Deck 14: The Respiratory System

Question 1

The condition in which walls of the alveoli break down,thereby creating fewer and larger chambers,is called ________.

A)bronchitis
B)emphysema
C)TB
D)influenza

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The organs of the respiratory system that contain alveoli are ________.

A)bronchioles
B)bronchi
C)glottis
D)lungs

Answer 2

D

Question 3

You are at a restaurant and a man starts to choke on a piece of steak.What must be done?

A)Heimlich maneuver
B)coughing
C)a hiccup
D)swallowing again

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When the intercostal muscles contract,pulling the rib cage upward and outward and causing the lungs to inflate,it is called ________.

A)inspiration
B)expiration
C)exhalation
D)deflation

Question 5

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the lungs is called ________.

A)inspiration
B)external respiration
C)exhalation
D)internal respiration

Question 6

The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the blood and the cells is called ________.

A)external respiration
B)breathing
C)internal respiration
D)RDS

Question 7

Which of the following is a thin-walled,rounded chamber surrounded by a vast network of capillaries?

A)surfactant
B)alveolus
C)diaphragm
D)glottis

Question 8

The amount of air that remains in the lungs after exhaling as much air as possible is called the ________.

A)vital capacity
B)expiration
C)residual volume
D)tidal volume

Question 9

Phospholipid molecules that prevent the alveoli from collapsing are known as ________.

A)laryngitis
B)surfactant
C)mucous
D)plasma

Question 10

Influenza infections themselves are usually more annoying than deadly,but the flu can be accompanied by which of the following more serious secondary infections?

A)ear infection
B)pneumonia
C)bronchitis
D)All of the above could be caused by a secondary infection after the flu.

Question 11

The maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during forceful breathing is called ________.

A)tidal volume
B)residual volume
C)vital capacity
D)total lung capacity

Question 12

Gloria was enjoying a soft drink but started to choke because this structure did not cover the opening in the larynx through which air passes.

A)larynx
B)glottis
C)pharynx
D)epiglottis

Question 13

A man is standing in line behind you and you notice that he is coughing up bloody phlegm.He seems underweight and fatigued.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis given the information in this chapter?

A)a cold
B)asthma
C)tuberculosis
D)heart disease

Question 14

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath is ________.

A)vital capacity
B)residual volume
C)tidal volume
D)total lung capacity

Question 15

Gene has a sore throat with a 101∘F fever and swollen glands.He should really see a doctor because the bacteria may eventually cause ________ within his body.

A)disease of the heart valves associated with rheumatic fever
B)asthma
C)emphysema
D)mesothelioma

Question 16

Cockroach feces and shed skins can cause a severe inflammatory response in the bronchioles and muscle spasms in the bronchiole smooth muscles.When this happens,we say the person has ________.

A)laryngitis
B)emphysema
C)asthma
D)TB

Question 17

Which enzyme speeds up the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water?

A)oxygenase
B)hydrogenase
C)carboxylase
D)carbonic anhydrase

Question 18

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the sinuses is called ________.

A)asthma
B)sinusitis
C)respiratory distress syndrome
D)laryngitis

Question 19

Which of the following is a significant function of the nose?

A)conditioning of inhaled air
B)gas exchange
C)equilibrium
D)carbonic anhydrase activity

Question 20

A rise in the blood concentration of hydrogen ions will cause ________.

A)increased vagus nerve impulses
B)relaxation of the diaphragm
C)increased breathing rate
D)decreased breathing rate

Question 21

A sharp blow to the stomach can "knock the wind out of you." This temporarily paralyzes the diaphragm,making it hard to breathe.Aside from a lack of oxygen making you pass out,what effect would this have on blood pH?

A)O₂ would build up in the blood, making it more basic.
B)CO₂ would build up in the blood, making it more basic.
C)O₂ would build up in the blood, making it more acidic.
D)CO₂ would build up in the blood, making it more acidic.

Question 22

The breathing center is located in the ________ of the brain and is responsible for the basic breathing rhythm.

Question 23

The ________ is the space behind the nose and the mouth,which most people call the throat.

Question 24

The term ________ is used to describe moving oxygen-rich air into the lungs and carbon dioxide-laden air away from the lungs.

