Deck 21: Dna and Biotechnology

Question 1

Which of the following is a method of gene amplification that involves complimentary primers and uses heat to unzip DNA to make multiple copies of a particular gene?

A)vector
B)polymerase chain reaction
C)sticky ends
D)recombinant

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following brings tRNA with an amino acid close enough to mRNA to permit interaction and the assembly of amino acids to form a protein?

A)DNA polymerase
B)RNA polymerase
C)ribosome
D)mRNA

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is a process in translation in which tRNA molecules deliver amino acids in the correct sequence,causing peptide bonds to form and increasing the length of the polypeptide chain?

A)initiation
B)elongation
C)termination
D)transcription

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The extra sequences of nucleotides that are excised out of the mRNA prior to leaving the nucleus are called ________.

A)exons
B)vestigial sequences
C)tRNA
D)introns

Question 5

This rare condition was the first to be experimentally treated with gene therapy.

A)sickle cell anemia
B)Down syndrome
C)SCID
D)AIDS

Question 6

The following is a part of a gene sequence: ATCAGC.What would the resulting product of transcription be?

A)TAGTCG
B)UAGUCG
C)GACGTC
D)CUGCUA

Question 7

Which of the following uses patterns of STR fragments that have been cut by restriction enzymes and sorted by size?

A)DNA fingerprinting
B)DNA sequencing
C)cloning
D)genetic engineering

Question 8

Which process converts the nucleotide language of mRNA into the amino acid language of a protein?

A)DNA Replication
B)transcription
C)translation
D)meiosis

Question 9

The base sequences that are left behind after the introns have been spliced out by enzymes are the ________.

A)genes
B)anticodons
C)exons
D)phosphates

Question 10

Which chemical carries the DNA's instructions for synthesizing a particular protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

A)transfer RNA
B)messenger RNA
C)RNA transcriptase
D)ribosomal RNA

Question 11

Segments of DNA that increase the rate of transcription of certain genes are known as ________.

A)enhancers
B)polymerases
C)short tandem repeats
D)introns

Question 12

This technique has thousands of DNA sequences on a slide and is used to determine which are active at the time.

A)microarray
B)PCR
C)recombinant DNA
D)translation

Question 13

If a mutation occurred in this area,it would not directly change the specific placement of an amino acid in the resulting polypeptide.

A)gene
B)codon
C)exon
D)intron

Question 14

The process in which a tRNA with a long chain of amino acids is released from the ribosome due to the stop codon not corresponding with a particular anti-codon that causes the t-RNA to fall off,leaving only the polypeptide chain,is called ________.

A)initiation
B)elongation
C)termination
D)deletion

Question 15

In which part of the molecule does tRNA pair with mRNA?

A)rRNA
B)codon
C)anticodon
D)gene

Question 16

The process of using each strand of a DNA molecule as a template to form a new strand is called ________.

A)semi-conservative replication
B)conservative replication
C)transcription
D)translation

Question 17

Why are the complementary base pairing rules so important when a cell needs to copy its DNA?

A)The cells need both strands to be accurate because each strand codes for one half of the gene.
B)As long as there is one strand, a copy can be made by following the pairing rules.
C)Unless the bases pair up correctly, the DNA strand can break apart.
D)Transcription cannot proceed unless the pairs are in the proper sequence.

Question 18

Which of the following is the signal that functions to begin transcription and consists of a sequence on the DNA?

A)mRNA
B)promoter
C)vector
D)exon

Question 19

A chemical that delivers amino acids one at a time in the ordered sequence specified by the mRNA strand is called ________.

A)DNA
B)tRNA
C)rRNA
D)STR

Question 20

The process in which the mRNA,tRNA,and ribosomal subunits come together during translation is called ________.

A)initiation
B)elongation
C)termination
D)deletion

Question 21

The genetic code only works because each codon is read in a specific manner that results in the correct amino acid being placed in that particular spot.What physically places each amino acid by matching up the correct codon?

A)tRNA
B)mRNA
C)DNA
D)rRNA

Question 22

Genes are really just segments of DNA in patterns of A's,T's,G's,and C's.How does an RNA polymerase "know" where to start transcribing at the beginning of a particular gene?

