Deck 3: The Cell

Question 1

Which of these is most abundant in the plasma membrane?

A)proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)cholesterol
D)phospholipids

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Heart muscle works hard and therefore consumes much ATP.Which organelles would you expect to be especially numerous in the heart muscle cells?

A)nuclei
B)mitochondria
C)Golgi complexes
D)lysosomes

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A reddish chemical,lipofuscin,is found in greater quantities in cells of older people than in those from younger people.This chemical should be broken down in the cells.Which specific type of organelle is not working as well in the seniors?

A)lysosomes
B)mitochondria
C)nuclei
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Certain chemotherapy drugs interfere with microtubule synthesis.Which of the following would have functional difficulties caused by those drugs?

A)flagella
B)Golgi complex
C)cilia
D)All of the above would have functional difficulties

Question 5

You have a bacterial infection.Your immune system will be able to distinguish this foreign invader from other cells by ________.

A)recognizing cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
B)finding glycolipids on the plasma membrane
C)identifying glycoproteins on the plasma membrane
D)determining the presence or absence of a nucleus

Question 6

Microfilaments are made of ________.

A)actin
B)tubulin
C)intermediate proteins
D)phospholipids

Question 7

From which of these processes does the cell get the most ATP?

A)glycolysis
B)pyruvate decarboxylation
C)fermentation
D)electron transport

Question 8

The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration until equilibrium is reached can be described as ________.

A)diffusion
B)active transport
C)osmosis
D)All of the above are true.

Question 9

Calcium ions are normally in higher concentrations outside most living cells compared to the amounts within.Which of the following processes is most likely responsible for this condition?

A)simple diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)osmosis
D)active transport

Question 10

When bacteria appear in tissues,a type of large cell engulfs and destroys them.Which process are these cells using to engulf the bacteria?

A)exocytosis
B)active transport
C)pinocytosis
D)phagocytosis

Question 11

George discovered a strange purple slime in his mouth that encouraged him to visit the dentist.The dentist said the new organism was prokaryotic because it had ________.

A)circular DNA
B)DNA in the nucleus
C)relatively large cells
D)membrane-bound organelles

Question 12

Which of the following is true of both cilia and flagella?

A)They are commonly found on cells of the respiratory tract.
B)They are numerous and short extensions.
C)They move in a back-and-forth manner.
D)They have a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules.

Question 13

Suppose that a new poison has just come onto the market that will kill any organism with a nucleus.Which type of organism is most likely to survive?

A)plants
B)Archaea
C)protists
D)fungi

Question 14

Zara has worked for 40 years at a garden center where she often potted plants.In the early days,she frequently worked with vermiculite,an asbestos-like material.Which organelles are most likely to have destabilized membranes as a result of exposure to vermiculite?

A)nuclei
B)mitochondria
C)Golgi complexes
D)lysosomes

Question 15

Which of the following is found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A)ribosomes
B)endoplasmic reticulum
C)nucleus
D)mitochondria

Question 16

Which of these processes brings into the cell large macromolecules and particles by the formation of a vesicle in the outer membrane?

A)facilitated transport
B)endocytosis
C)pinocytosis
D)exocytosis

Question 17

A form of diffusion in which the molecules pass through a protein instead of between the phospholipids is called ________.

A)facilitated diffusion
B)diffusion
C)osmosis
D)active transport

Question 18

If a liver cell were to be placed in a beaker with a solution containing the same solute concentration as that found inside the cell,we would say that the beaker contained a(n)________ solution.

A)heterotonic
B)hypertonic
C)isotonic
D)hypotonic

Question 19

Which is a membranous organelle that chemically modifies and ships proteins to other organelles or out of the cell?

A)lysosome
B)chloroplast
C)mitochondria
D)Golgi complex

Question 20

Most of the energy used by the cell is converted to ATP in ________.

A)lysosomes
B)Golgi complexes
C)nuclei
D)mitochondria

Question 21

Which of the following is not a membrane-bound organelle?

A)mitochondrion
B)cytoskeleton
C)nucleus
D)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

________ is the process by which large molecules and cell products leave the cell via the phospholipid membrane.

Question 23

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Microtubules
B)ATP
C)Glycolysis
D)Electron transport chain
E)Plasma membrane
F)Flagella
G)Cristae
H)Citric acid cycle
The process of splitting glucose into two molecules of pyruvate without the use of oxygen.

Question 24

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Microtubules
B)ATP
C)Glycolysis
D)Electron transport chain
E)Plasma membrane
F)Flagella
G)Cristae
H)Citric acid cycle
Is produced along with water at the end of normal cellular respiration.

Question 25

Cellular structures that function in movement and consist of numerous short hair-like extensions from the cell are called ________.

Question 26

Ricin is a potential chemical warfare agent that kills by disabling the ribosomes.With ricin poisoning,a cell would no longer be able to make ________.

