Deck 16: The Urinary System

Question 1

Which of these people is most likely to have kidney trauma in an accident?

A)An obese, older individual
B)A person of average weight
C)An obese, younger person
D)An elderly person with almost no body fat

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A person has large amounts of protein in his or her urine as determined by a urinalysis.The area of the nephron that must be malfunctioning is the ________.

A)loop of the nephron
B)distal convoluted tubule
C)glomerulus
D)collecting duct

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Someone who has just had a glass of wine will soon make less of this hormone.

A)renin
B)aldosterone
C)atrial natriuretic peptide
D)antidiuretic hormone

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which pathogen would most likely be responsible for a urinary tract infection caused by improper wiping after defecation?

A)Chlamydia
B)Escherichia coli
C)Mycoplasma
D)Salmonella

Question 5

The hormone erythropoietin acts to stimulate cells that are located in the ________ of an adult.

A)blood
B)kidneys
C)spleen
D)red bone marrow

Question 6

An abrupt cessation of kidney function is called ________.

A)chronic renal failure
B)pyelonephritis
C)cystitis
D)acute renal failure

Question 7

Which of the following does not normally move to any great extent from the blood into the filtrate at the renal corpuscle?

A)plasma proteins
B)water
C)hydrogen ions
D)urea

Question 8

A hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland that regulates the amount of water reabsorbed by the distal convoluted tubules and the collecting ducts of nephrons is known as ________.

A)aldosterone
B)atrial natriuretic peptide
C)antidiuretic hormone
D)diuretic hormone

Question 9

The nephron is under hormonal control for sodium and water reabsorption at the ________.

A)glomerular capsule
B)proximal convoluted tubule
C)loop of the nephron
D)distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Question 10

Which is a hormone that reduces blood volume and pressure and increases urine volume?

A)erythropoietin
B)atrial natriuretic peptide
C)aldosterone
D)renin

Question 11

Destruction of this organ (or organs)would mean a person could no longer make urea.

A)urinary bladder
B)kidneys
C)liver
D)spleen

Question 12

Which of the following is a disease characterized by the excretion of large amounts of dilute urine caused by a deficiency of ADH?

A)diabetes mellitus
B)diabetes insipidus
C)pyelonephritis
D)cystitis

Question 13

A region of the nephron that regulates the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole,which stimulates the release of aldosterone,is the ________.

A)loop of the nephron
B)glomerular capsule
C)juxtaglomerular apparatus
D)glomerulus

Question 14

Which can be defined as the failure to completely empty urine from the bladder?

A)detrusor
B)urinary incontinence
C)urinary retention
D)urination

Question 15

The interstitial fluid in this region of the kidney has the highest solute concentration.

A)inner renal medulla
B)outer renal medulla
C)adipose capsule
D)renal cortex

Question 16

Thick,smooth muscle located at the junction of the bladder and urethra that aids in pushing stored urine into the urethra is called the ________.

A)external urethral sphincter
B)internal urethral sphincter
C)urinary sphincter
D)medial urethral sphincter

Question 17

Which of the following is a hormone that regulates the reabsorption of sodium by the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts?

A)angiotensin
B)ANP
C)ADH
D)aldosterone

Question 18

Substances such as alcohol that promote the formation of urine are known as ________.

A)diuretics
B)renal stimulators
C)antidiuretics
D)hormones

Question 19

The lack of voluntary control over urination because of the inability to control the external urethral sphincter is called ________.

A)urinary incontinence
B)renal failure
C)urination
D)micturition

Question 20

When a person's blood pH is too low,the kidneys will restore a more healthy balance by ________.

A)secreting more sodium ions into the urine
B)reabsorbing more hydrogen ions from the filtrate
C)secreting excess hydroxide ions into urine
D)slowing ventilation

Question 21

The peritoneum can function as a dialyzing membrane in a procedure called ________.

Question 22

If a person were stranded for two days with virtually no drinking water,you would expect the following to occur.

