Deck 12: Leadership and Trust

Question 1

Why was the trait theory of leadership mainly unsuccessful?

A)Researchers were not able to identify a set of traits that always differentiated a leader from a nonleader.
B)Organizations found the trait theory of leadership too expensive to implement due to the high costs of testing potential leaders.
C)Research has shown that leadership traits are gender specific, so the process of choosing leaders based on traits is discriminatory.
D)Too much emphasis was placed on personality traits rather than physical traits, which have been found to successfully predict leadership.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the eight traits associated with leadership?

A)Drive
B)Intelligence
C)Introversion
D)Job-relevant knowledge

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Leadership identifies a process while leader identifies a person.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The promise of behavioral theories of leadership held that this would be possible.

A)picking a leader out of crowd
B)being able to train a person to be a leader
C)explaining why successful leaders were successful
D)eliminating ineffective leaders

Question 5

The autocratic style identified in the University of Iowa studies is similar to the ________ style identified by Ohio State.

A)consideration
B)employee oriented
C)initiating structure
D)laissez-faire

Question 6

Early leadership trait research looked to find characteristics that might ________.

A)distinguish ordinary leaders from great leaders
B)define charisma
C)identify the physical traits of leaders
D)differentiate leaders from non-leaders

Question 7

Monica's boss allows her to make any decision she thinks is important on the spot without consulting anyone.Monica's boss has this kind of leadership style.

A)laissez-faire style
B)autocratic style
C)democratic style
D)hands-on style

Question 8

If a trait theory of leadership were true, then all leaders would possess ________.

A)charisma
B)the same traits
C)different traits
D)seven traits

Question 9

Because leading is one of the four basic managerial functions, ________ leaders.

A)all managers are
B)all managers should be
C)some managers are
D)some managers should be

Question 10

The employee oriented style identified in the University of Michigan studies is similar to the ________ style identified by Ohio State.

A)initiating structure
B)autocratic
C)laissez-faire
D)consideration

Question 11

Which leadership style tends to centralize authority and make unilateral decisions?

A)cultural style
B)autocratic style
C)democratic style
D)laissez-faire style

Question 12

Ideally, all managers should not be leaders.

Question 13

The University of Iowa studies indicated that this was the most successful leadership style.

A)autocratic
B)laissez-faire
C)combination of autocratic and laissez-faire
D)democratic

Question 14

In the Ohio State studies, ________ refers to how strict a leader's standards are.

A)independent dimensions
B)comprehensive structure
C)initiating structure
D)consideration

Question 15

Leaders are ________.

A)individual people, while leadership is a process
B)the first step in the leadership process
C)individual people who study the leadership process.
D)the final step in the leadership process.

Question 16

The University of Iowa studies discussed all of the following leadership styles EXCEPT ________ leadership.

A)laissez-faire
B)democratic
C)benevolent
D)autocratic

Question 17

Behavioral theories of leadership focused on ________.

A)who effective leaders were
B)what characteristics effective leaders had
C)how to identify effective leaders
D)what effective leaders did

Question 18

The behavioral theories of leadership began around this time.

A)1900-1920
B)1920-1940
C)1940-1960
D)1960-1980

Question 19

Jared's boss encourages employees to participate in the decision-making process but does not give them complete freedom to do as they like.She has this kind of leadership style.

A)monarchial
B)autocratic
C)laissez-faire
D)democratic

Question 20

A leader is someone who has managerial authority and can influence others.

Question 21

The Ohio State studies indicated that leaders who were high in initiating structure received ________.

A)the highest employee ratings
B)the lowest employee ratings
C)the same employee ratings as leaders who were high in consideration
D)below-average employee ratings

Question 22

What important determinant of leadership became the focus of leadership theories after the behavioral studies?

A)Power
B)Charisma
C)The follower
D)The situation

Question 23

A leader who ranks 9,9 in the Managerial Grid would have more concern for people than production.

Question 24

Having leadership traits alone is not useful for identifying who is likely to be a leader.

Question 25

According to the University of Michigan studies, leaders who were ________ were associated with higher group productivity and higher job satisfaction.

