Deck 9: Foundations of Individual Behavior

Question 1

The ________ component of attitude is based on emotions.

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)affective
D)action

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Attitudes are evaluative statements concerning objects, people, or events.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

After spending several hours looking over an architect's plans, Wendy formed a new impression for a new building design.Which component of attitude did she change?

A)affective
B)behavioral
C)emotive
D)cognitive

Answer 3

D

Question 4

This "behavior" is really an attitude.

A)job satisfaction
B)turnover
C)workplace misbehavior
D)employee productivity

Question 5

When you stand at attention during the playing of the national anthem, you are revealing which component of your attitude toward your country?

A)cognitive
B)affective
C)metacognitive
D)behavioral

Question 6

All of the following are included in the six behaviors that managers try to explain, predict, and influence EXCEPT ________.

A)productivity and absenteeism
B)workplace attitudes and perceptions
C)workplace misbehavior and turnover
D)organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction

Question 7

________ is a performance measure of both efficiency and effectiveness of employees.

A)Employee productivity
B)Organizational citizenship behavior
C)Job satisfaction
D)Turnover

Question 8

Which of the following is a visible aspect of an organization?

A)attitudes
B)interpersonal conflicts
C)intergroup conflicts
D)objectives

Question 9

The goals of organizational behavior (OB)are to explain and evaluate behavior.

Question 10

Organizational behavior focuses on ________.

A)individual and group behavior as well as organizational aspects
B)group behavior only
C)individual behavior only
D)neither group behavior nor individual behavior

Question 11

Of the six behaviors that managers focus on, which behavior typically is the most troubling to an organization?

A)job satisfaction
B)workplace misbehavior
C)organizational citizenship behavior
D)employee productivity

Question 12

Define organizational behavior and describe its goals.

Question 13

Organizational behavior is primarily concerned with group interactions.

Question 14

The component of attitude that is made up of knowledge and information is ________.

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)affective
D)practices

Question 15

The three elements that make up an attitude are its ________ components.

A)cognitive, affective, and behavioral
B)affective, effective, and defective
C)cognitive, component, and affective
D)behavioral, cognitive, and misbehavioral

Question 16

Which of the following best defines organizational behavior?

A)the actions of organizations in the workplace
B)the study of the workplace
C)the study of organizations
D)the study of the actions of people at work

Question 17

Hidden aspects of an organization that OB provides insight into include ________.

A)strategies
B)attitudes
C)structure
D)objectives

Question 18

When managers influence employee behavior, they ________.

A)predict what employees will do
B)steer it in a particular direction
C)understand why a behavior occurs
D)try not to change a behavior

Question 19

Which of the following are the goals of organizational behavior?

A)to explain, document, and control behavior
B)to control and influence behavior
C)to explain, predict, and influence behavior
D)to predict, understand, and document behavior

Question 20

One of the challenges in understanding organizational behavior is that it addresses issues that aren't obvious.

Question 21

To reduce dissonance in the workplace, managers are advised to hold ________ responsible for the causes of the dissonance.

A)employees
B)both employees and management
C)fellow workers
D)external forces

Question 22

With respect to employee engagement in a job, this seems to be the most important factor to employees around the world.

A)base pay
B)respect
C)benefits
D)type of work

Question 23

The cognitive dissonance theory proposes that the factors that can mitigate the discomfort caused by dissonance are ________.

A)importance, influence, and rewards
B)influence, rewards, and goals
C)importance, goals, and status
D)influence, reinforcement, and rewards

Question 24

Which of the following would you expect to see in a company that had highly engaged employees?

A)lower employee retention rates
B)greater employee retention rates
C)a diverse workforce
D)a homogeneous workforce

Question 25

In everyday use, the term attitude refers only to the ________ component of attitude.

A)cognitive
B)informational
C)behavioral
D)affective

Question 26

The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job or actively participates in it refers to the employee's ________.

A)job involvement
B)organizational commitment
C)global commitment
D)job satisfaction

Question 27

Individuals try to reconcile attitudes and behavior so they are both rational and consistent.

Question 28

Generally, most people try to achieve ________ between their attitudes and their behavior.

A)contrast
B)synergy
C)functionality
D)consistency

Question 29

Which of the following is typically the most important reason for why managers want to increase positive job attitudes?

