Deck 22: Shadows Over the Pacific: East Asia Under Challenge

Question 1

In 1868, the Meiji shogunate replaced the long-ruling Tokugawa shogunate.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

From 1894 to 1912, women represented 60 percent of the Japanese labor force​.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the nature of the Opium War?

A)It was begun, and won, by China.
B)The Chinese began hostilities as the only means available to them to stop the opium trade of the British.
C)Philippine smugglers used the war to monopolize the Chinese opium trade.
D)The British used Chinese objection to opium importation as a pretext to unilaterally invade China and forcibly open it to Western trade.
E)The war was a competitive confrontation between the Western colonialist nations to determine which would be the most successful at flooding China with opium.

Answer 3

The British used Chinese objection to opium importation as a pretext to unilaterally invade China and forcibly open it to Western trade.

Question 4

The Opium War

A)finally forced China to cease selling opium in India and Singapore.
B)was ended by the Treaty of Taiwan.
C)gave Britain control of Hong Kong.
D)ended with a British defeat.
E)gave China the right to sell opium in India.

Question 5

Hong Xiuquan claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ.

Question 6

In 1800, the Qing or Manchu dynasty was at the height of its power.

Question 7

In spite of the democratic form of Japan's Constitution of 1890, the nation remained under the control of a ruling oligarchy.

Question 8

Lord Macartney's trip to Beijing in 1793

A)resulted in his being refused permission to go to the capital.
B)created a scandal because Macartney tried to sell opium to local businessmen.
C)was the primary action leading to the fall of the Qing.
D)failed, as the Chinese government did not want additional trade with Britain.
E)succeeded in obtaining Hong Kong for Great Britain.

Question 9

To try to increase trade profits in China, the British

A)seized Taiwan as their first Chinese "colony" in 1827.
B)had Lords Macartney and Amherst successfully negotiate broadened British trading rights with the Chinese.
C)invaded China in 1816 and took control of all south China seaports.
D)shipped large amounts of opium into China at a massive profit.
E)replaced the Chinese imperial government with a pro-Western democratic government.

Question 10

Merchants in nineteenth century China relied more heavily on coastal routes to avoid competition from foreign shipping. ​

Question 11

Japanese industrial development in the late nineteenth century was accomplished without significant government involvement.

Question 12

The Treaty of Tianjin

A)allowed Japan to take over Korea.
B)made the Chinese opium trade legal.
C)closed all Chinese ports to foreign trade.
D)gave the British the Liaodong Peninsula in 1875.
E)deprived the Russians of any control in northern China.

Question 13

In the last decades of the nineteenth century in China,

A)Taiwan was taken over by Japan.
B)Qing control over Chinese localities was strengthened.
C)the Manchu rulers made no attempts at reform.
D)Chinese control over outlying regions was strengthened.
E)the Qing dynasty became increasingly popular throughout all levels of Chinese society.

Question 14

In the 1890s, the Boxers expelled the Russians and the Germans from the Liaodong and Shandong peninsulas but failed to drive Britain from Hong Kong.

Question 15

China's weakness in the nineteenth century allowed Russia to force the cession of territories north of Siberia's Amur River.

Question 16

The Manchu Dynasty did not fall because of

A)discreet Japanese economic pressure.
B)pressures placed upon it by Western imperialism.
C)its growing inability to control Chinese society.
D)constant Chinese population growth.
E)pressures brought about by internal corruption and revolt.

Question 17

The Taiping Rebellion

A)began in Tibet and was "created" by Russia.
B)began in Vietnam and spread only into north China.
C)was crushed by a "blended" army of British, French, and United States troops.
D)separated Taiwan from Japanese control.
E)"peaked" with the rebel capture of the old Ming capital of Nanjing.

Question 18

Hong Xiuquan

A)was the Christian leader of the Taiping Rebellion.
B)was a retired houseboy who became emperor in 1855.
C)was angered by government expenditures to widen and deepen the Grand Canal.
D)supported the Qing during the Taiping Rebellion.
E)received overwhelming and continuous support from the West.

Question 19

Which of the following was not a feature of the Treaty of Nanjing?

A)Hong Kong was transferred to British control.
B)The British agreed to stop exporting opium to China.
C)The British obtained the right to begin trading in five Chinese ports.
D)All British citizens in China were granted extraterritorial rights.
E)The British were to be paid an indemnity to cover the cost of the Opium War.

Question 20

In 1906, the Chinese government abolished the civil service examinations. ​

Question 21

The United States president and the admiral he sent to Japan were, respectively,

A)Zachary Taylor and David Farragut.
B)Franklin Pierce and John Paul Jones.
C)Millard Fillmore and David Jones.
D)Millard Fillmore and Matthew Perry.
E)James Buchanan and Abner Doubleday.