A)employee oriented
B)initiating structure
C)considerate
D)production oriented

Question 26

Estéban was rated a 5,8 on the managerial grid.A good way to describe Estéban is ________.

A)high in concern for both people and production
B)high in concern for people, low in concern for production
C)high in concern for people, moderate in concern for production
D)low in concern for people, moderate in concern for production

Question 27

The Ohio State studies indicated that leaders who were high in consideration performed ________.

A)best in all situations
B)best when employee tasks were routine
C)worst when employee tasks were routine
D)best when employee tasks were non-routine

Question 28

The University of Michigan studies suggested that the most successful leaders were production oriented.

Question 29

The behavioral theories of leadership became dominant around the early 1900s.

Question 30

Trait research has given managers the ability to pick out the best leaders from a group.

Question 31

The dual nature of leadership behaviors suggests that both ________ and ________ are important determinants of leadership.

A)focus on work; focus on employees
B)focus on traits; focus on behaviors
C)situations; organizations
D)followers; leaders

Question 32

On the managerial grid, a leader who is high in both concern for people and concern for production would rate ________.

A)1,1
B)9,1
C)5,5
D)9,9

Question 33

The Ohio State studies suggested that leaders who were high in structure and low in consideration were most successful.

Question 34

Research has shown a distinct set of traits that distinguishes leaders from non-leaders.

Question 35

The big problem with the Managerial Grid is that it includes too many contingencies.

Question 36

A major goal of behavioral leadership studies is to find ways to train people to be leaders.

Question 37

The behavioral theories of leadership were developed in response to the failings of the trait theory to adequately explain and predict leadership.

Question 38

In the Ohio State studies, ________ refers to how much mutual trust exists between employees and leaders.

A)consideration of limitations
B)consideration
C)initiating structure
D)initiating ideas

Question 39

A high-high leader in the Ohio State studies achieved the highest ratings with respect to ________.

A)both employee performance and satisfaction
B)employee performance only
C)employee satisfaction only
D)employee performance for routine tasks only

Question 40

Trait theories of leadership focus on how leaders interact with their followers.

Question 41

A leader who provides maximum supportive behavior and a great deal of explicit instructions for how to carry out a task is assuming this SLT role.

A)telling
B)selling
C)participating
D)delegating

Question 42

What does Fiedler's least-preferred coworker questionnaire measure?

A)the most common leadership style among all leaders
B)leadership style of respondents who took the test
C)the most effective leadership style
D)the least effective leadership style

Question 43

________ is defined in situational leadership theory (SLT)as a high task, low relationship leadership role.

A)Telling
B)Selling
C)Participating
D)Delegating

Question 44

In a short essay, describe the University of Iowa leadership studies.

Question 45

Fiedler's LPC ratings concluded that leaders were either ________.

A)positive or negative
B)task oriented or trusting
C)relationship oriented or people oriented
D)task oriented or relationship oriented

Question 46

Which category of follower is considered to be both unable and unwilling to complete a task?

A)R1
B)R2
C)R3
D)R4

Question 47

The ________ dimension reflects the degree of trust and respect subordinates had for their leader in Fiedler's model.

A)leader-member relations
B)position power
C)task structure
D)effectiveness

Question 48

In a short essay, describe the managerial grid that emerged from the early leadership studies.

Question 49

Fiedler concluded that task-oriented leaders performed best when the situation was ________.

A)highly favorable
B)highly unfavorable
C)either highly favorable or highly unfavorable
D)moderately favorable or moderately unfavorable

Question 50

Fiedler assumed a person's leadership style ________.

A)is contingent on the situation
B)is variable
C)evolves over time
D)is fixed

Question 51

A leader who pretty much leaves employees on their own is assuming this SLT role.

A)telling
B)selling
C)participating
D)delegating

Question 52

A major criticism of Fiedler's work stated that it failed to recognize that effective leaders ________.

A)are always task oriented
B)can change leadership styles
C)cannot change leadership styles
D)are always relationship oriented

Question 53

Fiedler concluded that relationship-oriented leaders performed best when the situation was ________.

A)highly favorable
B)highly unfavorable
C)either highly favorable or highly unfavorable
D)moderately favorable or moderately unfavorable

Question 54

In a short essay, describe the Ohio State University leadership studies.

