Deck 8: Ethical, Social, and Political Issues in E-Commerce

Question 1

The FTC's privacy approach is now focused on targeting practices that are likely to cause harm or unwarranted intrusion into consumers' daily lives.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Most adult social network participants do not have any expectation of personal privacy when using a social network.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Net neutrality refers to Internet backbone owners treating all Internet traffic equally.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The principle of responsibility means that individuals, organizations, and societies should be held accountable to others for the consequences of their actions.

Question 5

The Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA)requires schools and libraries in the United States to install technology protection measures in an effort to shield children from pornography.

Question 6

The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act has eliminated all online gambling in the United States.

Question 7

Google defends its Library Project on the grounds of fair use.

Question 8

What is the first step in analyzing an ethical dilemma?

A)Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved.
B)Identify the potential consequences of your opinions.
C)Identify the options you can reasonably take.
D)Identify and describe the facts.

Question 9

The ethical principle of Universalism states that if an action is not right for all situations, then it is not right for any situation.

Question 10

Liability is a feature of political systems in which a body of law is in place that permits individuals to recover damages done to them by other actors, systems, or organizations.

Question 11

Which ethical principle states that, when confronted with an ethical dilemma, individuals should take the action that achieves the greater value for all of society?

A)the Golden Rule
B)Universalism
C)the Collective Utilitarian principle
D)the Social Contract rule

Question 12

Which of the following is not one of the four basic principles shared by ethical schools of thought in western culture?

A)accountability
B)privacy
C)due process
D)liability

Question 13

Copyright protection protects against others copying the underlying ideas in a work.

Question 14

It is not necessarily illegal to use someone else's trademark in a metatag.

Question 15

The European Data Protection Directive prohibits the transfer of PII to organizations or countries that do not have similar privacy protection policies.

Question 16

Deep packet inspection uses software installed on client computers to collect and analyze detailed information on page content viewed by users.

Question 17

Which of the following e-commerce technology dimensions has the potential to reduce cultural diversity in products?

A)richness
B)interactivity
C)information density
D)global reach

Question 18

The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)prohibits Web sites from collecting information on children under the age of 13.

Question 19

The opt-in model for informed consent requires an affirmative action by the consumer before a company can collect and use information.

Question 20

Which of the following e-commerce technology dimensions creates greater opportunities for cyberbullying?

A)richness
B)interactivity
C)social technology
D)ubiquity

Question 21

Which of the following basic ethical concepts plays an important role in defining privacy?

A)responsibility
B)accountability
C)liability
D)due process

Question 22

Which of the following tools can companies use to track user statements and views on newsgroups, chat groups, and other public forums?

A)cookies
B)digital wallets
C)search engines
D)shopping carts

Question 23

Which ethical principle states that when confronted with an ethical dilemma, an individual should take the action that produces the least harm, or the least potential cost?

A)the Slippery Slope
B)Risk Aversion
C)No Free Lunch
D)the Collective Utilitarian principle

Question 24

Which of the following is a core Fair Information Practices (FIP)principle?

A)Choice/Consent
B)Access/Participation
C)Security
D)Enforcement

Question 25

Which ethical principle tells you that it is wise to assume perfect information markets?

A)the Golden Rule
B)the New York Times test
C)the Social Contract rule
D)the Collective Utilitarian principle

Question 26

Which of the following is not one of the issues complicating the taxation of e-commerce sales?

A)Taxes raised are used for different government purposes.
B)Sales taxes and policies vary by state and country.
C)Retailers legally only have to charge sales tax if they have operations located in the same state as a consumer.
D)Small online businesses are unable to manage sales taxes to thousands of different jurisdictions.

Question 27

Which of the following can be used to record all keyboard activity of a user?

A)shopping carts
B)trusted computing environments
C)spyware
D)DRM

Question 28

Which of the following statements about industry self-regulation regarding privacy is not true?

A)OPA members are required to implement the OPA's privacy guidelines.
B)The primary focus of industry efforts has been the use of online "seals" that attest to the site's policies.
C)Industry efforts have not so far succeeded in reducing American fears of privacy invasion.
D)The NAI's privacy policies have established the TRUSTe seal.

Question 29

Which of the FTC's Fair Information Practices (FIP)principles requires opt-in or opt-out policies to be in place?

A)Notice/Awareness
B)Choice/Consent
C)Access/Participation
D)Security

Question 30

Google's Gmail advertising has raised concerns about which of the following issues?

A)privacy
B)copyright
C)trademark
D)patents

Question 31

The sharing of a user's stored cookie information between Web sites and without the user's knowledge is:

A)legal in the United States but illegal in Europe.
B)illegal in the United States but legal in Europe.
C)legal in both the United States and Europe.
D)illegal in both the United States and Europe.