Question 22

In a response to the reforms initiated by Emperor Guangxu, all of the following occurred except

A)conservatives turned against him.
B)Cixi successfully took power in Peking.
C)he was made a palace captive by his aunt.
D)the One Hundred Days of Reform failed.
E)democracy took root in China.

Question 23

The Open Door Policy

A)was initiated by the German government.
B)formally terminated the spheres of influence in China.
C)increased Western control over tariffs and quotas within each sphere of influence.
D)served to calm the increasingly frantic pace of Western imperialism in China.
E)was initiated by the United States as an altruistic effort to preserve Chinese independence.

Question 24

The medical doctor who formed the Revive China Society was

A)Cixi.
B)Kang Youwei.
C)Sun Yat-sen.
D)Chiang Kai-shek.
E)Quai Ban-le.

Question 25

All of the following were true about the "Sat-Cho" alliance except that it

A)was militarily "punished" for firing on foreign shipping.
B)was, at first, against the Japanese opening to the West.
C)produced a rebellion that ended the shogunate and brought about the Meiji Restoration.
D)never accepted the fact that Japan had to begin to modernize in order to survive.
E)had a strong military tradition.

Question 26

China's "last emperor" was

A)Mao Zedong.
B)Guangxu.
C)Kuang Hsu.
D)Puyi.
E)Yuan Shikai.

Question 27

The Boxer Rebellion

A)started after a riot initiated by kickboxing fans.
B)was an uprising against foreigners by a secret society opposed to foreign imperialism.
C)was a reaction to the invasion of southwest China by Thai guerrilla troops.
D)successfully occupied Beijing, murdering all of the non-Chinese inhabitants.
E)led to the successful reoccupation of Taiwan by China.

Question 28

A new round of Western territorial demands in China was sparked by the successful 1897 German acquisition of much of the

A)island of Sri Lanka.
B)Shandong Peninsula.
C)Liaodong Peninsula.
D)Korean Peninsula.
E)Weihaiwei Peninsula.

Question 29

With an aroused concern over the emergence of Japanese imperialist power in 1894, the European powers forced the Japanese to

A)assume responsibility for the Philippine islands.
B)give up the Shandong Peninsula to Russia.
C)give up Canton and also Macao.
D)give up their land in eastern Siberia.
E)return the Liaodong Peninsula to China.

Question 30

The "spheres of influence"

A)were set up in Korea and Annam to enhance Chinese power in both areas.
B)were first created when the United States gained control of the island of Chusan in 1848.
C)enabled the Manchus to regain their power base in their Manchurian heartland.
D)were in part the result of local Chinese strongmen selling exclusive economic privileges to foreign governments and their merchants.
E)in fact, never developed in China but did in Korea.

Question 31

In 1894, the Qing went to war with Japan over

A)Tibet.
B)Korea.
C)Vietnam.
D)Laos.
E)Siberia.

Question 32

The Japanese opening to the West resulted from

A)the naval expeditions of Commodore Perry.
B)the diplomatic efforts of Lord Amherst.
C)the aftermath of the Plague of 1853.
D)the vote of a two-thirds majority in the Diet.
E)a collective decision by the pirates of Satsuma and the daimyo of Osaka.

Question 33

Sun's plan for revolution in China called for the overthrow of the Manchu Dynasty, followed initially by the

A)expulsion of foreign missionaries and businessmen.
B)institutionalization of democratic republicanism in China.
C)takeover of China by the military.
D)execution of anyone opposing the revolution.
E)ouster of all foreigners from China.

Question 34

All of the following about the Empress Dowager are correct except that she

A)was power-hungry and self-centered.
B)placed her nephew on the throne and then imprisoned him in a palace coup.
C)had once been an imperial concubine.
D)opposed attempts to significantly strengthen or modernize China.
E)abandoned her Manchu connections and adopted western democracy reforms.

Question 35

Which of the following was not true about the loss of Qing control over its empire in the late nineteenth century?

A)Japan defeated China in a war over Korea in the 1890s.
B)The Russians transferred territories north of the Amur River in Siberia to China.
C)The Tibetans revived their local autonomy.
D)The British and the French removed Burma and Vietnam from their traditional relationship to the Manchu court.
E)The Chinese lost Taiwan to Japan.

Question 36

The United States Secretary of State who proposed the Open Door Policy was

A)Robert LaFollette.
B)John Marshall.
C)Richard Olney.
D)John Hay.
E)Theodore Roosevelt.

