Deck 20: Genetics and Human Inheritance

Question 1

Which genetic condition can be described as the inheritance of the heterozygous phenotype,which is expressed as an intermediate between the dominant and recessive alleles?

A)dominance
B)codominance
C)incomplete dominance
D)epistasis

Answer 1

C

Question 2

If your parents are heterozygous for a gene,what is the chance that you will have at least one copy of it?

A)0%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Paul was an orphan found wandering a city street when he was 2 years old.At age 52 he began to experience muscle spasms and was having difficulty walking.Which of the following genetic disorders is most probable?

A)PKU
B)CF
C)Huntington's Disease
D)Marfan syndrome

Answer 3

C

Question 4

If someone were heterozygous for a recessive genetic illness,then they are ________.

A)a carrier
B)pleiotropic
C)epistatic
D)allelic

Question 5

A cardiac researcher is trying to determine if a pattern of very high blood cholesterol is genetic in a group of Pennsylvania Dutch.Therefore,the scientist looks through years of medical records,plus patterns of marriage through several generations.The investigator is doing a type of hereditary research called ________.

A)back crossing
B)pedigree analysis
C)linkage mapping
D)title searching

Question 6

Albinism is due to the inability to make ________.

A)tyrosine
B)melanin
C)hair
D)collagen

Question 7

Adel has freckles,autosomal dominant,so please provide her genotype.

A)FF
B)Ff
C)ff
D)Can't say for certain it could be FF or Ff.

Question 8

When one gene causes multiple effects,it is called ________.

A)incomplete dominance
B)multiple alleles
C)codominance
D)pleiotropy

Question 9

Thalassemia is a very serious disorder that affects hemoglobin.It is caused by an autosomal recessive gene.If both a woman and a man are carriers,then what is the chance that they will have a child with the disease?

A)100%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%

Question 10

Albinism is an example of ________.

A)codominance
B)complete dominance
C)incomplete dominance
D)sex-influenced trait

Question 11

Carol has tested positive for phenylketonuria,or PKU,so let's help plan her diet when she gets to school.Which of the following things should she be most careful about?

A)beans
B)tomatoes
C)diet cola
D)potatoes

Question 12

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2)is partly hereditary and,if uncontrolled,can lead to kidney disease and heart failure and an increased risk of stroke and blindness.From this information alone,you could say that DM2 is an example of ________.

A)pleiotropy
B)epistasis
C)codominance
D)polygenes

Question 13

This blood-clotting problem is usually sex-linked.

A)hemophilia
B)sickle-cell anemia
C)red-green color blindness
D)albinism

Question 14

In which condition are both alleles apparent in the heterozygous phenotype?

A)pleiotropy
B)codominance
C)epistasis
D)complete dominance

Question 15

Mary died suddenly of an aortic aneurysm (i.e.,where one of the body's largest blood vessels suddenly bursts).What condition should her children worry about?

A)hemophilia
B)Turner syndrome
C)Marfan syndrome
D)albinism

Question 16

Specific segments of DNA that are the functional units of inheritance are called ________.

A)chromosomes
B)genes
C)chromatids
D)telomeres

Question 17

If two chromosomes have the same genes,they are said to be ________.

A)autosomal
B)polypeptides
C)homologues
D)traits

Question 18

If the two parents each are heterozygous for widow's peak and having freckles,what is the chance that any of their children will have the same phenotype?

A)9/16
B)3/16
C)1/2
D)1/16

Question 19

Which is a condition caused by a sex-linked inheritance in which a male child will bleed extensively because he lacks the physiological properties to form a blood clot?

A)color blindness
B)male-pattern baldness
C)hemophilia
D)sickle-cell disease

Question 20

In this heredity pattern,both alleles appear in the phenotype of the heterozygote.

A)codominance
B)complete dominance
C)pleiotropy
D)multiple alleles

Question 21

Babies were accidentally switched at the hospital! Mr.and Mrs.Fire both have type O blood.Which of the following four babies of the same age is most likely the Fire child?

