Deck 27: Brave New World: Communism on Trial

Question 1

Because of the ideology of the class struggle of the proletariat, the new elite in the Soviet world was made up exclusively of peasants.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Leonid Brezhnev

A)valued stability above all, blocking significant attempts to deal with economic/social problems.
B)greatly increased the funding for new agricultural areas in Kazakhstan and Mongolia.
C)sharply reduced the powers of the KGB and Interior Ministry.
D)was the first to finally break with Stalinism and to conciliate the Czech regime.
E)was a sincere admirer of the policies of Nikita Khrushchev.

Answer 2

valued stability above all, blocking significant attempts to deal with economic/social problems.

Question 3

Stalin's economic policy after World War 2 was more successful in providing consumer goods than in promoting the growth of heavy industry.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The Russian concept of law and order (poryadok ) was enshrined in the Soviet constitution.

Question 5

Which of the following occurred when Nikita Khrushchev was in power?

A)the Berlin Airlift
B)the Afghanistan occupation
C)the enunciation of the Carter-Khrushchev Accord
D)the Twentieth National Congress speech
E)the Korean War

Question 6

As recognition that Marxism-Leninism is losing its appeal in Communist China, Confucianism has regained official approval in recent years.

Question 7

Which of the following was not characteristic of Soviet society during the Brezhnev years?

A)A more restrictive attitude toward dissidents.
B)An educational system focusing on rote memorization and political indoctrination.
C)Preventing the Soviet people from exposure to harmful foreign ideas, including rock music.
D)A restriction of free expression.
E)A disregard for law and order.

Question 8

Characteristic of Stalin's domestic policies after World War 2 was

A)the end of collectivization.
B)an emphasis on the growth of heavy industry.
C)an emphasis on consumer goods.
D)the imprisonment of two million returning soldiers, accused of "capitalist subversion."
E)exiling hundreds of thousands of former czarist officials.

Question 9

Chernobyl was the Russian word for "openness."

Question 10

At the close of World War 2, the Soviet Union

A)had increased food production by tapping new, rich lands in Siberia and Turkmenistan.
B)under Stalin decided to provide a "socialist bonus" of more consumer goods for the masses by slowing the expansion of heavy industry.
C)had citizens who worked longer hours than before the war, ate less, and were ill-housed and poorly clothed.
D)sharply reduced military spending, but only after the surrender of Japan.
E)moved toward greater liberalization.

Question 11

After assuming control of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev's policies

A)became much more belligerent than they had been before he replaced Malenkov.
B)increased Stalinist repression and freed all political prisoners.
C)were characterized by a program of de-Stalinization and broader intellectual tolerance.
D)diminished the spirit of rebellion in the Soviet satellites by promising them complete independence in 1973.
E)placed less emphasis on the consumer aspects of the economy.

Question 12

In the post-war period, women in Soviet Russia did almost 40% of the heavy manual labor.​

Question 13

Joseph Stalin

A)inaugurated a benevolent stage of governmental policy with his Stalingrad speech in 1946.
B)continued his reliance on the terror apparatus, including the holding of about 9,000,000 Soviet citizens in Siberian concentration camps.
C)named his protégé, Andrei Zhdanov, as his successor.
D)denounced Lenin at the Thirtieth Party Congress.
E)pursued a policy of peaceful coexistence with the West in 1948.

Question 14

Nikita Khrushchev

A)was determined to follow in Stalin's path, avoiding even the appearance of innovation.
B)was known as "old stone butt" by Western leaders.
C)was mocked as "Cottonman" by many Russians.
D)encouraged more freedom for writers.
E)praised Stalin at the Thirty-First Party Congress.

Question 15

China's Four Modernizations included industry, technology, national defense, and democracy.

Question 16

The Great Leap Forward resulted in the deaths of perhaps fifteen million people because of starvation.

Question 17

The "queue psychology" illustrates the surplus of consumer goods available in the Soviet Union during the Brezhnev era.

Question 18

During the late 1960s and the 1970s,

A)annual economic growth in the Soviet Union was between eight and eleven percent.
B)freedom of statement became much more common in the Soviet Union, shown by the awarding of literary prizes and pensions to Andrei Sakharov and Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
C)even Soviet airplane crashes and governmental scandals received tasteless and extensive press coverage under Brezhnev's "open society" policies.
D)the problems of economic stagnation and political and administrative gerontocracy were effectively ignored under Brezhnev.
E)the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution improved education and economic growth in China.