Question 37

The Chinese revolution of 1911

A)was the first successful Marxist revolution in history.
B)left a power vacuum in the country due to the collapse of the Manchu Dynasty.
C)was the event that gave reformers the power they needed to immediately establish democracy.
D)was seen by the West as their greatest achievement.
E)was similar to the French Revolution in that soon a Committee of Public Safety ruled China.

Question 38

The Tokugawa regime in Japan maintained formal diplomatic relations only with

A)the Dutch Republic.
B)Korea.
C)Vietnam.
D)China.
E)Cambodia.

Question 39

The treaty of 1858 signed by U.S. consul Townsend Harris and the Japanese accomplished all of the following except

A)increasing the number of Japanese ports in which the Americans could trade and live.
B)providing for the exchange of ministers between the two nations.
C)giving privileges of extraterritoriality to Americans living in Japan.
D)restricting the American presence in Japan to the port of Nagasaki.
E)effectively ending Japan's diplomatic isolation.

Question 40

The capital under the Meiji Restoration was moved from

A)Kyoto to Sapporo.
B)Osaka to Shimonoseki.
C)Tokyo to Nagasaki.
D)Kyoto to Tokyo.
E)Saigon to Wuhan.

Question 41

The new leaders of the Meiji regime accomplished all of the following except they

A)stripped the daimyo of their hereditary privileges.
B)gave key administrative posts to modernizing samurai from the Sat-Cho group.
C)were composed of two groups, the Liberals and the Progressives.
D)established a bicameral legislature with a cabinet actually chosen by the oligarchs.
E)gave the emperor absolute power inasmuch as he was a divine descendent of the Sun Goddess.

Question 42

The vague plans for political modernization under the Meiji Restoration of 1868 were called​

A)​The Declaration of Rights of Citizens.
B)​The Five Point Plan
C)​The Magna Carta
D)​The Charter Oath
E)​The Emancipation Proclamation

Question 43

The Progressive Party in the Meiji government favored which policy? ​

A)​Rapid industrialization to propel agricultural reforms and land redistribution.
B)​Distribution of power between the legislative and executive branches.
C)​Installation of authority vested in parliament in true democracy.
D)​Economic overhauls that granted control of the Japanese infrastructure to the daimyo corporations.
E)​Socialism with a moderated figurehead monarchy.

Question 44

Which of the following does NOT represent a sign of changing times in China for women?​

A)​Increase of educational opportunities for women and girls.
B)​Official discouragement of footbinding.
C)​Women working in factories in Shanghai.
D)​They participated in political rebellions.
E)​Empress Cixi modified the succession system to allow a Qing female ruler.

Question 45

The policy for the self-strengthening movement in China was​

A)​"Expel the foreign devils"
B)​"Bread, Peace and Land"
C)​"East for Essence, West for Practical Use."
D)​"Confucian principals for Chinese strength"
E)​"Dare to know"

Question 46

As a result of the economic transformation with regard to private landownership, much of the rural population​

A)​became endentured serfs.
B)​fled to the cities to become wage workers.
C)​were able to purchase land based on a zaibatsu banking program for peasants.
D)​starved to death.
E)​purchased the right of industrialization ownership through joint stock companies.

Question 47

Japanese culture during the Meiji Restoration

A)was unaffected by foreign influences, unlike the economic and governmental areas of Japanese life.
B)was characterized by a period of fascination with Western art, followed by a period of reaction, during which artists searched for authentic Japanese modes of statement.
C)included poetry influenced by Abstract Expressionism and Classic Romanticism.
D)was ignored by European and North American artists and writers.
E)was entirely inspired by recent Chinese models.

Question 48

In the Imperial scramble after 1897, Russia obtained which area from China? ​

A)​Port Arthur on the Korean (Liaodong) Peninsula
B)​Tibet
C)​Vladivostok Port on the Kamchatka Peninsula
D)​Sakhalin Island
E)territories in the Shangdong Peninsula​

Question 49

The Tokugawa policy of sakoku​ ​emphasized

A)​production of exports by manufacturing corporations.
B)​a closed country system emphasizing domestic production of goods.
C)​continuation of tradition feudal systems with daimyos obeying the Shogun.
D)​modernization along western democratic lines.
E)​empire-building throughout Southeast Asia.

Question 50

The Progressive constitution adopted by the Japanese in 1890, with authority placed in the executive branch of the government, was modeled on the government of

A)China.
B)Germany.
C)Great Britain.
D)Russia.
E)the United States.

Question 51

Meiji economic policies

A)included a new agricultural land tax which did not generate a great deal of revenue but profited many peasants.
B)developed a closely linked business-government relationship which accelerated industrial growth, in armaments and shipbuilding as well as silk and tea.
C)were held back by the tradition-based belief that Japanese women should not work in factories.
D)concentrated upon rural development at the expense of industrialization.
E)were a throwback to the shogunate practices of the sixteenth century.

