Question 1

The resident microflora that can colonize the bladder and other structures of the urinary tract is&#10;A)Enterobacteriaceae.&#10;B)yeasts.&#10;C)Propionibacterium acnes.&#10;D)All of the above are correct.&#10;E)None of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

The bladder is normally a sterile site.

Question 2

The most common etiologic agent in uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infection is&#10;A)Escherichia coli.&#10;B)Klebsiella spp.&#10;C)Staphylococcus saprophyticus.&#10;D)Streptococcus pyogenes.

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli is the most frequently isolated agent of uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infections.

Question 3

Mucosal antibacterial properties, a valvelike mechanism, host immune responses, and defensins are all host defense mechanisms found in the&#10;A)digestive tract.&#10;B)upper respiratory tract.&#10;C)urinary tract.&#10;D)genital tract.&#10;E)lower respiratory tract.

Accepted Answer

Host defense mechanisms are often able to eliminate organisms before they cause infection. One such defense is a valvelike mechanism at the junction of the ureter and bladder that prevents the backward flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract.

Question 4

Match the condition with its definition.
a.Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract
b.The isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection
c.Infection of the bladder
d.Dysuria, frequency, and urgency but yielding fewer organisms than 105 colony-forming units of bacteria per milliliter (CFU/mL) urine on culture
e.Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis
Asymptomatic bacteriuria

Accepted Answer

Pyelonephritis refers to inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices, and pelvis and is usually caused by bacterial infection. The typical clinical presentation of an upper urinary tract infection includes fever and flank pain and, frequently, lower tract symptoms such as frequency, urgency, and dysuria. Patients can also exhibit systemic signs of infection such as vomiting, diarrhea, chills, increased heart rate, and lower abdominal pain.

Question 5

Match the condition with its definition.
a.Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract
b.The isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection
c.Infection of the bladder
d.Dysuria, frequency, and urgency but yielding fewer organisms than 105 colony-forming units of bacteria per milliliter (CFU/mL) urine on culture
e.Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis
Asymptomatic bacteriuria

Accepted Answer

Urethritis is a common infection and can be defined as infection of the urethra. Associated symptoms are painful or difficult urination and frequency, and symptoms similar to those associated with lower UTIs.

Question 6

Match the condition with its definition.
a.Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract
b.The isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection
c.Infection of the bladder
d.Dysuria, frequency, and urgency but yielding fewer organisms than 105 colony-forming units of bacteria per milliliter (CFU/mL) urine on culture
e.Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis
Asymptomatic bacteriuria

Accepted Answer

Typically, patients with cystitis (infection of the bladder) complain of dysuria, frequency, and urgency (compelling need to urinate). These symptoms are due not only to inflammation of the bladder but also to multiplication of bacteria in the urine and urethra. Often, there is tenderness and pain over the area of the bladder. In some individuals, the urine is grossly bloody. The patient may note urine cloudiness and a bad odor. Because cystitis is a localized infection, fever and other signs of a systemic illness are usually not present.

Question 7

Match the condition with its definition.
a.Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract
b.The isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection
c.Infection of the bladder
d.Dysuria, frequency, and urgency but yielding fewer organisms than 105 colony-forming units of bacteria per milliliter (CFU/mL) urine on culture
e.Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis
Asymptomatic bacteriuria

Accepted Answer

When there is isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection, this condition is called asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Question 8

Match the condition with its definition.
a.Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract
b.The isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection
c.Infection of the bladder
d.Dysuria, frequency, and urgency but yielding fewer organisms than 105 colony-forming units of bacteria per milliliter (CFU/mL) urine on culture
e.Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and pelvis
Asymptomatic bacteriuria

Accepted Answer

Patients with this syndrome are primarily young, sexually active women, who experience dysuria, frequency, and urgency but yield fewer organisms than 10⁵ colony-forming units of bacteria per milliliter (CFU/mL) urine on culture. Almost 50% of all women who seek medical attention for complaints of symptoms of acute cystitis fall into this group.

Question 9

The term acute urethral syndrome is used to describe a syndrome of symptoms that include&#10;A)greater than 105 CFU/mL of urine, dysuria, and frequent urination.&#10;B)dysuria, frequency, and urgency but that yields fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture.&#10;C)fever and flank pain, dysuria, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, increased heart rate, and lower abdominal pain.&#10;D)dysuria, frequency, and urgency along with tenderness and pain over the area of the bladder.

Accepted Answer

Patients with this syndrome are primarily young, sexually active women, who experience dysuria, frequency, and urgency but yield fewer organisms than 10⁵ colony-forming units of bacteria per milliliter (CFU/mL) urine on culture. Almost 50% of all women who seek medical attention for complaints of symptoms of acute cystitis fall into this group.

Question 10

The most frequent cause of uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infections is&#10;A)Staphylococcus saprophyticus.&#10;B)Klebsiella spp.&#10;C)Escherichia coli.&#10;D)Proteus.

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli is the most frequently isolated agent of uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infections.

Deck 54: Infections of the Urinary Tract