Question 32

Which ethical principle states that if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to take at all?

A)Universalism
B)the Slippery Slope
C)the Social Contract rule
D)the Golden Rule

Question 33

________ is collected data that can be used to identify and locate an individual.

A)A personal profile
B)P3P
C)Anonymous information
D)PII

Question 34

Which of the FTC's Fair Information Practices (FIP)principles requires identification of the collector of data?

A)Notice/Awareness
B)Choice/Consent
C)Access/Participation
D)Security

Question 35

Which ethical principle asks you to consider the impact of your decision if the principles underlying your decision became an organizing principle of the entire society?

A)the Golden Rule
B)Risk Aversion
C)the Slippery Slope
D)the Social Contract rule

Question 36

Which ethical principle asks you to assume that virtually all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone else unless there is a specific declaration otherwise?

A)the Golden Rule
B)the Slippery Slope
C)the Social Contract rule
D)No Free Lunch

Question 37

A social consequence of the richness of Internet information is:

A)an increase in shallowness.
B)an increase in the ease of creating misleading information.
C)very persuasive messages might reduce the need for multiple independent sources of information.
D)an increase in vulnerability to hacking attacks.

Question 38

Which of the following requires financial institutions to inform consumers of their privacy policies and permits consumers some control over their records?

A)Freedom of Information Act
B)Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
C)COPPA
D)HIPAA

Question 39

What is the FTC recommendation regarding choice as it relates to personally identifiable information (PII)?

A)Require firms to have consumers affirmatively opt-in before PII is collected.
B)Require firms to allow consumers to opt-out before PII is collected.
C)Make collection of PII illegal.
D)Require robust notice only before PII is collected.

Question 40

Which ethical principle emphasizes putting oneself into the place of others and thinking of oneself as the object of the decision?

A)the Golden Rule
B)Universalism
C)the Collective Utilitarian principle
D)the Social Contract rule

Question 41

How long does copyright protection extend for corporate-owned works?

A)25 years
B)50 years
C)75 years
D)95 years

Question 42

What is the major reason that the Internet has such potential for destroying traditional conceptions and implementations of intellectual property law?

A)the ability to make perfect copies of digital works at little cost
B)the anonymous nature of the Internet
C)the support for instant peer-to-peer communication
D)the use of standards for file formats

Question 43

Amazon has a patent on:

A)download-based sales.
B)display of third-party advertisements in floating windows.
C)one-click purchasing.
D)hyperlinks.

Question 44

"Do Not Track" falls under which of the following principles in the FTC's new privacy framework?

A)Privacy by Design
B)Simplified Choice
C)Greater Transparency
D)Scope

Question 45

All of the following are factors that will be considered in determining whether use of copyrighted material is "fair use" except the:

A)nature of the work used.
B)amount of the work used.
C)market effect of the use.
D)free availability of the work on the Web.

Question 46

Which of the following protects original forms of expression in a tangible medium?

A)trade secret law
B)copyright law
C)patent law
D)trademark law

Question 47

All of the following are data elements that are often gathered by e-commerce sites except:

A)family member identities.
B)photograph.
C)location.
D)address.

Question 48

Registering a domain name similar or identical to trademarks of others to divert Web traffic to their own sites is an example of:

A)cybersquatting.
B)cyberpiracy.
C)framing.
D)metatagging.

Question 49

Which pricing plan charges fees to e-commerce firms based on the amount of traffic they generate?

A)highway pricing
B)cap pricing
C)usage-based billing
D)congestion pricing

Question 50

Which case was instrumental in paving the way for Internet business methods patents?

A)Brown Bag v. Symantec
B)State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, Inc.
C)Ford Motor Co. v. Lapertosa
D)Ticketmaster Corp. v. Tickets.com

Question 51

All of the following statements about patents are true except:

A)it is more difficult to obtain a copyright than it is to obtain a patent.
B)the four types of inventions protected by patent law are machines, manmade products, compositions of matter, and processing methods.
C)computer programs can be patented.
D)in order to be patented, an invention must be nonobvious.

Question 52

Which of the following allows someone to obtain an exclusive monopoly on the ideas behind an invention for 20 years?

A)copyright law
B)trade secret law
C)patent law
D)trademark law

Question 53

Which of the following situations would not qualify for the fair use exception to U.S.copyright law?

A)A professor clips a newspaper article just before class and distributes copies of it to his class.
B)A journalist quotes a paragraph from a book in a review of the book.
C)A student copies a photograph of his favorite band from a Web site created by the band's record label and places it on the student's personal Web site.
D)Google posts thumbnail images of books in the Google Book Search Project.

