antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial growth but generally do not kill the organism are known as&#10;A)bactericidal.&#10;B)antibiotic.&#10;C)bacteriostatic.&#10;D)All of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial growth but...

Question 12

Antimicrobial agents that usually kill target organisms are said to be&#10;A)bactericidal.&#10;B)antibiotic.&#10;C)bacteriostatic.&#10;D)All of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antimicrobial agents that usually kill target organisms...

Question 13

Mycoplasmas are organisms without cell walls.Which antimicrobials would be ineffective in treating infections involving this bacterium?&#10;A)Tetracycline&#10;B)Aminoglycosides&#10;C)Penicillin&#10;D)Rifampin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mycoplasmas are organisms without cell walls.Which antimicrobials...

Question 14

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
a.Cell wall synthesis inhibition
b.Cell membrane function inhibition
c.Protein synthesis inhibition
d.DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition
Ciprofloxacin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode...

Deck 11: Principles of Antimicrobial Action Resistance