A)baby with type A
B)baby with type B
C)baby with type AB
D)baby with type O

Question 22

Favism is a disease in which a person cannot tolerate a certain type of bean.It is caused by an X-linked,recessive gene.If Joe has it,which statement would be true?

A)All his sons will have it.
B)His daughters will carry it.
C)Joe's father had it.
D)Half of Joe's sons will have it.

Question 23

An individual with the genotype AaBbCC is able to produce what type of gametes?

A)A,B,a,b or C
B)Aa, Bb or Cc
C)ABC, AbC, aBC, or abC
D)AaBbCC

Question 24

Individuals that carry different alleles for a given gene are considered ________ for those alleles.

Question 25

A cross involving one gene between two heterozygous parents is called a(n)________.

Question 26

An autosomal recessive disorder in which a young person produces thick mucus and excessively salty sweat and has serious respiratory problems is ________.

Question 27

The presence of the ________ chromosome means that a person will probably appear to be male.

Question 28

If Hani has type A blood and his mother has type B blood,which of the following is the most likely genotype of Hani's father?

A)IBIB
B)IBi
C)ii
D)IAIA

Question 29

Often in complete dominance,the recessive allele codes for a nonfunctional ________.

Question 30

A(n)________ is someone who displays the dominant phenotype but who is heterozygous for a trait and can,therefore,pass the recessive allele to descendants.

Question 31

The ability of one gene to have multiple effects on two or more aspects of the phenotype is referred to as ________.

Question 32

The gene for Tay-Sachs disease codes for a nonfunctional form of the enzyme hexosaminidase A (or Hex
A). It has been found that a person with only one-third the maximum amount of Hex A can function absolutely normally. Please characterize the heredity of Tay-Sachs disease.

A)codominant
B)recessive
C)dominant
D)multiple allelic

Question 33

PKU is a hereditary condition only seen if a person has two copies of the gene.Therefore,it is said to be ________.

Question 34

In a family both parents have freckles and widow's peak.Both of these traits are dominant: F=freckles,W=widow's peak.They have a child that has no widow's peak and no freckles.Which one is a possible dihybrid genotype of their child?

A)FfWw
B)ffWw
C)ffww
D)FFww

Question 35

A genetic condition in which abnormal hemoglobin form,red blood cells become crescent shaped,and cells get stuck together is called ________.

Question 36

A(n)________ directs the making of a protein.

Question 37

A genetic cross between two individuals who are heterozygous for two traits of interest is called a ________.

Question 38

In a family both parents have freckles and widow's peak.Both of these traits are dominant: F=freckles,W=widow's peak.What is the correct phenotypic ratio of the next generation if the parents were heterozygous? The order of the genotypes is: Freckled with widow's peak: Freckled,straight hairline: no freckles with widow's peak: no freckles,straight hairline.

A)9:3:1:1
B)9:3:3:1
C)9:1:1:3
D)1:3:3:9

Question 39

________ are genes that exist in more than two allelic forms.The genes responsible for the human ABO blood types are an example of this phenomenon.

Question 40

The principle that states that different homologous chromosomes travel randomly to different ends of the cell is ________.

Question 41

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Autosomes
B)Phenotype
C)Incomplete dominance
D)Duplication
E)Heterozygous
F)Codominance
G)Linkage
H)Pedigree
I)Gene
J)Deletion
A situation in which both alleles for a certain trait produce functional proteins.

Question 42

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Autosomes
B)Phenotype
C)Incomplete dominance
D)Duplication
E)Heterozygous
F)Codominance
G)Linkage
H)Pedigree
I)Gene
J)Deletion
This is what chromosomes other than X and Y are called.

Question 43

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Autosomes
B)Phenotype
C)Incomplete dominance
D)Duplication
E)Heterozygous
F)Codominance
G)Linkage
H)Pedigree
I)Gene
J)Deletion
The alteration of a chromosome that involves the addition of a piece of chromosome.

Question 44

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Autosomes
B)Phenotype
C)Incomplete dominance
D)Duplication
E)Heterozygous
F)Codominance
G)Linkage
H)Pedigree
I)Gene
J)Deletion
People with dark hair usually also inherit dark eyes.Why is this usually the case?

