Deck 19: Chromosomes and Cell Division

Question 1

The most appropriate form of cell division for repairing an injured tissue is ________.

A)mitosis
B)meiosis
C)cytokinesis
D)cloning

Answer 1

A

Question 2

An entire cell cycle can be completed in about ________.

A)1-2 hours
B)24 hours
C)48 hours
D)1 week

Answer 2

B

Question 3

DNA that has wrapped around histones and is in a condensed form following interphase is called ________.

A)chromatin
B)nucleosomes
C)chromosomes
D)karyokinesis

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The separation of daughter cells is called ________.

A)karyokinesis
B)mitosis
C)nucleosome
D)cytokinesis

Question 5

A cell with a diploid number of 24 fails to undergo cytokinesis while performing mitosis so that the daughter cells do not form.How many chromosomes will be in the resulting cell?

A)96
B)48
C)24
D)12

Question 6

Which of the following characterizes Klinefelter syndrome?

A)XO
B)XXX
C)three copies of chromosome 21
D)XXY

Question 7

Oogenesis differs from spermatogenesis in ________.

A)number of functional gametes produced
B)when it is completed
C)size of gametes produced
D)All of the above are true.

Question 8

Which of the following phases of mitosis is not matched with the appropriate activities that occur during that phase?

A)anaphase: homologous pairs separate
B)telophase: new nuclear envelope forms and the mitotic spindle disassembles
C)prophase: nuclear membrane disappears
D)metaphase: chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

Question 9

Children born with Down syndrome have inherited an extra chromosome so their diploid number is 47 rather than 46 chromosomes.What is this genetic condition called?

A)trisomy 21
B)triploid
C)haploid 21
D)monoploidy

Question 10

How do mitosis and meiosis differ from each other?

A)The goal of mitosis is to produce cells that are genetically identical to the original parent cell; the goal of meiosis is to produce cells that contain twice the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.
B)The cells formed by mitosis are diploid; the cells formed by meiosis are haploid.
C)Mitosis results in the production of gametes; meiosis results in the production of cells, which are used for the organism's growth and replacement of damaged cells.
D)Synapsis and crossing over occur in mitosis to ensure new combinations of genetic material; synapsis and crossing over do not occur in meiosis.

Question 11

A process in which a sister chromatid inherited from the mother and a sister chromatid inherited from the father pair up and form tetrads and exchange DNA to form genetically diverse gametes is called ________.

A)cell cycle
B)prophase
C)cytokinesis
D)crossing over

Question 12

In which phase does the chromatin condense into chromosomes,the nuclear membrane disintegrates,and the centrioles migrate to the poles as spindle fibers are organized?

A)interphase
B)anaphase
C)prophase
D)telophase

Question 13

The exchange of genetic material during crossing over causes which of the following?

A)genetic variation
B)stasis
C)heterozygosity
D)homozygosity

Question 14

Cancer is associated with problems related to the regulation of ________.

A)mitosis
B)meiosis I
C)meiosis II
D)cytokinesis

Question 15

In which phase of meiosis I do homologues separate?

A)prophase II
B)anaphase
C)metaphase I
D)anaphase I

Question 16

Polar bodies are unique products of ________.

A)cytokinesis
B)oogenesis
C)mitosis
D)spermatogenesis

Question 17

In which stage of mitosis does exchange of genetic material between chromosomes (crossing-over)occur?

A)prophase I
B)anaphase I
C)prophase II
D)none of the above

Question 18

A process that parcels out the duplicated copies of genetic material for cell division in eukaryotes is called ________.

A)nucleosome
B)meiosis
C)histone
D)mitosis

Question 19

Human cells that have completed telophase I will each contain ________ chromosomes,which will be in a(n)________ form.

A)46; replicated
B)46; unreplicated
C)23; replicated
D)23; unreplicated

Question 20

If a cell begins mitosis with 36 chromosomes,there will be ________ chromosomes in each cell after mitosis and each daughter cell will be ________ genetically.

A)36; identical
B)36; different
C)18; identical
D)18; different

Question 21

The arrangement of an individual's chromosomes by size and centromere location is called the ________.

Question 22

Two replicated chromosomes are joined together at a region on the chromosome called the ________.

Question 23

One out of every 800 to 1000 infants born will have three copies of chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21),a condition known as ________.

Question 24

Nondisjunction could occur during ________.

A)metaphase
B)telophase
C)anaphase II
D)prophase I

Question 25

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair in meiosis is called ________.

Question 26

The preparation for cell division that precedes mitosis is called ________.

Question 27

The condition in which there is only one representative of a particular chromosome in a cell is called ________.

Question 28

The failure of either homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II is called ________.

Question 29

You are looking at diagrams of cells in the process of division and are uncertain as to what process you are viewing (mitosis or meiosis).You determine that the cells you are looking at have 7 chromosomes.You can confidently assume that these cells are in which phase based on this odd chromosome number?

A)metaphase
B)metaphase I
C)metaphase II
D)All of the above are true.

Question 30

If a sperm cell contains 6 chromosomes,it must have come from an original parent cell that contained ________ chromosomes.

A)4
B)6
C)12
D)24

Question 31

Crossing over in Prophase I and ________ in Metaphase I increase the genetic variation from one generation to another.

Question 32

What is decreased during the process of meiosis?

A)the size of chromosomes
B)the number of cells
C)the number of chromosomes
D)All of the above are true.

Question 33

________ is a syndrome that occurs in females who have only a single X chromosome (XO).

Question 34

The ________ are the 23rd pair of chromosomes that carry the traits that determine gender.

