Deck 5: The Skeletal System

Question 1

Which of these bones form the cheekbones in the skulls of mammals?

A)nasal bones
B)fontanels
C)palatine bones
D)zygomatic bone

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Membranous areas in the infant skull that join bones and function to allow for rapid growth of the brain are known as ________.

A)fibrous membrane
B)osteocytes
C)fontanels
D)lacunae

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A cartilage disk that joins the two pelvic bones in the anterior region of the pelvic girdle is known as the ________.

A)pubic symphysis
B)sacrum
C)patella
D)pelvis

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following cells form new bone in bone tissue?

A)osteon
B)osteoblasts
C)osteocytes
D)fibroblasts

Question 5

Which of the following covers compact bone and functions in bone repair and growth?

A)endosteum
B)periosteum
C)diaphysis
D)epiphysis

Question 6

A series of interconnected bones that form the backbone of all mammals,fishes,reptiles,and birds is the ________.

A)mandible
B)scapula
C)femur
D)vertebral column

Question 7

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)can be used to treat patients with pituitary dwarfism.Today,parents are getting injections for their children to provide an advantage in sports or to enhance their appearance by making them taller.Based on what you know about the process of bone lengthening,what is the most appropriate age group to begin such injections?

A)3- to 6-year-olds
B)7- to 10-year-olds
C)18- to 21-year-olds
D)21- to 30-year-olds

Question 8

Which bones form a connection between the scapula and the sternum to support the pectoral girdle?

A)clavicles
B)vertebrae
C)humerus
D)ribs

Question 9

What forms within the spaces of spongy bone and functions to produce blood cells?

A)yellow marrow
B)osteons
C)osteocytes
D)red marrow

Question 10

Too much calcium in the bloodstream,a condition called hypercalcemia,can be very dangerous.The thyroid gland releases a hormone called calcitonin when calcium is too high.What must calcitonin do to lower calcium levels in the blood?

A)It reduces osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity.
B)It increases osteoclast activity and reduces osteoblast activity.
C)It reduces both osteoclast and osteoblast activity.
D)It increases both osteoclast and osteoblast activity.

Question 11

Forensic scientists may have to identify an adult victim who was lost in the wilderness years ago from the remains found by a hiker.What type of evidence from the bones would they look for to determine the age of the person?

A)the size of the bones and the condition of the growth plate
B)the number of bones
C)They look to see if any bones were broken, because the bones of the elderly break easily.
D)Not much can be told from just the bones to determine age.

Question 12

Which hormone causes calcium to be released from bone into the bloodstream?

A)Boniva
B)estrogen
C)calcitonin
D)parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 13

Women experience the symptoms of osteoporosis more acutely than men.Why is this true?

A)Women have less bone mass and produce less estrogen later in life, which accelerates calcium loss.
B)Women have less muscle mass and don't exercise as much.
C)Men don't produce estrogen, so they don't rely on it as much as women do.
D)Men take in more calcium in their diet, so they can't get osteoporosis.

Question 14

Two small bones found at the corner of the eyes that have a duct system that drains tears from the eyes into the nasal chambers are ________.

A)lacrimal
B)frontal
C)occipital
D)temporal

Question 15

Astronauts returning to Earth from an extended stay in space have to be extremely careful or they could break a bone.It takes several weeks to restore normal bone strength.Which would be the best regimen to rebuild the lost bone tissue?

A)Nothing special is needed, just lie around and watch TV.
B)Hit the gym and get going, with a few weeks of heavy weight lifting.
C)Several weeks of swimming will rebuild all lost bone mass.
D)Start with walking and build up to jogging, with an extra regimen of light weight lifting in the gym.

Question 16

What can cause a slipped disk?

A)slipping on the ice in winter and breaking a vertebra of the coccyx
B)improper lifting, leading to a bulge in a disk between two lumbar vertebrae
C)two vertebrae of the sacrum slipping past each other in opposite directions
D)scoliosis

Question 17

Which of these cranial bones separates the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity and provides the olfactory nerves with access to the brain?

A)temporal
B)foramen magnum
C)sphenoid
D)ethmoid

Question 18

Calcium intake is of concern to women during pregnancy.If a woman for whatever reason does not get enough calcium in her diet during pregnancy,what is likely to happen to her bone tissue?