A)lower rates of turnover and absenteeism
B)higher rates of turnover and absenteeism
C)to decrease worker unhappiness
D)to increase worker happiness

Question 30

Rather than try to make employees happy, managers might do well to focus on making work ________.

A)easy to accomplish
B)challenging and interesting
C)challenging and difficult
D)simple rather than complex

Question 31

A person who is experiencing cognitive dissonance might justify the dissonance if he has ________ control over his actions.

A)some
B)total
C)almost total
D)little or no

Question 32

Studies show that the statement, "Happy workers are productive workers," is ________

A)completely false
B)completely true
C)fairly true
D)largely false

Question 33

A person who is being hypocritical about something that has high importance in her life would be likely to experience ________ discomfort from cognitive dissonance.

A)low
B)no
C)high
D)minimal

Question 34

After the disappointment of not getting a new position, an employee states, "That job looks like a real headache, anyway." This is an example of ________ to reduce discomfort from dissonance.

A)reducing importance
B)increasing importance
C)reducing influence
D)increasing influence

Question 35

Cognitive dissonance theory states that a person feels ________ when his or her attitudes and actions don't match.

A)comfortable
B)uncomfortable
C)confused
D)confident

Question 36

Taking a job in a repressive country that you disapprove of politically might cause discomfort from dissonance unless ________.

A)the job suits you well
B)the job offers enormous pay
C)the job offers little pay
D)the job does not suit you well

Question 37

After carefully examining the architect's plans yesterday, today Wendy has decided that she loves the new design.Which component of forming an attitude did she carry out today?

A)cognitive
B)affective
C)behavioral
D)informational

Question 38

After deciding that she likes the architect's new building design this morning, this afternoon Wendy has decided to go ahead with the project.Which component of attitude did she use this afternoon?

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)emotive
D)affective

Question 39

An employee who brags about her company to friends and recommends all company products as gifts is likely to have high ________.

A)job involvement
B)organizational commitment
C)personal commitment
D)organizational citizenship

Question 40

A manager would most likely be interested in employees' attitudes about which of the following?

A)family responsibility
B)personal responsibility
C)job satisfaction
D)past jobs

Question 41

If you are a person who dislikes making plans, you would probably score high on which aspect of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®?

A)extrovert rather than introvert
B)introvert rather than extrovert
C)judging rather than perceiving
D)perceiving rather than judging

Question 42

Emotional intelligence includes all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)cognitive skills
B)self-awareness
C)self-management
D)social skills

Question 43

Cognitive dissonance arises when people feel that their behavior and attitudes are consistent.

Question 44

If you believe that you control your own destiny, then your personality would be described as having a(n)________.

A)external locus of control
B)high Mach score
C)low Mach score
D)internal locus of control

Question 45

The extroversion versus introversion scale on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator determines whether a person is oriented ________.

A)outwardly or inwardly
B)toward gathering data or the big picture
C)logically or emotionally
D)toward planning or flexibility

Question 46

This dimension of emotional intelligence allows people to sense and understand how others are feeling.

A)self-awareness
B)self-management
C)empathy
D)social skills

Question 47

The Bell Labs and Air Force studies have shown that emotional intelligence is ________ job performance.

A)not important to
B)almost as important as academic intellect in
C)equally important as academic intellect in
D)more important than academic intellect in

Question 48

A person who takes full responsibility in both his or her successes and failures is likely to be high in this emotional intelligence dimension.

A)self-awareness
B)self-management
C)empathy
D)self-motivation

Question 49

The Big Five model of personality includes all of the following except ________.

A)extroversion
B)agreeableness
C)conscientiousness
D)intuitiveness

Question 50

Surprisingly, studies show that emotional stability is ________.

A)positively related to job performance
B)not positively related to happiness
C)positively related to job type
D)not positively related to job performance

Question 51

The sensing versus intuition scale on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® determines whether a person is oriented ________.

A)outwardly or inwardly
B)toward gathering data or the big picture
C)logically or emotionally
D)toward planning or flexibility

Question 52

________ is the unique combination of psychological traits that describe a person.

A)Character
B)Intelligence
C)Behavior
D)Personality

Question 53

The judging versus perceiving scale on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® determines whether a person is oriented ________.