Question 35

The ________ are the 22 pairs of chromosomes not including the X and Y chromosomes.

Question 36

Oogenesis is completed at ________.

Question 37

Why is meiosis II needed for gamete (egg and sperm)production?

A)to generate genetic diversity
B)to make the gametes haploid
C)to get unreplicated chromosomes in the gametes
D)All of the above are true.

Question 38

The ________ cells are those body cells of humans that contain 23 chromosomes.

Question 39

A gene on the Y chromosome causes a rare disease.A woman married to a man with the disease has three children.The first two are daughters without the disease.The third is a son.What is the probability that he will have the gene?

A)0%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%
E)100%

Question 40

Crossing over occurs during ________ and is important because it ________.

A)telophase II; creates daughter cells
B)prophase I; generates variation
C)anaphase II; separates the homologous pairs
D)metaphase I; reduces the chromosome number by half

Question 41

Explain two important sources of genetic variation in meiosis.Evolutionarily speaking,why do you think is it important that there is recombination of the genes in meiosis?

Question 42

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Interphase
B)Telophase
C)Cytokinesis
D)Haploid
E)Metaphase
F)Gene
G)Anaphase
H)Crossing over
I)Anaphase I
This cell possesses only a single set of chromosomes.

Question 43

Each cell contains two chromosomes with genes for the same traits; these chromosomes are called ________.

Question 44

During gamete formation at the end of Telophase I the ploidy of the daughter cells is ________ and each chromosome consists of ________ chromatid(s).

Question 45

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Interphase
B)Telophase
C)Cytokinesis
D)Haploid
E)Metaphase
F)Gene
G)Anaphase
H)Crossing over
I)Anaphase I
Longest period of the cell cycle.

Question 46

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Interphase
B)Telophase
C)Cytokinesis
D)Haploid
E)Metaphase
F)Gene
G)Anaphase
H)Crossing over
I)Anaphase I
A phase in the mitotic division in which a nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes at the two poles.

Question 47

Compare and contrast the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis.

Question 48

Suppose that mitosis was used to produce our gametes.What unique problems would be encountered?

Question 49

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Interphase
B)Telophase
C)Cytokinesis
D)Haploid
E)Metaphase
F)Gene
G)Anaphase
H)Crossing over
I)Anaphase I
A phase in meiosis in which homologous pairs are separated from each other.

Question 50

A baby is born with the genotype XYY.This sort of disorder is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis.In the case of the XYY genotype,can you be certain of which parent had the nondisjunction in their gamete? Explain your answer.

Question 51

Suppose a researcher claims to be able to make a hybrid animal that is a cross between a goat and a horse.This animal has been termed "gorse." The normal diploid number for a goat is 60 and the normal diploid number for a horse is 62.Ignore the ethics here and answer the following: Based on normal meiosis,a goat gamete (haploid)should have ________ chromosomes,while a horse gamete (haploid)should have ________ chromosomes.This means we would expect our hybrid gorse to contain a total of ________ chromosomes per cell.Let's assume our researcher beats the odds and this hybrid gorse survives.Even if the hybrid survives,it is likely that it will be sterile.Referring back to the above numbers,when the hybrid produces its gametes there should be a problem.Explain what that problem will be.

Question 52

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Interphase
B)Telophase
C)Cytokinesis
D)Haploid
E)Metaphase
F)Gene
G)Anaphase
H)Crossing over
I)Anaphase I
A specific segment of the chromosome's DNA that directs the synthesis of a single protein.

Question 53

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Interphase
B)Telophase
C)Cytokinesis
D)Haploid
E)Metaphase
F)Gene
G)Anaphase
H)Crossing over
I)Anaphase I
The division of the cytoplasm,which occurs at the end of mitosis and meiosis.

Question 54

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Interphase
B)Telophase
C)Cytokinesis
D)Haploid
E)Metaphase
F)Gene
G)Anaphase
H)Crossing over
I)Anaphase I
A phase in mitotic division in which the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers.

Question 55

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Interphase
B)Telophase
C)Cytokinesis
D)Haploid
E)Metaphase
F)Gene
G)Anaphase
H)Crossing over
I)Anaphase I
The method of reshuffling genes by randomly aligning them in metaphase I.

Question 56

What are the results of nondisjunction,and why are these chromosome alterations so detrimental to an individual?

Question 57

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Interphase
B)Telophase
C)Cytokinesis
D)Haploid
E)Metaphase
F)Gene
G)Anaphase
H)Crossing over
I)Anaphase I
The shuffling of maternal and paternal forms of genes in prophase I.

Question 58

Complete the following table concerning mitosis and meiosis:

Question 59

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Interphase
B)Telophase
C)Cytokinesis
D)Haploid
E)Metaphase
F)Gene
G)Anaphase
H)Crossing over
I)Anaphase I
A phase in mitosis in which the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell .J)Independent assortment

Question 60

A 42-year-old woman becomes pregnant.Her physician recommends amniocentesis (a test for fetal chromosomal disorders).When the results are analyzed by the laboratory,it is determined that the fetus has 47 chromosomes.Name and fully explain what caused this disorder.When the woman and her husband consult a genetic counselor,they are told that this problem is likely to have occurred in the woman's egg cells as opposed to her 50-year-old husband's sperm cells.Explain why.

Question 61

Eukaryotic cell division consists of interphase and cell division.Explain what happens in the three parts of interphase (G1,S and G2).