Question 25

The ________ is the total volume of air contained in the lungs after the deepest possible inhalation.

Question 26

Sometimes premature babies suffer from respiratory distress syndrome.What substance would you administer in a breathing tube to the infant?

A)antibiotics
B)anti-inflammatory drugs
C)surfactant
D)hydrocortisone

Question 27

When exercising O₂ is depleted in muscle tissue.What effect would this have on internal respiration?

A)There would be increased diffusion of O₂ out of the blood and into the muscle tissue.
B)There would be decreased diffusion of O₂ out of the blood and into the muscle tissue.
C)There would be increased diffusion of O₂ out of the blood and into the lungs.
D)There would be decreased diffusion of O₂ out of the blood and into the muscle tissue and a decrease in heart rate to bring more O₂ to the exercising muscle.

Question 28

________ are tiny chambers within the lungs that allow for gas exchange.

Question 29

The ________ connects the larynx with the bronchi.

Question 30

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as ________.

Question 31

When exercising,CO₂ builds up in the blood.What effect would this have on external respiration?

A)There would be increased diffusion of CO₂ out of the blood and into the lungs and increased ventilation to move it out of the body.
B)There would be decreased diffusion of CO₂ out of the blood and into the lungs and increased ventilation to move it out of the body.
C)There would be increased diffusion of CO₂ out of the blood and into the lungs and decreased ventilation to move it out of the body.
D)There would be decreased diffusion of CO₂ out of the blood and into the lungs and decreased ventilation to move it out of the body.

Question 32

When a person has laryngitis he or she cannot speak.What must happen to permit normal speech?

A)Inflammation in the bronchioles has to go down before enough air can enter the lungs.
B)The swelling of the vocal cords must decrease so they can vibrate normally.
C)Inflammation in the trachea has to go down before enough air can enter the lungs.
D)The epiglottis must cover the glottis.

Question 33

When oxygen is bound to a hemoglobin molecule in the red blood cells it forms ________.

Question 34

If oxygen is present,our cells can make how much more ATP?

A)2X
B)100X
C)18X
D)1,000X

Question 35

What would happen if the trachea did not have cartilaginous rings?

A)Filtration of incoming air would be lost.
B)Incoming air would not be humidified.
C)Sense of smell would be lost and food would taste funny.
D)The trachea would collapse.

Question 36

________ is inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi caused by a virus,bacteria,or chemical irritation.

Question 37

The ________ is a thin portion of cartilage and bone that divides the inside of the nose.

Question 38

People who fight forest fires for a living might have trouble blowing out the candles on their birthday cake because their ________ is reduced.

A)tidal volume
B)expiratory reserve volume
C)residual volume
D)vision

Question 39

When someone has a sinus headache he or she often uses decongestant nasal sprays.Why are such sprays useful?

A)They reduce swelling, allowing the sinuses to drain.
B)They reduce the symptoms of sore throat inflammation, which exacerbates the pain.
C)They dry out the breathing passageways in the pharynx, making it easier to breathe.
D)They have a pain-blocking effect in the brain.

Question 40

The pitch of the voice depends on the tension of the ________.

Question 41

The opening of the larynx is called the ________.It is covered by the epiglottis,which prevents food or objects from blocking the airway.

Question 42

Some people breathe primarily through their mouth rather than their nose.Why is this a bad idea?

Question 43

What are some of the hazards of smoking? What methods does society employ to try to reduce the number of people exposed to second-hand smoke?

Question 44

In a severe allergic reaction,a person's tongue can swell up,effectively blocking the air passageways.An emergency procedure can be performed to restore airflow.Basically,a hole is cut into the passageways below the blockage to allow air to flow into the lungs.What passageway would be best for the surgical hole?

Question 45

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Intercostal muscles
B)Cartilage rings
C)Diaphragm
D)Alveoli
E)Expiratory reserve
F)Trachea
G)Inspiratory reserve
H)Pharynx
I)Sinuses
J)Bronchioles
A sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity and helps to inflate the lungs during inhalation.

Question 46

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Intercostal muscles
B)Cartilage rings
C)Diaphragm
D)Alveoli
E)Expiratory reserve
F)Trachea
G)Inspiratory reserve
H)Pharynx
I)Sinuses
J)Bronchioles
The additional volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after the tidal volume.