Question 52

In the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the Japanese obtained all except

A)Taiwan.
B)the Liaodong Peninsula.
C)Port Arthur.
D)greater international prestige.
E)Beijing's Forbidden City.

Question 53

Japanese imperialism

A)was able to acquire colonial territory in Africa only in 1911.
B)significantly strengthened the myth of European imperialist invincibility with its defeat by Russia in 1905.
C)reached an agreement in which Japan accepted United States control over the Philippines in return for the latter's recognition of Japanese annexation of Korea.
D)suffered a defeat in its attempt to take over Korea.
E)was rebuffed by China in the Sino-Japanese War.

Question 54

The new modernizing policies of the Meiji Restoration included the

A)restoration of the hereditary privileges of the daimyo.
B)retained the traditional warrior class system.
C)confiscation of the lands controlled by the daimyo.
D)exile of the samurai.
E)extermination of the samurai with "assisted seppuku."

Question 55

The most notable evidence of Chinese society changing at the end of the nineteenth century was in​

A)​the rise of a money economy in the countryside.
B)​building of railroads.
C)​the movement of landlords to the cities allowed for development of commercial agriculture
D)​cultural influences of European and North American presence in coastal cities.
E)​the growth of female education.

Question 56

In order to curtail British influence after concessions made in the Treaty of Nanjing, the Manchus​

A)​privately funded the Boxers to stage a revolt.
B)​made concessions with other foreign nations, including the United States.
C)​closed Shanghai to all foreigners.
D)​executed Lord Amherst.
E)opened an international free trade zone in Zardoz province.

Question 57

Which of the following was NOT an attempt at reform employed by the Dowager Empress Cixi?​

A)​opening schools for girls.
B)​replacing the Civil Service Examination system with a western model of education.
C)​agreeing to be photographed in traditional Chinese settings to appeal to westerners.
D)​outlawing traditional footbinding.
E)​establishing legislative assemblies at the provincial level.

Question 58

Which of the following was not a Meiji economic policy?

A)a graduated and progressive income tax
B)a new land tax
C)industrial subsidies
D)improved systems of transportation and communication
E)an educational system emphasizing applied science

Question 59

The Russo-Japanese War

A)was initiated by a Japanese surprise attack on the Russian naval base at Port Arthur.
B)rekindled Russian pride in its military-structure and leadership after Russia had won.
C)was the third phase of the Sino-Japanese War.
D)ended with mediation by President Woodrow Wilson
E)had little impact upon Western governments and public opinion.

Question 60

Under Japanese policies of isolation, foreign trade was permitted with the Dutch and Chinese only in the city of ​

A)​Tokyo
B)​Nagasaki
C)​Kyoto
D)​Osaka
E)​Sendai

Question 61

Identify the following terms.
"self-strengthening"

Question 62

Identify the following terms.
Qianlong

Question 63

Identify the following terms.
Kang Youwei, Guangxu, and the One Hundred Days of Reform

Question 64

Identify the following terms.
"East for Essence, West for Practical Use"

Question 65

Identify the following terms.
extraterritoriality

Question 66

Identify the following terms.
Hong Kong

Question 67

Identify the following terms.
Treaty of Tianjin

Question 68

The main reason for issuing the Imperial Rescript was ​

A)​to retain the idea of Japanese uniqueness within the political framework.
B)​fear that westernization would dilute Japanese traditional responsibility to the community.
C)​enforcing adherence to Shinto as part of the nationalization movement.
D)​ensure agricultural workers did not flee their labor duties by moving to the city.
E)​maintain economic equilibrium in the process of modernization.

Question 69

Identify the following terms.
Hong Xiuquan and the "Heavenly Kingdom of Supreme Peace"

Question 70

Identify the following terms.
Treaty of Nanjing

Question 71

Identify the following terms.
Shandong peninsula

Question 72

Identify the following terms.
the Qing/Manchus

Question 73

Identify the following terms.
Lin Zexu

Question 74

Identify the following terms.
Wang Tao v. Zhang Zhidong

Question 75

The beginnings of Japanese imperialism in the late nineteenth century started with claims of which territory?​

A)​Sakhalin Islands from Russia.
B)​Ryukyu Islands from China
C)​Taiwan from China.
D)​The Phillipines from the United States
E)Malaya from the Dutch​

Question 76

Identify the following terms.
opium trade and Opium War

Question 77

Identify the following terms.
spheres of influence

Question 78

Identify the following terms.
John Hay and the Open Door

Question 79

Identify the following terms.
Cixi

Question 80

Identify the following terms.
the Macartney and Amherst missions