A)production of dilute urine
B)a decrease in antidiuretic hormone (ADH)secretion
C)a decrease in aldosterone secretion
D)production of concentrated urine

Question 23

Proteins are supposed to be eaten in relatively small amounts compared with other nutrients such as carbohydrates.One of the problems associated with eating large amounts of protein in the diet is the production of excess ________ by the cells of the liver.

A)ammonia
B)uric acid
C)urea
D)creatinine

Question 24

You just drank several glasses of lemonade,which is highly acidic.Which of the following will occur in your urine?

A)Your urine will contain a lot of bicarbonate.
B)The pH of your urine will increase.
C)The pH of your urine will decrease.
D)There will not be any major changes to the urine.

Question 25

________ is the filtration of the blood using artificial devices because of failure or impairment of the kidneys.

Question 26

One of the most significant complications associated with kidney failure is an inability to ________.

A)remove toxins from the blood
B)regulate blood pH
C)regulate blood volume
D)All of the above are significant complications.

Question 27

When small amounts of urine escape because of sudden increases in abdominal pressure and force urine past the external sphincter,it is referred to as ________.

Question 28

Cloudy urine would indicate which of the following?

A)water imbalance
B)too much protein in the diet
C)bacteria in the urinary system
D)low pH

Question 29

An individual is moderately dehydrated and reaches for a beer to quench his thirst.While this person thinks that he is hydrating himself,he is actually causing additional dehydration.Why is this the case?

A)The alcohol in the beer inhibits antidiuretic hormone.
B)The alcohol in the beer causes a decrease in sodium reabsorption in the nephron.
C)The alcohol in the beer inhibits aldosterone.
D)The alcohol in the beer causes an increase in the activity of renin.

Question 30

________ are the functional units of the kidneys and are responsible for the formation of urine.

Question 31

The portion of the nephron that filters blood is called the ________.

Question 32

________ refers to a decrease or complete cessation of glomerular filtration.

Question 33

Under the influence of atrial natriuretic hormone (ANP),you would expect to see an increase in ________.

A)plasma volume
B)blood pressure
C)urine volume
D)sodium reabsorption

Question 34

In the male,an enlarged ________ gland may squeeze the urethra,causing urinary retention.

Question 35

Relaxation of the ________ releases urine from the body.

Question 36

A patient has a tumor that causes her to secrete an excess amount of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).You would expect that the excessive level of ADH will ultimately cause ________.

A)decreased blood pressure
B)increased blood pressure
C)an increase in urine volume
D)increased ventilation rate

Question 37

Which of the following would not be reabsorbed (removed from the filtrate and returned to the blood)at the proximal convoluted tubule?

A)creatinine
B)urea
C)glucose
D)bicarbonate

Question 38

________ is an active form of the protein that stimulates the adrenal gland to release aldosterone.

Question 39

________ involves the relaxation of the external urethral sphincter,emptying the bladder.

Question 40

What benefit do animals get from having very long loops of the nephron?

A)They can send more glucose back to circulation.
B)They make less nitrogenous waste products.
C)They can send more water back to circulation.
D)They can excrete more salt.

Question 41

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Respiratory
B)Urinalysis
C)Urinary
D)Kidneys
E)Tubular secretion
F)Nephrons
G)Digestive
H)Urinary bladder
I)Urethra
J)Ureters
Tube-like structures that are lined with muscle and function to transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Question 42

Provide the path of the urine from the kidney to the outside.Make sure your explanation includes all structures and muscles that would be encountered as the urine leaves the body.

Question 43

A portion of the renal tubule that resembles a hairpin turn that may have short loops or long loops is called the ________.

Question 44

Compare and contrast hemodialysis and CAPD.

Question 45

The glomerular capsule and a tuft of capillaries called the ________ form the renal corpuscle.

Question 46

Why is urinalysis used for medical and drug testing? Give several examples of tests that can be performed through urinalysis.

Question 47

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Respiratory
B)Urinalysis
C)Urinary
D)Kidneys
E)Tubular secretion
F)Nephrons
G)Digestive
H)Urinary bladder
I)Urethra
J)Ureters
This is a muscular,bag-like structure that stores urine.