Question 27

If substantial lactic acid were found in a person's bloodstream,then which type of glucose breakdown is occurring?

A)cellular respiration
B)fermentation
C)electron transport
D)citric acid cycle

Question 28

________ is the ingestion of large molecules and foreign substances through the phospholipid membrane.

Question 29

________ are microscopic prokaryotes inhabiting,among other hostile places,hot springs and very salty waters.

Question 30

The virus that causes rabies travels up nerve cells to the brain and spinal cord.Which cell structure will allow the virus to move through the nerve cells?

A)Golgi complexes
B)nuclei
C)microtubules
D)pseudopods

Question 31

The first phase in normal cellular respiration and the only one occurring in the cytoplasm is called ________.

A)citric acid cycle
B)glycolysis
C)electron transport
D)None of the above

Question 32

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Microtubules
B)ATP
C)Glycolysis
D)Electron transport chain
E)Plasma membrane
F)Flagella
G)Cristae
H)Citric acid cycle
They serve as the working parts of cilia and flagella.

Question 33

________ are membrane proteins that aid adjoining cells to stick to each other.

Question 34

Proteins are processed and packaged in the organelle known as the ________.

Question 35

________ is a metabolic process that creates ATP for the cell by the breakdown of glucose molecules in the cytoplasm.

Question 36

Glycoproteins within the plasma membrane often have the function of ________.

Question 37

The organelle known as the ________ makes phospholipids.

Question 38

The three types of microscopes used to look at cells and parts of cells are the transmitted electron microscope,scanning electron microscope,and ________.

Question 39

Which of the following steps in normal cellular respiration ends with water being formed?

A)glycolysis
B)citric acid cycle
C)electron transport
D)fermentation

Question 40

During a 5-mile run in the high Alps,where oxygen concentration is lower,your body will produce less ATP per molecule of glucose than after the same run near sea level,where there is plenty of oxygen to supply your muscle cells.Approximately how many more molecules of ATP will your muscle cells produce per molecule of glucose at the lower elevation than at the oxygen-scarce high elevation?

A)36
B)34
C)32
D)2

Question 41

Briefly explain the differences between cellular respiration and fermentation.How do these processes differ in terms of energy output for the cell?

Question 42

Maria,a volunteer firefighter in New Jersey,rushed along with the rest of her fire company to lower Manhattan on that awful morning of September 11,2001.As they crossed over the Hudson into the city,they heard that the towers had collapsed,so they helped search through the rubble and dust from the buildings to find survivors.Maria has now developed serious health problems based on her exposure to the rubble and dust,which included asbestos and many other small particles.Which organ system and which organelle do you think is most likely failing in this brave woman's body?

Question 43

Mature red blood cells do not have a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.What is the advantage of this characteristic?

Question 44

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Microtubules
B)ATP
C)Glycolysis
D)Electron transport chain
E)Plasma membrane
F)Flagella
G)Cristae
H)Citric acid cycle
A metabolic process that completes the oxidation of glucose,yields two molecules of ATP,and releases carbon dioxide as a waste product.

Question 45

We know that infants gain from their mother's milk proteins called antibodies that protect them from specific germs.We also know that proteins will eventually be broken down by a person's digestive system.How is it that these antibodies can get into the breast-feeding infant's bloodstream intact? Use only the information from this chapter.

Question 46

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Microtubules
B)ATP
C)Glycolysis
D)Electron transport chain
E)Plasma membrane
F)Flagella
G)Cristae
H)Citric acid cycle
A cell structure that acts as a boundary between a cell and its environment.

Question 47

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Microtubules
B)ATP
C)Glycolysis
D)Electron transport chain
E)Plasma membrane
F)Flagella
G)Cristae
H)Citric acid cycle
These form the inner membranes of the mitochondria and are the site for energy production in the electron transport chain.

Question 48

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Microtubules
B)ATP
C)Glycolysis
D)Electron transport chain
E)Plasma membrane
F)Flagella
G)Cristae
H)Citric acid cycle
A process by which the NADH and FADH pass their electrons through the inner membrane of the mitochondria,producing ATP and metabolic water.

Question 49

Compare and contrast passive and active transport mechanisms,and give an example of each.

Question 50

Why might the lungs of smokers look dirtier than those of nonsmokers,assuming all other things in their lives are similar? What organelle is involved?

Question 51

What are lysosomes,and how do they work in the cell?

Question 52

Compare and contrast isotonic,hypotonic,and hypertonic solutions.What happens when a normal animal cell finds itself in any of the three kinds of solutions?

Question 53

If a new anesthetic were developed that entered the nerve cells efficiently,why would it be important for the substance to be lipophilic (dissolves in lipids)?

Question 54

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Microtubules
B)ATP
C)Glycolysis
D)Electron transport chain
E)Plasma membrane
F)Flagella
G)Cristae
H)Citric acid cycle
Cytoskeleton components that are composed of microtubules that move in a whip-like motion to propel the cell.