Deck 12: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

Which of these are the smallest of veins that form when capillaries merge?

A)venules
B)arteries
C)arterioles
D)veins

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What structures regulate blood flow into capillary beds?

A)precapillary sphincters
B)venous valves
C)postcapillary sphincters
D)Peyer's patches

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which sequence is correct?

A)right ventricle > aorta > renal vein
B)left ventricle > aorta > coronary artery
C)left atrium > superior vena cava > renal artery
D)right atrium > superior vena cava > coronary artery

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The highest pressure in the artery during each heartbeat is known as the ________.

A)cardiac circuit
B)diastolic pressure
C)blood pressure
D)systolic pressure

Question 5

Which of the following characterizes blood flow through capillaries?

A)Enormous total cross-sectional area leads to blood flowing slowly.
B)Enormous total cross-sectional area leads to blood flowing rapidly.
C)Small total cross-sectional area leads to blood flowing slowly.
D)Small total cross-sectional area leads to blood flowing rapidly.

Question 6

A certain infectious disease can cause swellings on the aortic semilunar valve.The valve will then not close properly,resulting in ________.

A)atherosclerosis
B)backflow
C)aneurysm
D)varicose veins

Question 7

James misspoke at the banquet last night,became embarrassed,and his face looked red because the facial arteries and arteriole muscles relaxed.These arteries and arterioles were then said to be ________.

A)constricted
B)dilated
C)clogged
D)burst

Question 8

Which of the following are found in many veins that help direct blood flow in one direction only: toward the heart?

A)valves
B)lymph nodes
C)myocardium
D)pericardium

Question 9

Which artery carries oxygenated blood to the head and the brain?

A)renal
B)jugular
C)carotid
D)aorta

Question 10

These vessels take the blood back most directly to the heart.

A)arteries
B)venules
C)veins
D)arterioles

Question 11

Which of the following causes blood to move through veins?

A)vasodilation
B)contraction of smooth muscle
C)contraction of skeletal muscle
D)blood pressure

Question 12

An infection of the thin layer of tissue around the inner cavities of the heart itself would affect the ________.

A)pericardium
B)endocardium
C)myocardium
D)sinoatrial node

Question 13

Which of these is the portion of the heartbeat that involves contraction of the heart?

A)cardiac cycle
B)pacemaker
C)diastole
D)systole

Question 14

Which of these is the most correct sequence of signals?

A)SA node > Purkinje fibers > AV node > AV bundle > walls of the ventricle
B)SA node > AV bundle > AV node > ST segment > Purkinje fibers
C)SA node > AV bundle > AV node > ST segment
D)SA node > AV node > AV bundle > Purkinje fibers > walls of the ventricle

Question 15

The bulk of the heart which consists of cardiac muscle tissue is called the ________.

A)pericardium
B)myocardium
C)endocardium
D)coronary chamber

Question 16

When these valves open,blood goes from the atria to the ventricles.

A)AV node
B)SA node
C)SL valves
D)AV valves

Question 17

The lowest blood pressure that occurs when the ventricles are relaxing is known as ________.

A)diastolic pressure
B)systolic pressure
C)aneurysm
D)arterial pressure

Question 18

Blood vessels that serve as gateways to capillary beds are ________.

A)venules
B)arteries
C)arterioles
D)veins

Question 19

Why would someone need to have an artificial pacemaker installed in his or her heart tissue?

A)Because the heart valves are not directing blood flow through the chambers properly.
B)Because the AV node is not sending signals to the ventricles.
C)Because the SA node is not functioning properly to generate action potential at the proper intervals.
D)Because the Purkinje fibers are not distributing the signal properly.

Question 20

In an EKG,the QRS wave indicates what?

A)first heart sound
B)electrical signal in the atria
C)second heart sound
D)electrical signal in the ventricles

Question 21

The smallest arteries,called ________,are barely visible to the unaided eye.

Question 22

The ________ valves prevent blood from flowing back into the heart once it has left the ventricles.

Question 23

The coronary arteries supply blood to cardiac tissue.Which chamber of the heart requires the greatest amount of blood supply to keep it working?

A)right ventricle
B)left ventricle
C)left atrium
D)right atrium

Question 24

Swollen lymph nodes signal infection and result from increased numbers of ________.