Question 55

The key to the Fiedler contingency model of leadership is to match ________.

A)leader and follower
B)leader and leadership style
C)leadership style and follower
D)leadership style and situation

Question 56

In the situational leadership theory (SLT), readiness is defined as ________ to perform a task.

A)the ability
B)the willingness
C)both the ability and willingness
D)the motivation one has

Question 57

Your boss has total control over hiring, firing, and promotions in your department.According to Fiedler's ratings of the situation, your boss has ________.

A)low position power
B)high position power
C)high task structure
D)low task structure

Question 58

In a short essay, identify and describe three traits associated with leadership.

Question 59

Jobs in a firm are quite informal.Workers are versatile and switch tasks and responsibilities depending on the situation.In Fiedler's model, this firm would be said to have ________.

A)good leader-member relations
B)high position power
C)high task structure
D)low task structure

Question 60

In a short essay, describe the University of Michigan leadership studies.

Question 61

In path-goal theory, a directive leadership style works well in a situation in which tasks are ________.

A)straightforward and unambiguous
B)ambiguous and stressful
C)highly structured
D)clearly defined

Question 62

A(n)________ leader in path-goal theory does little but set challenging goals for followers.

A)supportive
B)participative
C)achievement-oriented
D)directive

Question 63

Which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables that are associated with personal characteristics of a follower?

A)locus of control
B)task structure
C)group structure
D)formal authority system

Question 64

Leaders who are looking for exceptionally high performance from subordinates might try this approach.

A)supportive
B)directive
C)achievement oriented
D)participative

Question 65

An important trait of a(n)________ leader in path-goal theory is friendliness.

A)achievement-oriented
B)directive
C)participative
D)supportive

Question 66

A participative leadership style works well with subordinates who ________.

A)have little faith in their own ability
B)are having work group conflicts
C)have an external locus of control
D)have an internal locus of control

Question 67

Which leadership style works best with an R2 type of follower?

A)participating
B)selling
C)telling
D)delegating

Question 68

Which leadership style works best with an R1 type of follower?

A)delegating
B)selling
C)telling
D)participating

Question 69

Results from the leader-participation model conclude that it is more important to talk about autocratic and participative ________.

A)situations than leaders
B)leaders than situations
C)leaders than followers
D)followers than situations

Question 70

A leader should avoid a directive leadership style when ________.

A)tasks are highly structured
B)workers have an external locus of control
C)tasks are stressful and ambiguous
D)work groups experience conflict

Question 71

A delegating leadership style works best with which type of follower?

A)R1
B)R2
C)R3
D)R4

Question 72

A participating leadership style works best with which type of follower?

A)R1
B)R2
C)R3
D)R4

Question 73

The leader-participation model contends that leader behavior should ________.

A)never vary
B)adjust to the structure of the task involved
C)be dependent on the traits of the leader
D)be consistent from task to task

Question 74

Which category of follower is considered to be able but unwilling to complete a task?

A)R1
B)R2
C)R3
D)R4

Question 75

A(n)________ leader in path-goal theory gives specific guidance in performing tasks.

A)directive
B)achievement-oriented
C)participative
D)supportive

Question 76

A(n)________ leader in path-goal theory often makes decisions collectively with followers.

A)directive
B)participative
C)achievement-oriented
D)supportive

Question 77

In a highly structured organization, this approach seems to work best.

A)supportive
B)directive
C)achievement oriented
D)participative

Question 78

Path-goal theory assumes that environmental factors such as ________ can change a leadership situation.

A)locus of control of followers
B)personal work experience of followers
C)skills and abilities of followers
D)work group structure of followers

Question 79

The path-goal theory sees the job of an effective leader as ________.

A)providing clear instructions for followers
B)clearing the path between followers and their goals
C)defining goals for followers
D)helping followers understand their goals

Question 80

The most important conclusion from the leader-participation model is that ________.

A)a leader must keep the same leadership style no matter what the situation is
B)a leader must change his or her leadership style depending on the situation
C)a leader must try to change the situation if it does not suit his or her leadership style
D)all situations are similar