Question 19

Socialist Realism was an artistic movement that allowed criticism of problems within the Soviet system in the "cultural thaw" of Khrushchev.​

Question 20

The Soviet economy

A)grew rapidly in the heavy industry sector during the late 1940s and the early 1950s.
B)was, unlike the capitalist economies, devoted to raising the living standards of the poorest workers, the "toiling masses."
C)obtained capital for expansion from overseas governments and investors.
D)was overseen from Gosplan headquarters in the Lyubyanka building in Kharkov.
E)became consumer driven, thus eliminating black-market activity.

Question 21

In its struggle to free itself from Communist rule and reestablish an independent political structure, Czechoslovakia experienced

A)the crushing of reform by Soviet troops in 1968.
B)a high level of tolerance for dissident protest in the 1970s.
C)a political and economic union with Hungary.
D)massive political and economic reforms after 1968.
E)the return of the Sudetenland from East Germany.

Question 22

In East Germany,

A)Communist repression was nonexistent.
B)huge influxes of people from the West occurred in the 1980s.
C)the Christian Democrats achieved little electoral success in 1990.
D)the fall of communism resulted in political reunification with West Germany in 1990.
E)there was great fear and loathing in Germany at the prospect of German unification.

Question 23

A leading Soviet writer of the 1950s and winner of the Nobel Prize was

A)Vaclav Havel.
B)Gennady Zhuganov.
C)Leo Tolstoy.
D)Boris Pasternak.
E)Gunter Grass.

Question 24

As an instrument of perestroika, glasnost allowed

A)the banning of many books.
B)criticism of the government and Soviet society generally.
C)the exclusion of Western culture from the Soviet Union.
D)the abandonment of political reforms.
E)the development of new airports in Siberia.

Question 25

Which nation's Supreme Council unilaterally declared its independence from the Soviet Union on March 11, 1990?

A)Estonia
B)Latvia
C)Lithuania
D)Moldavia
E)Finland

Question 26

Mikhail Gorbachev

A)was the well-placed son of the head of the state oil-refining corporation.
B)was picked for political leadership because of his record as a KGB data interpreter.
C)had moved up rapidly since his appointment to the Party Central Committee in 1978.
D)had spent many years in the gulag.
E)had supported Mao Zedong against Nikita Khrushchev.

Question 27

The "fifth modernization" referred to in post-Mao China was

A)land reform.
B)national defense.
C)democracy.
D)industry.
E)technology.

Question 28

Early in 1990, Gorbachev struck out Article 6 of the Soviet constitution, thereby

A)allowing women to divorce their husbands.
B)abolishing communism as an economic system.
C)installing Boris Yeltsin as his vice president.
D)legalizing the formation of political parties other than just the Communist Party.
E)organizing an armed coup d'etat against the Soviet parliament.

Question 29

Mao Zedong's New Democracy

A)was designed to expel the Turkic population from western China.
B)moved slowly at first, in order not to alienate the peasants.
C)gave private land to five percent of peasant families, to increase collectivization.
D)was patterned on Stalin's "Open Society" plan.
E)was modeled upon that found in France during the "Terror."

Question 30

The leader of Poland's Solidarity movement was

A)Wladyslaw Gomulka.
B)Edward Gierek.
C)Lech Walesa.
D)Wojciech Jaruzelski.
E)Vaclav Havel.

Question 31

In the early 1970s,

A)Ho Chi Minh was elected mayor of Saigon and, two years later, of Hong Kong.
B)Yuri Andropov made major changes in Soviet industrial management by giving top positions in the oil and transport industries to executives from Japan and the West.
C)Richard Nixon praised Mao Zedong's "mass line" system as not only effective but "as American as apple pie."
D)Stalin's reputation rose somewhat under Brezhnev's rule.
E)Lyndon Johnson ended the Vietnam War.

Question 32

Mao's Little Red Book

A)became available only after Deng Xiaoping assumed power.
B)superseded all other learning sources during the Cultural Revolution.
C)was banned during the Cultural Revolution.
D)codified specific scientific theorems and postulates.
E)was a secret document which would lead to capitalism in China.

Question 33

All of the following are true about events in Poland from 1980 to 1991 except

A)mass public demonstrations caused significant changes in government policy.
B)huge rises in food prices helped to give rise to Solidarity.
C)by the end of 1990, the nation had freely elected a new president.
D)Soviet troops occupied the country in December 1990.
E)Solidarity's support burgeoned and, by late 1981, it was backed by almost one-third of the population.

Question 34

The Great Leap Forward

A)was an economic success, raising agricultural production fifteen percent in two years.
B)created huge rural communes but failed economically.
C)was a more conservative approach to land reform.
D)was aimed at organizing urban Chinese life.
E)produced such success that Mao became deified in China.