Question 25

A (an)________ is a recording of the electrical activities of the heart.

Question 26

The ________ is a fibrous sac that holds the heart in the center of the chest cavity without hampering its movements,even when the heart is contracting vigorously.

Question 27

The cells of the SA node are unable to maintain a stable resting membrane potential.They are particularly leaky to ions like sodium and potassium.What will this leakiness lead to?

A)the release of neurotransmitters, which will start a contraction
B)the formation of the resting membrane potential
C)the secretion of calcium from storage within the cell to the exterior of the cell
D)the spontaneous formation of an action potential

Question 28

Clarice,a dental hygienist,knows she cannot work on a patient with an infected oral cavity.A quick and effective way to determine if an infection exists is to feel for swollen ________ below the jaw.

Question 29

Because the sinoatrial node sends out impulses that initiate each heartbeat,it is often referred to as the ________ of the heart.

Question 30

Charlotte had an operation in which some of her lymphatic system was removed in a certain area.The symptom you would expect in the affected area if there were no other treatment is ________.

Question 31

A child is born with a hole in his heart between the left and right ventricles.This condition must be immediately corrected with surgery because the hole ________.

A)will cause the flow of blood to reverse in the heart
B)will allow blood to leak out of the heart and the child could bleed to death
C)will cause blood to flow in the reverse direction back into veins instead of the arteries
D)allows mixing of both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, which reduces oxygen delivery to tissues

Question 32

A heart ________ is an indication of disturbed blood flow due to a damaged heart valve.

Question 33

An aneurysm is a weakening of the walls of a blood vessel.Which blood vessel would be most likely to break open if an aneurysm is present?

A)capillary
B)arteriole
C)artery
D)venule

Question 34

Cardiac muscle cells connect to each other at special junctions called ________ disks.

Question 35

Heart block is a condition in which the SA node is properly functioning but the atria and ventricles are contracting out of synch.What part of the heart must not be functioning for this to happen?

A)The SA node is working extra hard to make the ventricles catch up.
B)The AV node is not sending signals to the ventricles like it should.
C)The coronary arteries are not delivering blood to the heart.
D)The heart valves are allowing blood to flow backwards through the heart.

Question 36

The tempo of the heartbeat is set by a cluster of specialized cardiac muscle cells called the ________.

Question 37

________ is the device that is used to measure blood pressure.

Question 38

Breathing helps move blood from lower parts of the body toward the heart by which of the following mechanisms?

A)Inhalation increases the size of the thoracic cavity, which reduces pressure and draws blood toward the heart.
B)Inhalation increases pressure in the abdominal cavity, which squeezes veins and pushes blood toward the heart.
C)Breathing does not help return blood to the heart.
D)Inhalation increases the size of the thoracic cavity and increases pressure in the abdominal cavity.

Question 39

A physician has a patient with an abnormal heart sound.After running some tests,the doctor decides that the patient has a heart murmur but the condition is not severe enough to warrant open-heart surgery.What does the doctor think about to make this determination?

A)The amount of blood flowing backwards in the heart is not enough to strain the heart as it works harder to catch up.
B)The heart sounds are due to air moving through the system and cannot be removed via surgical techniques.
C)The amount of blood lost is easily replaced with a transfusion of extra blood.
D)A heart murmur cannot be corrected surgically even though artificial heart valves do exist.

Question 40

A person has had an accident and is bleeding freely.Paramedics have arrived to stop the bleeding and are rushing the person to the hospital where a transfusion awaits.How is the body mobilizing extra blood from the blood reservoir to partially compensate until then?

A)Veins are undergoing massive vasodilatation to move blood back to the heart.
B)Veins are undergoing massive vasoconstriction to move blood back to the heart.
C)Arteries are undergoing massive vasoconstriction to move blood back to the heart.
D)Arteries are undergoing massive vasodilatation to move blood back to the heart.

Question 41

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Veins
B)Thymus
C)Tonsils
D)Jugular veins
E)Circulatory
F)Aorta
G)Capillaries
H)Exercise
I)Pulmonary veins
J)Spleen
System that consists of both the cardiovascular and the lymphatic systems.

