Deck 10: The Endocrine System

Question 1

This type of hormone characteristically requires a second messenger.

A)lipid-soluble
B)steroid
C)water-soluble
D)prostaglandin

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Parathyroid hormone causes the blood calcium level to rise,but calcitonin causes those levels to fall.The relationship between the two hormones is described as ________.

A)expressive
B)antagonistic
C)synergistic
D)permissive

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In males,the primary source of estrogens is the ________.

A)hypothalamus
B)heart
C)adrenal cortex
D)ovaries

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Sandhu has type 1 diabetes so he must frequently inject himself with insulin.He has to be careful not to inject himself too often or with too much of the hormone because this vital chemical will virtually disappear from his bloodstream.

A)glycogen
B)oxycontin
C)glucose
D)oxygen

Question 5

Lian,at 12 years old,was barely 3 feet tall.What hormone might she take to grow taller?

A)growth hormone
B)estrogen
C)aldosterone
D)calcitonin

Question 6

The connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary is ________.

A)circulatory
B)neural
C)via special ducts
D)There is no connection.

Question 7

Which of the following functions in the body's inflammatory response prevents blood clots,regulates body temperature,and opens airways to the lungs?

A)carotenoids
B)prostaglandins
C)leukotrienes
D)melatonin

Question 8

Gian-Carlo is going to have part of his adrenal cortex removed because of a tumor.After the surgery he may need ________.

A)melatonin and insulin
B)oxytocin
C)cortisol
D)calcitonin

Question 9

Eating a lot of shrimp would tend to decrease the incidence of which of the following conditions?

A)simple goiter
B)Grave's disease
C)SAD
D)myxedema

Question 10

As you sleep your blood glucose levels should normally decline.However,this hormone will cause your liver to release more of the sugar.

A)thyroxin
B)adrenaline
C)glucagon
D)insulin

Question 11

When a woman breast-feeds,oxytocin causes the milk to move from the mammary glands toward the nipples.What other organ might also react when a woman breast-feeds right after giving birth?

A)uterus
B)rectum
C)thymus
D)perilymph

Question 12

Which is the hormone that stimulates growth by increasing cell size or rate of cell division?

A)calcitonin
B)growth hormone
C)oxytocin
D)tropic hormone

Question 13

Norman ate his birthday cake with lots of sugary frosting so his pancreas secreted ________.

A)insulin
B)glycogen
C)glucagon
D)thyroxin

Question 14

Sue has begun to lactate but she has not recently given birth.Which of the following might be causing this abnormality?

A)excess estrogen
B)progesterone production
C)hyperthyroidism
D)pituitary tumor

Question 15

Inflammatory processes can be painful and even dangerous if they continue inappropriately.Which of the following would control those processes?

A)thyroid hormone
B)growth hormone
C)vasopressin
D)cortisol

Question 16

Cancer cells often fail to respond to certain hormones because they lack these cell membrane features important in binding with that specific hormone.

A)DNAs
B)dockers
C)targets
D)receptors

Question 17

Maria has been in labor for 12 hours and her obstetrician thinks that it is time to artificially induce birth.What hormone will the physician inject?

A)estrogen
B)vasopressin
C)prolactin
D)oxytocin

Question 18

Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of a future egg cell by the ovaries?

A)luteinizing
B)follicle-stimulating
C)oxytocin
D)prolactin

Question 19

An injection of ACTH would cause an increase in the release of which of the following hormones?

A)thyroxin
B)aldosterone
C)growth hormone
D)antidiuretic hormone

Question 20

Which of the following hormones may take part in one or more of these functions: influence daily rhythms,decrease jet lag,and influence sleep patterns?

A)melatonin
B)thymosin
C)oxytocin
D)growth

Question 21

The ________ are endocrine cells that occur in small clusters in the pancreas.

Question 22

Nadia,who is 25 years old,wants to be taller because she is just 5 feet tall.Of the choices given,which would be the wisest option for Nadia?

A)Do nothing.
B)Take injections of growth hormone.
C)Use GHRH so she will have her own natural growth.
D)Take thyroxin daily.

Question 23

Eric was working very hard in the dry,hot boiler room and sweating a lot.Under these conditions,which of the following might Eric be experiencing?

A)He would have decreased hydrocortisone.
B)He would have increased oxytocin.
C)He would have increased antidiuretic hormone.
D)He would have decreased thyroxin.

Question 24

Leukocytosis-promoting factor,among other things,acts to encourage the movement of white blood cells to the site of an injury.What hormone opposes this action?

A)epinephrine
B)insulin
C)TH
D)cortisol

Question 25

________ is a condition caused by Grave's disease in which the eyes protrude because of tissue accumulation behind them.

Question 26

Anton has to take insulin for his type 1 diabetes but his sister Maryam has another health issue and takes a pill.Anton knows that insulin is a protein but wants to know why he can't have a pill instead of all those nasty shots.Can you explain it to him?

A)Proteins are digested by the stomach and intestines, so his insulin would be broken down before taking effect.
B)Skin cells naturally destroy proteins.
C)Steroids are water-soluble and require cAMP.
D)Insulin only affects the circulatory system.

Question 27

In the past,oxygen uptake in a patient was measured as a means of determining whether a certain endocrine gland was working properly.Which of the following glands was this method most likely assessing?

A)pineal
B)thyroid
C)testes
D)parathyroid

Question 28

Hanna,18 years old,is over 6 feet tall.She has an x-ray taken that shows that her long bones are continuing to lengthen.Eventually,a thorough examination shows that she has a tumor growing in her ________.

A)posterior pituitary
B)pineal gland
C)adrenal medulla
D)anterior pituitary

Question 29

Sometimes postmenopausal women are given a prescription for which of the following to help them maintain their bone calcium?