Question 35

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution

A)enabled Mao to regain control of the party after the disastrous Great Leap Forward.
B)attempted to use conservative party members to "cleanse" China of "impure socialist elements."
C)created an academically more demanding curriculum in schools which stressed cogent thought and scientific training.
D)fostered literacy in rural China.
E)was directed mainly against middle-class Soviet technicians working in China.

Question 36

The initial program of land collectivization in Communist China was

A)modeled after that created in India after 1947.
B)instituted before the first Five-Year industrial plan was begun.
C)done in a much less confrontational manner than Stalin had used in the Soviet Union.
D)able to achieve the increases in agricultural output that Mao had expected.
E)a highly successful attempt to increase China's agricultural production.

Question 37

A factor that was not an element of Mikhail Gorbachev's policies was that

A)he wanted to establish an entirely free-market capitalist economy.
B)rigid, centralized planning had to be abandoned.
C)high technology development was insufficient.
D)Soviet living standards were considered much too low.
E)there was a need to restructure the economic system.

Question 38

Which of the following is not true about the events that occurred in the Soviet Union in December 1991?

A)Boris Yeltsin was president of the Russian Republic.
B)The Soviet Union was replaced by the Commonwealth of Independent States.
C)Gorbachev resigned and turned over his power as commander-in-chief to Yeltsin.
D)The Congress of People's Deputies denied Yeltsin the temporary power to rule by decree.
E)One of the largest empires in history came to an end.

Question 39

The number of Soviet citizens who lost their lives in World War 2 is estimated at

A)two million.
B)five million.
C)ten million.
D)twenty million.
E)fifty million.

Question 40

"On the left" in the Soviet Union referred to

A)overtime pay received by unionized communist workers.
B)extra labor required of inhabitants of the gulag.
C)the ideology of hard-line communists who were opposed Gorbachev's reforms.
D)buying scarce goods in the black market.
E)Soviet secret police's extra assignment as reserve infantry soldiers.

Question 41

Which was NOT one of the Four Modernizations?​

A)​Industry
B)​Agriculture
C)​Education
D)​National Defense
E)​Technology

Question 42

Among the greatest failures of the process of collectivization in China was

A)trying to convert desert and undesireable land into arable plots.
B)reinforcing the traditional family unit as a newly-conceived economic unit instead.
C)the starvation of up to 35 million people.
D)brutal suppression of the private market as sabotage of the revolution.
E)the ability to transition to a free market economy.

Question 43

In responding to recent social and political challenges, the Chinese Communist Party has, as an antidote, the philosophy of

A)Deng Xiaoping.
B)Marx and Lenin.
C)Mao Zedong.
D)Confucius.
E)Sun Yat-sen.

Question 44

Nikita Khrushchev managed to outmanoeuvre Malenkov in a struggle for power by calling for

A)"Peace, bread, and land."
B)alternative paths to Socialism.
C)increased defense spending and perpetuation of heavy industry.
D)economic hybridization under a policy of perestroika .
E)an alliance with Mao Zedong in promoting Communism to third world countries.

Question 45

The first democratically elected president in Russia was​

A)​Mikhail Gorbachev
B)​Boris Yeltsin
C)​Dmitri Medvedev
D)​Yury Luzhkov
E)​Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Question 46

Areas in China where national minorities have exhibited unrest are

A)Tibet and Xinjiang.
B)Shanghai and Nanjing.
C)Shandung and Beijing.
D)Peking and Hunan.
E)Mongolia and Manchuria.

Question 47

Why did the Kosygin reforms under Brezhnev fail?​

A)​They were resisted by the bureaucracy of the Soviet system.
B)​They relied on increased corn production in the Virgin Lands Campaign.
C)​US economic sanctions against Russian grain.
D)​The reforms relied on decreased spending on arms that was negated with American moon landing.
E)​The Politburo felt they were too radical and liberal.

Question 48

Which of the following has occurred in Chinese life since the Revolution?

A)Female foot binding has regained popular support.
B)Under Mao, the government made an effort to strengthen the role of the family.
C)Individual economic achievement was encouraged during the Cultural Revolution.
D)In the post-Mao era, there has been an emphasis on idealistic utopianism.
E)Today, many Chinese people, especially the young, are trying to Westernize their dress and appearance.

Question 49

Mao argued for "uninterrupted revolution" because he and the Communist Party believed​

A)​that revolution tapped into a vital source of patriotic energy for the Chinese peasantry.
B)​the remnants of feudal and Confucianist ideas would undermine the progress he had made.
C)the indoctrination of people was going to take a long time and needed to be perpetuated.​
D)​the United States would launch an attack on The People's Republic of China to support the pro-Western forces in Taiwan.
E)​that Khrushchev had lost momentum when he allowed for a tenuous thaw in hardline policies.