Question 42

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Veins
B)Thymus
C)Tonsils
D)Jugular veins
E)Circulatory
F)Aorta
G)Capillaries
H)Exercise
I)Pulmonary veins
J)Spleen
Vessels that carry blood back to the heart from the body.

Question 43

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Veins
B)Thymus
C)Tonsils
D)Jugular veins
E)Circulatory
F)Aorta
G)Capillaries
H)Exercise
I)Pulmonary veins
J)Spleen
This simple practice will reduce your chance of heart disease and stroke.

Question 44

A person may have a severe allergic reaction to something like a bee sting.If this happens to someone who is severely allergic it can result in anaphylactic shock in which the blood pressure plummets,and this can be fatal.The root cause of this is an inappropriate release of histamine in response to the sting.Histamine causes massive vasodilatation,so how does this affect blood pressure?

Question 45

Explain the structure and functions of the arteries.

Question 46

A patient has a heart attack and wakes up in the hospital.He gets a visit from his doctor who says he had to shock the patient's heart because part of it had gone into fibrillation.The doctor jokes that it could have been worse if the other part of the heart had been in fibrillation and that the patient was really lucky.Which chambers of the heart in the patient were in fibrillation,the atria or the ventricles?

Question 47

Why do physicians often examine the lymph nodes of cancer patients?

Question 48

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Veins
B)Thymus
C)Tonsils
D)Jugular veins
E)Circulatory
F)Aorta
G)Capillaries
H)Exercise
I)Pulmonary veins
J)Spleen
The blood vessels that are the site of gas exchange.

Question 49

Explain the mechanics of muscle contraction during a heartbeat.

Question 50

What function do the veins have and how do these vessels compare with the arteries?

Question 51

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Veins
B)Thymus
C)Tonsils
D)Jugular veins
E)Circulatory
F)Aorta
G)Capillaries
H)Exercise
I)Pulmonary veins
J)Spleen
Structures that function to protect the throat against bacteria and foreign agents.

Question 52

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Veins
B)Thymus
C)Tonsils
D)Jugular veins
E)Circulatory
F)Aorta
G)Capillaries
H)Exercise
I)Pulmonary veins
J)Spleen
Veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 53

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Veins
B)Thymus
C)Tonsils
D)Jugular veins
E)Circulatory
F)Aorta
G)Capillaries
H)Exercise
I)Pulmonary veins
J)Spleen
The major artery that delivers blood to the body.

Question 54

The left side of the heart pumps blood through the ________,which transports blood to and from body tissues.

Question 55

Lucy,a new army recruit,stood in formation for long periods of time without moving an inch.She eventually became lightheaded and fainted due to a drop in blood pressure.What might have caused her fainting?

Question 56

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Veins
B)Thymus
C)Tonsils
D)Jugular veins
E)Circulatory
F)Aorta
G)Capillaries
H)Exercise
I)Pulmonary veins
J)Spleen
Site of lymphocyte production that functions to remove old red blood cells,foreign debris,and microorganisms from the blood.

Question 57

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Veins
B)Thymus
C)Tonsils
D)Jugular veins
E)Circulatory
F)Aorta
G)Capillaries
H)Exercise
I)Pulmonary veins
J)Spleen
The blood vessels that function to carry blood from the head to the heart.

Question 58

Trace a drop of blood as it enters the vena cava and travels through the heart and body.Include the major vessels and the heart chambers and valves in your answer.

Question 59

If the connective tissue in the ventricles,called ________,give way,blood may go backwards through the AV valves:

Question 60

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Veins
B)Thymus
C)Tonsils
D)Jugular veins
E)Circulatory
F)Aorta
G)Capillaries
H)Exercise
I)Pulmonary veins
J)Spleen
The site where certain lymphocytes mature,enabling them to fight specific disease-causing organisms.

Question 61

Paul,physically inactive and obese,suddenly dropped to the ground.His friends called 911 and the emergency medical technicians arrived.An EMT quickly began to perform an EKG on Paul and saw many rapid,irregular waves where individual QRS wave should have been.Based on the information in the text,what is your diagnosis and your suggested treatment? What do you think a physician will recommend to Paul should he survive?