Question 54

Registering the domain name goggle.com with the intent to divert Web traffic from people misspelling google.com is an example of:

A)cybersquatting.
B)typosquatting.
C)metatagging.
D)linking.

Question 55

All of the following statements about the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)are true except:

A)the DMCA makes it illegal to circumvent technological measures to protect works.
B)the DMCA makes Internet Service Providers (ISPs)responsible and accountable for hosting Web sites or providing services to infringers regardless of whether the ISP is aware of infringement.
C)the DMCA requires search engines to block access to infringing sites.
D)the DMCA allows libraries to make digital copies of works for internal use only.

Question 56

Registering a domain name similar or identical to trademarks of others to extort profits from legitimate holders is an example of:

A)cybersquatting.
B)cyberpiracy.
C)framing.
D)metatagging.

Question 57

All of the following are possible penalties for violating the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)except:

A)up to ten years imprisonment for a first offense.
B)fines up to $500,000 for a first offense.
C)fines up to $1 million for a repeat offense.
D)restitution to the injured parties for any losses due to infringement.

Question 58

Disputes over federal trademarks involve establishing:

A)underlying ideas.
B)intent.
C)piracy.
D)infringement.

Question 59

Which of the following technologies allows you to send e-mail without a trace?

A)anonymous surfing
B)P3P
C)anonymous remailers
D)public key encryption

Question 60

Downloading music tracks owned by record companies without paying for them is an example of a violation of:

A)patent law.
B)copyright law.
C)trademark law.
D)privacy law.

Question 61

Single words, pictures, shapes, packaging, and colors used to identify and distinguish goods are protected under ________ law.

Question 62

________ copyright infringement lawsuits are concerned with the distinction between an idea and its expression.

Question 63

________ profiles identify people as belonging to highly specific and targeted groups.

Question 64

A(n)________ is a private self-regulating policy and enforcement mechanism that meets the objectives of government regulators and legislation, but does not involve government regulation or enforcement.

Question 65

The doctrine of ________ permits teachers and writers to use copyrighted materials without permission under certain circumstances.

Question 66

The display of a third-party's Web site or page within your own Web site is called:

A)cybersquatting.
B)metatagging.
C)framing.
D)deep linking.

Question 67

Personal data that is defined as ________ information is demographic and behavioral information that does not include any personal identifiers.

Question 68

Which of the following is not one of the four stages of e-commerce governance?

A)government regulation
B)self-regulation
C)privatization
D)deregulation

Question 69

An ISP basic service plan, allowing 300GB of data transfer per month, with additional data transfer available for $15 for 50GB, is an example of a tiered plan called ________.

Question 70

Critics have pointed out that the Chrome browser's Suggest button, which suggests queries based on search terms entered by the user, is in fact, a type of:

A)worm.
B)PUP.
C)key logger.
D)malware.

Question 71

Under the ________ Act, American intelligence authorities are permitted to tap into whatever Internet traffic they believe is relevant to the campaign against terrorism, in some circumstances without judicial review.

Question 72

The four major dimensions of e-commerce ethical, social, and political issues are public safety and welfare; property rights; information rights; and ________.

Question 73

The issue of ________ pits those who wish that all Internet traffic is given equal backbone access against telephone and cable companies that would like to charge differentiated prices based on bandwidth and fees paid.

Question 74

________ involves the creation of digital images that characterize online individual and group behavior.

Question 75

Which of the following statements about e-commerce surveillance is not true?

A)Government agencies are one of the largest users of personal data gathered by commercial data brokers.
B)Google discards search information after 12 months.
C)The largest private-sector commercial data broker is Acxiom.
D)Commercial brokers of personal data combine personal identifying records with legal records such as driving records and clickstream behavior.

Question 76

Megaupload is an example of a(n)________, an online file storage service dedicated to sharing copyrighted material illegally.

Question 77

In trademark law, ________ is defined as any behavior that would weaken the connection between the trademark and the product.

Question 78

Which of the following statements about social, local, and mobile privacy is not true?

A)A single Facebook photograph can be used to identify the subject's social security number with the use of facial recognition software.
B)iOS and Android apps funnel personal location information, photos, and address books to mobile advertisers.
C)Google and Apple track and record how users interact with the apps on users' smartphones.
D)To date, there is no legal prohibition of the collection and sharing of personal data sent through mobile phones.

Question 79

The ________ of Internet and Web technology can result in work and shopping invading family life.

Question 80

________ involves bypassing the target site's home page and going directly to a content page.