Question 50

The new policies advanced by Deng

A)were largely counterproductive, as employment and food production went down in the 1980s.
B)roughly doubled China's per capita income during the 1980s
C)combined economic collectivization and retaining political power in Communist hands.
D)re-enforced the economic policies of Mao Zedong.
E)"followed the socialist path."

Question 51

The policy advocated by Georgy Malenkov after Stalin's death was known as:​

A)​peaceful coexistence
B)​Great leap forward
C)​square deal
D)​new course
E)​samizdat

Question 52

Who was NOT considered a dissident under the Brezhnev years?​

A)​Andrei Sakharov
B)​religiously devout individuals
C)​Alexander Solzhenitsyn
D)​ethnic minorities in republics in Central Asia
E)​Vladimir Zhirinovsky

Question 53

"Black cat, white cat, what does it matter so long as it catches the mice?" was said by

A)Mao Zedong.
B)Confucius.
C)Nikita Khrushchev.
D)Mikhail Gorbachev.
E)Deng Xiaoping.

Question 54

In 2010, more of these were sold in China than in the United States.

A)Computers
B)Color televisions
C)Single-family homes
D)Washing machines
E)Automobiles

Question 55

This contemporary Chinese artist challenged the authority of the government and was taken into custody on charges of tax evasion.

A)Ai Wei-wei
B)Mo Yan
C)Yu Hua
D)Ding Ling
E)Zhang Xinxin

Question 56

A significant way in which China differed in implementing Communism from Russia was

A)Mao made a transition from agriculture to heavy industry over a gradual 25-year period.
B)New Democracy realized that time and indoctrination were needed to convince people this was the best way.
C)China had a longer-term tradition of university education that could be carried to the masses.
D)Rejecting the used of collectivized agriculture.
E)None of these.

Question 57

Alexander Solzhenitsyn's 1973 indictment of the Soviet system was in his critical book ​

A)​Notes from Underground.
B)​Dr.Zhivago.
C)​One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
D)​​Gulag Archipelago
E)​​Crime and Punishment

Question 58

What was Gosplan? ​

A)​A system of assigning privileges to elites within the government.
B)​A state-run newspaper.
C)​A policy for governmental transparency.
D)​The architecture for centralization of the state economy within the government hierarchy.
E)​The system of law and order that carried over from Tsarist times.

Question 59

The end of The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution occurred when​

A)​Deng Xiaoping ascended to power and changed the emphasis of Communism to economic modernization.
B)​Pro-democracy forces within China rebelled against the Red Guards.
C)​The Helsinki Accords documented brutalities by the Red Guard.
D)​Moderate forces within the government denounced it as a propaganda movement like Socialist Realism.
E)​Democracy was introduced to China.

Question 60

In May, 1989, the Chinese Communist rulers suppressed the "fifth modernization" by their action at

A)Hong Kong.
B)the Forbidden City.
C)Shanghai.
D)Tiananmen Square.
E)Democracy Wall.

Question 61

Identify the following terms.
de-Stalinization

Question 62

Identify the following terms.
Andrei Sakharov

Question 63

Identify the following terms.
"double shift"

Question 64

Identify the following terms.
KGB

Question 65

Identify the following terms.
Pravda

Question 66

Identify the following terms.
Georgy Malenkov

Question 67

Identify the following terms.
Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko

Question 68

Identify the following terms.
Leonid Brezhnev, Alexei Kosygin, and "de-Khrushchevization"

Question 69

The major symbol of resistance to China and to their own nationalism in Tibet is​

A)​Buddhism
B)​the Mandala Flag
C)​the Potala Palace
D)​the Human Rights museum.
E)​a monument to the victims at Tienamen Square

Question 70

Identify the following terms.
Nikita Khrushchev

Question 71

Identify the following terms.
Mikhail Gorbachev

Question 72

Identify the following terms.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn's One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich and The Gulag Archipelago

Question 73

Identify the following terms.
"Cornman"

Question 74

Identify the following terms.
"We will bury you"

Question 75

Identify the following terms.
Lech Walesa and Solidarity

Question 76

Identify the following terms.
Boris Yeltsin

Question 77

"When I die, the imperialists will strangle all of you like a litter of kittens."

Question 78

Identify the following terms.
Boris Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago

Question 79

Identify the following terms.
perestroika and glasnost

Question 80

Identify the following terms.
"commonwealth of independent states"