A)parathyroid hormone
B)thyroid hormone
C)calcitonin
D)insulin

Question 30

When the result of two hormones working at the same time is greater than that of either alone,we say that they work ________.

Question 31

Amy just gave birth by cesarean section to a beautiful baby girl.All through her pregnancy,her mammary glands enlarged to prepare for milk production.However,in the day or two following parturition,Amy cannot eject a drop of the milk that is so obviously present in her breasts.What hormone is probably missing?

A)oxytocin
B)estrogen
C)prolactin
D)progesterone

Question 32

Vlad,28 years old,is a slender,jumpy man with eyes that seem to bulge out of their sockets.His heart rate is unusually fast.Which of the following conditions does Vlad most likely have?

A)Addison's disease
B)acromegaly
C)Cushing's syndrome
D)Grave's disease

Question 33

Someone who has diabetes insipidus has a deficiency of ________.

Question 34

The ________ gland lies in the center of the brain and contains secretory cells that produce melatonin.

Question 35

Follicle-stimulating hormone originates from the ________ gland.

Question 36

________,from the pancreatic islets,causes the liver to increase the breakdown of glycogen.

Question 37

Govingee,35 years old,has recently become lethargic and his skin feels very cool but puffy to the touch.When you take his pulse,you note that it seems abnormally low.What condition might Govingee have?

A)low thyroid hormone
B)excess calcitonin
C)accumulating aldosterone
D)low growth hormone

Question 38

When blood calcium levels fall,the ________ glands cause greater calcium release from the bones.

Question 39

Which of the following might help in the treatment of impotence (inability to achieve an erection)?

A)nitric oxide
B)histamine
C)prostaglandins
D)growth hormone

Question 40

An injection of the pancreatic hormone ________ would cause blood glucose levels to fall.

Question 41

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Myxedema
B)Addison's disease
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Adrenal medulla
E)Grave's disease
F)Cushing's syndrome
G)Cretinism
H)Diabetes mellitus
I)Acromegaly
The undersecretion of thyroid hormone during fetal development and infancy causes dwarfism,mental retardation,and slow sexual development.

Question 42

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Myxedema
B)Addison's disease
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Adrenal medulla
E)Grave's disease
F)Cushing's syndrome
G)Cretinism
H)Diabetes mellitus
I)Acromegaly
Enrique,28 years old,has a low heart rate,cool skin,puffy face,and behaves sluggishly.He probably has this thyroid disorder.

Question 43

________ is a very common second messenger.

Question 44

When the concentration of sodium in the blood becomes too high,hormonal mechanisms come into play to counteract this dangerous condition.This type of response is called ________.

Question 45

If Mary were lost in the Sahara desert in the summer,why should she not drink alcohol?

Question 46

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Myxedema
B)Addison's disease
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Adrenal medulla
E)Grave's disease
F)Cushing's syndrome
G)Cretinism
H)Diabetes mellitus
I)Acromegaly
Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine,which are extremely important in the flight or fight reactions.

Question 47

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Myxedema
B)Addison's disease
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Adrenal medulla
E)Grave's disease
F)Cushing's syndrome
G)Cretinism
H)Diabetes mellitus
I)Acromegaly
A syndrome that results from prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol and can be characterized by fatigue,high blood pressure,and elevated glucose levels.

Question 48

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Myxedema
B)Addison's disease
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Adrenal medulla
E)Grave's disease
F)Cushing's syndrome
G)Cretinism
H)Diabetes mellitus
I)Acromegaly
An autoimmune disorder caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormone; it is characterized by increased metabolic rate and heart rate.

Question 49

Civil defense officials usually stock large supplies of nonradioactive iodine,which would be distributed in the event of a release of radioactive iodine.Please explain why.

Question 50

Which hormones produced by the adrenal gland might help to offset some of the symptoms of menopause?

Question 51

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Myxedema
B)Addison's disease
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Adrenal medulla
E)Grave's disease
F)Cushing's syndrome
G)Cretinism
H)Diabetes mellitus
I)Acromegaly
A group of disorders characterized by problems in insulin production or function.

Question 52

Hormones responsible for the fight-or-flight response are produced in the ________.

Question 53

If someone had an excess of growth hormone through their childhood,they may have ________.

Question 54

Why should consumers be skeptical about ingesting melatonin supplements or any other dietary supplement sold in vitamin or health stores?

Question 55

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Myxedema
B)Addison's disease
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Adrenal medulla
E)Grave's disease
F)Cushing's syndrome
G)Cretinism
H)Diabetes mellitus
I)Acromegaly
A condition that results from a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone.

Question 56

Prostaglandins may act as local signaling molecules in the uterus,causing ________.

Question 57

What are the possible effects of stress on the body?

Question 58

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Myxedema
B)Addison's disease
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Adrenal medulla
E)Grave's disease
F)Cushing's syndrome
G)Cretinism
H)Diabetes mellitus
I)Acromegaly
An autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system perceives cells of the adrenal cortex as foreign and destroys the cells.

Question 59

The ________ is a shield-shaped structure in the front of the neck that is deep red in color because of its extensive blood supply.

Question 60

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Myxedema
B)Addison's disease
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Adrenal medulla
E)Grave's disease
F)Cushing's syndrome
G)Cretinism
H)Diabetes mellitus
I)Acromegaly
A condition that occurs in adults in which there is an excess of growth hormone so that the bones thicken but do not lengthen.

Question 61

George is 16 years old and really wants to make the high school basketball team.Although he is skilled,he is only 5'10" tall.What advice would you give him about taking human growth hormone?

Question 62

Mamadou,22,lives in a country that has been at civil war for 19 years.What kinds of endocrine responses do we expect and what kinds of health issues might he have? What public health implications might there be once the war is over?