A)She will experience severe bone loss due to the loss of estrogen production during pregnancy.
B)She may experience some bone loss due to the lack of calcium in her diet, but nothing significant.
C)She may experience significant bone loss both due to the lack of calcium and the fact that the fetus requires extra calcium that will be removed from her own bone tissue.
D)The fetus will be born without a skeleton.

Question 19

The number of bones in a newborn exceeds the number of bones in an adult.Why would the number of bones decrease over time?

A)Some bones are lost due to replacement, like the loss of baby teeth.
B)As some bones grow larger others do not and are no longer needed.
C)The bones of a baby are more fragile than an adult, so more are needed to support the weight of the body.
D)Some of the bones of babies will eventually fuse together to become one larger bone.

Question 20

Which of the following are the bones that form the bridge of the nose?

A)occipital
B)sphenoid
C)nasal
D)temporal

Question 21

After a calcium-rich meal ________.

A)parathyroid hormone stimulates the activities of osteoblasts and removes calcium from the blood
B)calcitonin removes calcium from the blood and stimulates the activities of osteoclasts
C)parathyroid hormone is released by the thyroid gland to inhibit the activities of osteoclasts
D)calcitonin stimulates the activities of osteoblasts and removes calcium from the blood

Question 22

Osteoblasts deposit ________ on the secreted collagen during the transformation from cartilage to a mature bone.

Question 23

The ________ is the site in long bones that stores fatty tissue used for energy.

Question 24

Bands of connective tissue that aid in the attachment of muscles to bones are termed ________.

A)ligaments
B)cartilage
C)tendons
D)fibrocartilage

Question 25

The ________ joints have no joint cavity and usually do not permit movement.Sutures between skull bones are this kind of joint.

Question 26

The ________ is formed from two bones that are fused at the midline directly below the nasal septum.They form the upper jaw.

Question 27

A condition in which the bone is broken down faster than it is built is known as ________.

Question 28

Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by an inflammation of tendons passing through the carpal tunnel of the wrist.What causes this inflammation and pain?

A)The tendons become stretched out to the point in which they tear away from the bone.
B)The tendons are repeatedly rubbed against bone by certain continuous hand motions.
C)The associated muscles are too weak and begin to spasm, leading to inflammation.
D)The muscles eventually fatigue and become swollen, thus swelling the tendon.

Question 29

The bones that make up the digits of the hands or feet are known as the ________.

A)metatarsals
B)carpals
C)phalanges
D)tarsals

Question 30

Which of these joints allow movement in only one plane,such as in the knee or elbow?

A)hinge
B)fibrous
C)ball and socket
D)cartilaginous

Question 31

Straps of connective tissue that hold bones together,support joints,and direct movement are known as ________.

A)tendons
B)ligaments
C)bursae
D)cartilages

Question 32

Vertebrae in the neck are classified as ________ vertebrae.

Question 33

The ________ forms the lower jaw in humans.

Question 34

Which is the appropriate treatment for a sprain?

A)First ice to reduce swelling and then heat much later to aid healing.
B)First heat to aid healing and ice later to reduce swelling.
C)Ice only because it will reduce swelling and increase blood flow to aid healing.
D)Just leave it alone. Ice and heat both make the injury worse.

Question 35

The hormone ________ removes calcium from the blood and causes it to be stored in the bone.

Question 36

Behind the palate lie two ________ that form the roof of a human's mouth.

Question 37

The ________ is composed of the vomer and a portion of the ethmoid bones to divide the left and right chambers inside the nose.

Question 38

The pectoral girdle is composed of the ________,or shoulder blades,and the collarbones.

Question 39

The main weight-bearing bone in the lower extremities is known as the ________.

A)fibula
B)tibia
C)pelvis
D)femur

Question 40

The ________ bone forms the floor of the cranium.

Question 41

Briefly explain osteoporosis and what preventative measures can be taken to reduce a person's risk of this condition.

Question 42

A(n)________ is defined as damage to a ligament that can take longer to heal than muscular damage due to a lack of extensive vascularization.

Question 43

Arthroscopic surgery is used to repair damage to the knee.What sorts of things can go wrong that can lead to damage in someone's knee?