A)The polymerase finds the end of the previous gene and copies past that point.
B)The polymerase starts transcribing anywhere because the beginning point only counts during translation.
C)It looks for a specific promoter region that marks the beginning of a gene.
D)RNA polymerase does not know so it has to rely on the ribosome to help it start at the correct place.

Question 23

Why do transcription and translation take place in two different locations?

A)DNA is located in the nucleus, while the ribosomes needed for translation are not in the nucleus.
B)DNA is located in the nucleus, while the ribosomes needed for translation are found outside the cell.
C)DNA is located in the nucleus, while the ribosomes needed for transcription are found outside the cell.
D)Translation takes place in the nucleus, while the DNA is located elsewhere.

Question 24

If there are 64 potential codons that code for various amino acids but only about 20 specific amino acids,what must be true about the genetic code?

A)Most of the codons are not used.
B)There are two codons for each amino acid and the rest are stop codons.
C)All are used, but bacteria and plants each have 20 different amino acids each.
D)Multiple codons code for the same amino acid.

Question 25

The gene for one form of hemophilia is added to a harmless virus and then the virus is given to someone with the hereditary disease.The virus is acting as a(n)________.

Question 26

Translation occurs at the ________.

Question 27

The amount of DNA can be increased when primers are heated with a mix of the original small amount of DNA,DNA polymerase,and nucleotides in the process known as ________.

Question 28

Changes in the DNA are called ________.

Question 29

If you could not synthesize nor acquire deoxyribose in any way,you could not make the nucleic acid ________.

Question 30

The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressing gene that prevents damaged cells from undergoing cell division.If this gene ceases to function due to a mutation what will happen to the cell?

A)Tumors will be suppressed.
B)The cell will die.
C)Uncontrolled cell division will occur.
D)The cell will be prevented from undergoing division.

Question 31

UV rays from the sun cause a specific type of improper base pairing called a thymine dimer.If a cell cannot correct this problem,the section of DNA can be removed,causing a deletion of several nucleotides.What will this cause?

A)A point mutation forms that leads to a change in one amino acid.
B)A point mutation forms that leads to changes in a handful of amino acids.
C)The codons shift by one letter and all the codons before the mutation are changed.
D)The codons could shift by one letter and all the codons after that point would be off.

Question 32

________ are small pieces of DNA separate from the bacterial chromosome.

Question 33

The end product of transcription is the production of a(n)________.

Question 34

A (n)________ is composed of one sugar (deoxyribose or ribose),one phosphate,and one nitrogenous base.

Question 35

DNA fingerprinting is now widely used to tie a particular suspect to the DNA samples found at a crime scene.What benefits can be derived from this technology in fighting crime?

A)"Persons of interest" can be excluded more rapidly as suspects so police can focus on other leads.
B)A jailed convict can be proven to have not had a connection to evidence found at a crime scene.
C)Solid matches can aid a District Attorney's case in proving guilt to a jury.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 36

The ________ is used to convert the linear sequences of bases in DNA to the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Question 37

Point mutations can occur in any given cell type,but they mostly only affect that one cell and cells produced by it.What cell type,if mutated,would allow the mutation to be passed on to family members for generations?

A)glial cells like those that produce a myelin sheath
B)skin cells
C)white blood cells
D)gametes such as an egg or sperm

Question 38

A new antibiotic is developed that interferes with the way tRNA fits into bacterial ribosomes.How would this kill them?

A)The bacteria would be unable to produce necessary enzymes to carry out basic metabolism.
B)The tRNA would be unable to carry out transcription.
C)Ribosomes will not be able to produce mRNA and cell functions will halt.
D)tRNA would not unwind the DNA to allow DNA polymerase to copy it, thus cell division stops.

Question 39

RNA usually is ________ stranded

Question 40

________ is attached to a specific amino acid and transports it to the appropriate region of mRNA.

Question 41

A group of identical organisms that are all descendants from a single ancestor is known as a(n)________.