A)outwardly or inwardly
B)toward gathering data or the big picture
C)toward planning or flexibility
D)logically or emotionally

Question 54

The thinking versus feeling scale on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® determines whether a person is oriented ________.

A)logically or emotionally
B)toward gathering data or the big picture
C)outwardly or inwardly
D)toward planning or flexibility

Question 55

In a short essay, define attitude and discuss the three components that make up an attitude.

Question 56

Research shows that there is a fairly strong correlation between high satisfaction and high productivity.

Question 57

Job studies show that this Big Five personality dimension was consistently important for success no matter what the job type.

A)extraversion
B)conscientiousness
C)openness to experience
D)emotional stability

Question 58

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI®)is based on ________ that are revealed in a 100-item questionnaire.

A)two dimensions
B)four dimensions
C)four personality types
D)eight personality types

Question 59

The discomfort that results from high dissonance can be reduced when an individual feels that he or she has a choice in the matter.

Question 60

If you are a person who prefers to focus on gut feelings when you make a decision, you would probably score high on which aspect of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?

A)sensing rather than intuition
B)intuition rather than sensing
C)thinking rather than feeling
D)feeling rather than thinking

Question 61

A person rating high on the investigative personality type would have the best match with which job?

A)nurse
B)mechanic
C)reporter
D)counselor

Question 62

A low self-monitoring individual would NOT tend to pursue a career as ________.

A)an actor
B)a scientist
C)an accountant
D)an engineer

Question 63

A tennis player who blames a loss on windy conditions would be likely to have ________.

A)an external locus of control
B)an internal locus of control
C)no locus of control
D)high self-monitoring

Question 64

A person who believes that "the ends justify the means" would be likely to have a high level of which personality trait?

A)empathy
B)Machiavellianism
C)self-awareness
D)social skills

Question 65

A NASCAR race car driver would be a good occupational match for which personality type?

A)risk averse
B)risk taker
C)low Mach
D)low self-esteem

Question 66

Personality is defined as a unique combination of behavioral, emotional, and thinking patterns that each person has.

Question 67

Chinese workers tend to value ________ than Americans.

A)hard work more
B)conscientiousness less
C)agreeableness less
D)agreeableness more

Question 68

In the Big Five model, emotional stability was positively related to job performance.

Question 69

________ individuals tend to be dependent on positive evaluation from others.

A)High self-esteem
B)High Mach
C)Low self-esteem
D)Internal locus of control

Question 70

A high self-monitoring individual would tend to ________.

A)have no skill in playing different roles
B)have no skill in hiding his or her feelings
C)be good at playing different roles
D)have no experience in hiding his or her feelings

Question 71

A person who rates high on Holland's social scale would probably find a good match with which of the following jobs?

A)farmer
B)painter
C)teacher
D)mathematician

Question 72

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® test can identify thousands of different basic personality types.

Question 73

Which of the following pairs would be a good match in Holland's scheme?

A)realistic: psychologist
B)investigative: golf pro
C)social: coach
D)artistic: chemist

Question 74

This kind of individual might be most likely to have legal problems.

A)low Mach
B)high Mach
C)low self-esteem
D)risk-averse

Question 75

A manager who takes very little time to make a decision probably has the trait of ________.

A)high self-esteem
B)external locus of control
C)low self-monitoring
D)high risk-taking

Question 76

According to Holland's social scale, becoming a lawyer would be a good job match for someone with this personality type.

A)realistic
B)investigative
C)conventional
D)enterprising

Question 77

John Holland's theory assumes all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)different types of jobs are suited to different personalities
B)people in jobs that suit their personality are likely to be more satisfied
C)there are intrinsic personality differences in people
D)people in jobs that suit their personality make more money

Question 78

Managers in Germany and the United States would probably agree that the most important factor for job performance is ________.

A)agreeableness
B)conscientiousness
C)social skills
D)emotional stability

Question 79

High self-esteem individuals tend to ________.

A)make excuses for themselves
B)avoid creating high expectations
C)take risks
D)avoid risks

Question 80

North Americans seem to be much more likely to have ________ than people from Middle Eastern countries.

A)an internal locus of control
B)an external locus of control
C)no locus of control
D)a variable locus of control