Question 45

Why are pedigrees useful to track genetic disorders?

Question 46

What are the ethical and legal issues involved with gene testing?

Question 47

What are the differences between complete dominance and codominance?

Question 48

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Autosomes
B)Phenotype
C)Incomplete dominance
D)Duplication
E)Heterozygous
F)Codominance
G)Linkage
H)Pedigree
I)Gene
J)Deletion
The observable physical traits of an individual.

Question 49

Hakeem,given up for adoption as an infant,has red-green color blindness.Is this fact useful in helping him to track down his biological father? Explain.

Question 50

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Autosomes
B)Phenotype
C)Incomplete dominance
D)Duplication
E)Heterozygous
F)Codominance
G)Linkage
H)Pedigree
I)Gene
J)Deletion
The cause of cri-du-chat syndrome.

Question 51

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Autosomes
B)Phenotype
C)Incomplete dominance
D)Duplication
E)Heterozygous
F)Codominance
G)Linkage
H)Pedigree
I)Gene
J)Deletion
The expression of the trait in heterozygous individuals is somewhere between the expression of the trait in the homozygous recessive and homozygous dominant individual.

Question 52

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Autosomes
B)Phenotype
C)Incomplete dominance
D)Duplication
E)Heterozygous
F)Codominance
G)Linkage
H)Pedigree
I)Gene
J)Deletion
A condition in which someone has different alleles for the same gene.

Question 53

Henry has the sickle cell trait.Why might it be a bad idea for him to go on that hiking vacation that is being planned for the high Andes?

Question 54

If two genes are on the same chromosomes and we look at a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous parents,will we see a pattern of 9:3:3:1? Why or why not?

Question 55

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Autosomes
B)Phenotype
C)Incomplete dominance
D)Duplication
E)Heterozygous
F)Codominance
G)Linkage
H)Pedigree
I)Gene
J)Deletion
A chart showing the genetic connections among individuals in a family.

Question 56

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Autosomes
B)Phenotype
C)Incomplete dominance
D)Duplication
E)Heterozygous
F)Codominance
G)Linkage
H)Pedigree
I)Gene
J)Deletion
A segment on a chromosome that directs the synthesis of a specific polypeptide or protein,which may play either a structural or functional role in the cell.

Question 57

What are the advantages and disadvantages of chronic villus sampling (CVS)in comparison to amniocentesis?

Question 58

________ traits involve the expression of certain autosomal genes that are not located on the sex chromosomes but that are powerfully influenced by the presence of sex hormones,so the expression of these genes differs between males and females.

Question 59

Why is Duchenne muscular dystrophy less common in females than males?

Question 60

Duffy factor is due to a chemical that occurs on the membranes of red blood cells and is sometimes used as a blood-typing attribute in the same way that ABO and Rh factor blood types are used.Recent research has found that people with Duffy factor are about 40% less likely to be infected with HIV,given similar circumstances.Since HIV affects white blood cells,how would you characterize the Duffy factor gene and why?

Question 61

Why might some women bodybuilders who are taking illegal steroids (testosterone-like compounds)be in greater danger of going bald than other women?

Question 62

Gene testing allows the parents to learn more about their child in the pre-natal period.However,there are genetic disorders,such as Huntington's disease that show no phenotypic signs until age 35.This disease is caused by a dominant allele,resulting in degeneration of the brain,muscle spasms,and death within a decade or two.Because it is caused by a dominant allele,50% of the offspring will carry the disease.If you knew that someone in your family had Huntington's disease,would you get tested early on before you start a family and have your own children? Would you rather not know your fate,even if it means that you may pass the dominant allele of this disease to your offspring?

Question 63

Duplication can be advantageous for evolution,because while the correctly functioning DNA segment remains intact,duplication also provides new copies of genes that can be altered to new functions.Unfortunately,duplication can also result in human genetic disorders.Please provide an example of a human genetic disorder that occurs when certain DNA sequences are duplicated.