Question 47

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Intercostal muscles
B)Cartilage rings
C)Diaphragm
D)Alveoli
E)Expiratory reserve
F)Trachea
G)Inspiratory reserve
H)Pharynx
I)Sinuses
J)Bronchioles
These are C-shaped and you can feel them below the larynx.

Question 48

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Intercostal muscles
B)Cartilage rings
C)Diaphragm
D)Alveoli
E)Expiratory reserve
F)Trachea
G)Inspiratory reserve
H)Pharynx
I)Sinuses
J)Bronchioles
The additional volume of air that can be brought into the lungs after normal inhalation.

Question 49

Why is it not advisable to take antibiotics when you have a cold or the flu?

Question 50

Two large,open spaces called the ________ contain three convoluted shelf-like bones that increase the surface area for conditioning inhaled air.

Question 51

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Intercostal muscles
B)Cartilage rings
C)Diaphragm
D)Alveoli
E)Expiratory reserve
F)Trachea
G)Inspiratory reserve
H)Pharynx
I)Sinuses
J)Bronchioles
The narrow passageways that conduct air from bronchi to alveoli.

Question 52

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Intercostal muscles
B)Cartilage rings
C)Diaphragm
D)Alveoli
E)Expiratory reserve
F)Trachea
G)Inspiratory reserve
H)Pharynx
I)Sinuses
J)Bronchioles
The portion of the upper respiratory system that provides the passageway for food and air.

Question 53

Olney was born two months premature.According to this chapter what respiratory problem is he most likely to have and what can be done to correct it?

Question 54

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Intercostal muscles
B)Cartilage rings
C)Diaphragm
D)Alveoli
E)Expiratory reserve
F)Trachea
G)Inspiratory reserve
H)Pharynx
I)Sinuses
J)Bronchioles
The walls of these structures break down with emphysema.

Question 55

The voice-producing structure located in the throat,known as the ________,also prevents food or objects from entering the lower respiratory system.

Question 56

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Intercostal muscles
B)Cartilage rings
C)Diaphragm
D)Alveoli
E)Expiratory reserve
F)Trachea
G)Inspiratory reserve
H)Pharynx
I)Sinuses
J)Bronchioles
The cavities in the head that lighten it and warm and moisten the air.

Question 57

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Intercostal muscles
B)Cartilage rings
C)Diaphragm
D)Alveoli
E)Expiratory reserve
F)Trachea
G)Inspiratory reserve
H)Pharynx
I)Sinuses
J)Bronchioles
The passageway that connects the larynx with the bronchi leading to each lung.

Question 58

Why is the tuberculosis bacterium so hard to treat and destroy in the body?

Question 59

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Intercostal muscles
B)Cartilage rings
C)Diaphragm
D)Alveoli
E)Expiratory reserve
F)Trachea
G)Inspiratory reserve
H)Pharynx
I)Sinuses
J)Bronchioles
These muscles contract to help inflate the lungs by moving the ribs.

Question 60

The ________ are muscles of the rib cage that help to increase the size of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.

Question 61

Tuberculosis is a reemerging disease that is increasing in the United States due to an influx of immigrants and an increase in the number of immunocompromised patients,such as those with AIDS.Name two factors that make this illness particularly troublesome to track and treat.

Question 62

Exercise can trigger an asthma attack.This is especially true if someone goes for a long run on a cold morning.The two main causes of the narrowing of the bronchiole passageways can be treated with drugs that act in different ways.What are the two causes of this narrowing,and how can drugs work to counteract these conditions?

Question 63

Luz,a woman with a history of asthma,walked by a house and noticed that smoke was pouring out of the basement.Evidently,any smoke detector was either absent or not working because nobody in the home was reacting to the emergency.Luz banged on the front door and threw it open,screaming that there was a fire.The family immediately rushed out but upon reaching the safety of the front lawn,one of the children said the cat was trapped inside.Luz dashed into the now smoke-filled structure,searched around,found the cat,and emerged with the frightened but safe creature.According to the chapter,what short- and long-term problems will Luz most likely have?