Question 44

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Carpals
B)Osteoclasts
C)Femur
D)Lumbar
E)Sacrum
F)Humerus
G)Tarsals
H)Metatarsals
I)Osteoblasts
J)Foramen magnum
K)Temporal
Calcitonin stimulates the activity of these bone cells.

Question 45

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Carpals
B)Osteoclasts
C)Femur
D)Lumbar
E)Sacrum
F)Humerus
G)Tarsals
H)Metatarsals
I)Osteoblasts
J)Foramen magnum
K)Temporal
Eight bones that form the wrist and are connected to the radius and ulna.

Question 46

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Carpals
B)Osteoclasts
C)Femur
D)Lumbar
E)Sacrum
F)Humerus
G)Tarsals
H)Metatarsals
I)Osteoblasts
J)Foramen magnum
K)Temporal
Produced from the fusion of five vertebrae and allows an individual to sit.

Question 47

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Carpals
B)Osteoclasts
C)Femur
D)Lumbar
E)Sacrum
F)Humerus
G)Tarsals
H)Metatarsals
I)Osteoblasts
J)Foramen magnum
K)Temporal
Vertebrae in the lower back region just above the sacral region.

Question 48

Why would a scientist trying to isolate osteoblasts look on the periosteal side of a bone in a young animal to find them?

Question 49

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Carpals
B)Osteoclasts
C)Femur
D)Lumbar
E)Sacrum
F)Humerus
G)Tarsals
H)Metatarsals
I)Osteoblasts
J)Foramen magnum
K)Temporal
The seven bones that form the ankle.

Question 50

Fluid-filled sacs known as ________ function to cushion certain joints,such as the elbow joint.

Question 51

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Carpals
B)Osteoclasts
C)Femur
D)Lumbar
E)Sacrum
F)Humerus
G)Tarsals
H)Metatarsals
I)Osteoblasts
J)Foramen magnum
K)Temporal
The opening at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord passes.

Question 52

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Carpals
B)Osteoclasts
C)Femur
D)Lumbar
E)Sacrum
F)Humerus
G)Tarsals
H)Metatarsals
I)Osteoblasts
J)Foramen magnum
K)Temporal
The bone that is connected to the pectoral girdle and forms a joint with the radius and ulna.

Question 53

Explain the structure and function of the pectoral and pelvic girdles.

Question 54

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Carpals
B)Osteoclasts
C)Femur
D)Lumbar
E)Sacrum
F)Humerus
G)Tarsals
H)Metatarsals
I)Osteoblasts
J)Foramen magnum
K)Temporal
The bones in the feet that are connected to the phalanges anteriorly and to the tarsal bones posteriorly.

Question 55

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Carpals
B)Osteoclasts
C)Femur
D)Lumbar
E)Sacrum
F)Humerus
G)Tarsals
H)Metatarsals
I)Osteoblasts
J)Foramen magnum
K)Temporal
Also known as the thighbone,it rotates within a socket in the pelvis.

Question 56

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Carpals
B)Osteoclasts
C)Femur
D)Lumbar
E)Sacrum
F)Humerus
G)Tarsals
H)Metatarsals
I)Osteoblasts
J)Foramen magnum
K)Temporal
Bones that form on either side of the cranium and are thought of as the temples.

Question 57

The ________ girdle connects the legs to the vertebral column.

Question 58

Briefly explain the formation of bone in the human body.

Question 59

Why would a tall woman be at less risk of osteoporosis than a short woman,yet both would be at higher risk than a man?

Question 60

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.

A)Carpals
B)Osteoclasts
C)Femur
D)Lumbar
E)Sacrum
F)Humerus
G)Tarsals
H)Metatarsals
I)Osteoblasts
J)Foramen magnum
K)Temporal
Bone cells that break down bone tissue.

Question 61

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most threatening form of arthritis and often results in a replacement prosthesis of the damaged joint.Explain how this form of arthritis differs from other forms.

Question 62

Organized sports can be very competitive,even for young children.Little League players are often pushed to develop skills like perfecting a curve ball.However,repeatedly trying to throw a curve ball can cause injury in growing bone.What part of the bone is most likely affected?

Question 63

A patient with leukemia has blood cells that are not dividing properly and are out of control.Treatment consists of a bone marrow transplant.How would this help?