Question 48

What are some of the problems associated with kidney transplants and what are some ways the issues can be resolved?

Question 49

If water were flowing from area "A" to area "B" through a semipermeable membrane,we might expect area "B" to be ________ in solute concentration compared to "A."

Question 50

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Respiratory
B)Urinalysis
C)Urinary
D)Kidneys
E)Tubular secretion
F)Nephrons
G)Digestive
H)Urinary bladder
I)Urethra
J)Ureters
Cocaine would be eliminated from the body by the kidneys by this process.

Question 51

A 30-year-old female complains of frequent and painful urination.A urinalysis is performed and the results indicate the presence of bacteria in the urine.What problem does this woman have? From an anatomical perspective,explain to the patient why she is more likely to suffer from this disorder than her husband.What sort of treatment would be appropriate?

Question 52

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Respiratory
B)Urinalysis
C)Urinary
D)Kidneys
E)Tubular secretion
F)Nephrons
G)Digestive
H)Urinary bladder
I)Urethra
J)Ureters
When we wish to determine a patient's health using their urine,we perform this test.

Question 53

The ________ of several nephrons empty into a single collecting duct that eventually drains into the renal pelvis.

Question 54

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Respiratory
B)Urinalysis
C)Urinary
D)Kidneys
E)Tubular secretion
F)Nephrons
G)Digestive
H)Urinary bladder
I)Urethra
J)Ureters
An excretory organ involved with filtration of body fluids and the elimination of nitrogenous wastes.

Question 55

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Respiratory
B)Urinalysis
C)Urinary
D)Kidneys
E)Tubular secretion
F)Nephrons
G)Digestive
H)Urinary bladder
I)Urethra
J)Ureters
The elimination of solid food residues occurs in this system.

Question 56

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Respiratory
B)Urinalysis
C)Urinary
D)Kidneys
E)Tubular secretion
F)Nephrons
G)Digestive
H)Urinary bladder
I)Urethra
J)Ureters
The elimination of carbon dioxides and water and body heat occurs in this system.

Question 57

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Respiratory
B)Urinalysis
C)Urinary
D)Kidneys
E)Tubular secretion
F)Nephrons
G)Digestive
H)Urinary bladder
I)Urethra
J)Ureters
If this muscular tube were to become blocked,urine could not be expelled to the outside of the body

Question 58

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Respiratory
B)Urinalysis
C)Urinary
D)Kidneys
E)Tubular secretion
F)Nephrons
G)Digestive
H)Urinary bladder
I)Urethra
J)Ureters
The system that eliminates nitrogenous wastes,excess water,salts,and excess ions from the body.

Question 59

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Respiratory
B)Urinalysis
C)Urinary
D)Kidneys
E)Tubular secretion
F)Nephrons
G)Digestive
H)Urinary bladder
I)Urethra
J)Ureters
These are the functional units of the kidney and are responsible for the formation of urine.

Question 60

Filtrate moves from the space within the glomerular capsule to ________,the portion of the renal tubule with microvilli.

Question 61

Constant regulation of blood pH is critical.There are several ways (and several organ systems)involved in this regulation.Fully explain two different ways that regulation of blood pH is achieved through the urinary system.

Question 62

Suppose that your roommate is on a 48-hour fast for food and drink.This means that she has no nutrients or liquids entering her system.What would happen to her blood pressure and why? What hormones would be triggered by the lack of incoming liquids? Explain how these hormones work and what the end result would be concerning her blood pressure and urine volume.

Question 63

A 45-year-old diabetic has entered the hospital.Routine blood work shows that his blood pH is dropping and is currently at 7.3 (normal blood pH is about 7.4).Explain something that could be going on in the kidneys to cause a drop in blood pH.If the acidosis cannot be reversed quickly,what type of immediate treatment might the patient need to restore kidney function? There are two types of this treatment.How do they differ from each other? What sorts of complications might be expected?

Question 64

After a routine urinalysis,you get a report back from the lab.This report flags any abnormal values.For each of the values,indicate whether the test result is normal or abnormal.For any test results that are abnormal,speculate on what might have caused the abnormal value.