Question 42

Explain why some people fear genetically modified foods despite commercial organization claims that these foods are safe for human consumption.

Question 43

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Genome
B)DNA polymerases
C)Gene therapy
D)Guanine
E)Thymine
F)RNA polymerase
G)Codons
H)Biotechnology
I)Epigenetics
Enzymes that link the sugars and phosphates of the newly attached nucleotides to form a new strand during DNA replication.

Question 44

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Genome
B)DNA polymerases
C)Gene therapy
D)Guanine
E)Thymine
F)RNA polymerase
G)Codons
H)Biotechnology
I)Epigenetics
The RNA "words" are called this.

Question 45

Genetically modified (GM)salmon have now been approved for sale in the United States.What concerns do you think people may have?

Question 46

Some t-RNA often contains sections of non-complimentary,unusual bases (i.e.,other than U,C,A,andG)which are added after transcription.What area of the t-RNA would never contain such odd bases in a living organism?

Question 47

Gene therapy is being explored as a means of permanently correcting a defective gene to cure a disease rather than to merely treat symptoms with drugs.Ideally it would be best to correct these defective genes before a baby is even born.But if it's possible to change diseased genes,what about changing genes that regulate other characteristics like height or eye color? Would it be desirable to change the genes of babies for more cosmetic purposes?

Question 48

The nitrogenous base found in RNA but not DNA is ________.

Question 49

The text says that bovine somatotropin can be given to cows to boost milk production.Suppose that it would be possible to alter the genes of cows so that the animals always made excess somatotropin.What concerns do you think people might have about this procedure?

Question 50

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.

Question 51

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Genome
B)DNA polymerases
C)Gene therapy
D)Guanine
E)Thymine
F)RNA polymerase
G)Codons
H)Biotechnology
I)Epigenetics
According to base pairing rules,adenine will only pair with this.

Question 52

The manipulation of genetic material for human purposes,the practice of ________,began almost as soon as we began to understand the language of DNA.

Question 53

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Genome
B)DNA polymerases
C)Gene therapy
D)Guanine
E)Thymine
F)RNA polymerase
G)Codons
H)Biotechnology
I)Epigenetics
An individual's complete set of DNA.

Question 54

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Genome
B)DNA polymerases
C)Gene therapy
D)Guanine
E)Thymine
F)RNA polymerase
G)Codons
H)Biotechnology
I)Epigenetics
The alteration of gene activity without DNA sequence change.

Question 55

Both DNA and RNA polymerases must be able to copy from a template strand with great accuracy.Still,either one can make mistakes that could lead to a mutation.For which one of these polymerases would a mistake be the most serious in the long term? Explain your answer.

Question 56

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Genome
B)DNA polymerases
C)Gene therapy
D)Guanine
E)Thymine
F)RNA polymerase
G)Codons
H)Biotechnology
I)Epigenetics
According to base pairing rules,cytosine will only pair with this.

Question 57

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Genome
B)DNA polymerases
C)Gene therapy
D)Guanine
E)Thymine
F)RNA polymerase
G)Codons
H)Biotechnology
I)Epigenetics
The process of replacing a faulty gene with healthy functional genes.

Question 58

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Genome
B)DNA polymerases
C)Gene therapy
D)Guanine
E)Thymine
F)RNA polymerase
G)Codons
H)Biotechnology
I)Epigenetics
An enzyme that binds with the promoter on DNA and then synthesizes mRNA.

Question 59

Why is DNA replication semi-conservative?

Question 60

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Genome
B)DNA polymerases
C)Gene therapy
D)Guanine
E)Thymine
F)RNA polymerase
G)Codons
H)Biotechnology
I)Epigenetics
The science of making a living cell perform a task considered useful by humans in a controlled way.

Question 61

The drug Humulin is a modified form of the human insulin protein that is used to treat diabetes.Describe the process that would allow a drug company to take this gene and,using bacteria,produce large amounts of this human protein.

Question 62

Scientists study the genomes of many different living organisms besides humans.For example,organisms like fruit flies,yeasts,and mice are studied.Of what value is understanding the genes of a mouse in comparison to that of a human? Are the two even remotely comparable?