Deck 5: Testing in Clinical Psychology

Question 1

Values, interest, and attitude assessment instruments remain in wide use, largely because

A) they have an exceptionally high reliability and validity.
B) they can be administered, scored, and interpreted by almost anyone.
C) they can be used to stimulate personal and career exploration.
D) all of the above

Answer 1

they can be used to stimulate personal and career exploration.

Question 2

When a person is given a pre-test before an intervention, and then another test after an intervention or training, and his or her results are compared to determine progress, this is called

A) standardized measurement.
B) criterion measurement.
C) ipsative measurement.
D) all of the above

Answer 2

ipsative measurement.

Question 3

When a test contains items that seem odd or unrelated to the construct being measured, it is likely that it has been constructed using the

A) analytic approach.
B) empirical approach.
C) psychometric approach.
D) random question approach.

Answer 3

empirical approach.

Question 4

According to Domino and Domino (2006), when is cultural bias likely to affect test performance?

A) before the test
B) during the test
C) after the test
D) both before and during the test

Question 5

A test is

A) a systematic procedure for observing and describing a person's behavior.
B) a method for assigning people to various groups.
C) usually the starting point of treatment.
D) all of the above

Question 6

The triarchic theory of intelligence

A) was developed by Howard Gardner.
B) argues that there are three kinds of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.
C) is measured by the STAT, which has been well-researched to establish its validity and reliability.
D) all of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT part of the ethical standard for psychologists' use of tests?

A) competence and professional responsibility
B) respect for rights and dignity
C) protecting test materials from unauthorized dissemination and misuse
D) all of the above are included in the ethical standards

Question 8

In what ways are values different from attitudes and interests?

A) They are fewer in number and more central to a person's belief system.
B) They have a much more clearly pronounced effect on a person's behavior.
C) They are much more directly related to intelligence.
D) Research indicates that values aren't different from attitudes and interests.

Question 9

Psychologists using the analytic approach are most likely to

A) ascertain the qualities they want to measure.
B) define the qualities they want to measure.
C) create test items that measure the qualities they have defined.
D) all of the above

Question 10

The 80%, or four-fifths rule, is a guideline the courts have used

A) to determine which 20% of the population a measure is appropriate for.
B) to label a test item as biased.
C) to ascertain the number of passing grades appropriate for criterion measurements.
D) all of the above

Question 11

The pattern of behavioral and psychological characteristics by which a person can be compared with other people is a definition of

A) intelligence.
B) aptitudes.
C) personality.
D) values.

Question 12

Test results can be interpreted based on the scores to the standardization sample, a________, or compared to a level of proficiency, a__________.

A) norm; criterion.
B) criterion; norm.
C) scale; norm.
D) valid group; reliable measure.

Question 13

The most popular intelligence test in the United States is the

A) SB5.
B) Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children.
C) WAISIII
D) STAT

Question 14

The two types of theories of intelligence presented in the text are

A) theories positing intelligence as a general characteristic and theories of specific intelligences.
B) theories of cognitive intelligence and theories of emotional intelligence.
C) triarchical theories and hierarchical theories.
D) theories positing intelligence as a practical attribute and theories of intelligence as abstract reasoning.

Question 15

The two major types of personality tests are

A) self-report and observational.
B) objective and projective.
C) intrapsychic and theory-driven.
D) empirical and analytical.

Question 16

The current revision of the Stanford Binet (SB5)

A) is not considered reliable.
B) is no longer used to diagnose gifted, learning-disordered, or intellectually-impaired children.
C) is built around a hierarchical model of intelligence.
D) postulates eight different intelligences or frames of mind.

Question 17

Kaufman describes intelligence as both

A) verbal and visual motor abilities.
B) intuitive and objective understanding.
C) higher order and basic functions.
D) the ability to solve problems and "crystallized" intelligence.

Question 18

Standardization refers to

A) consistency in the administration of a test.
B) consistency in the scoring of a test.
C) the sample on which the test was originally developed.
D) all of the above

Question 19

Which statistical method is used to determine what specific abilities or traits cluster together?

A) cluster analysis
B) correlational analysis
C) ipsative analysis
D) factor analysis

Question 20

Two principles that facilitate the elimination of extraneous variables in testing are

A) objectivity and projectivity.
B) standardization and elaboration.
C) objectivity and standardization.
D) explicity and implicity.

Question 21

What are some of the ways that testers can minimize response distortions?

Question 22

Instruments that attempt to tie testing directly to treatment

A) should be developed by identifying the most important treatment variables and then developing tests specifically to measure those variables.
B) have already been developed, such as the outcome Questionnaire-45.
C) may come about only by reversing the traditional relationship between psychotherapy and testing.
D) all of the above

Question 23

The extent to which tests can be used to specify treatment approaches or measure treatment outcomes is referred to as

A) treatment or clinical utility.
B) external or criterion validity.
C) clinical efficacy.
D) psychotherapy/assessment integration.

Question 24

Discuss the factors that have affected patterns of test usage in clinical psychology.

Question 25

Training in the administration of the _____________is no longer required in some graduate psychology programs, even though many clinicians still find it a useful diagnostic measure.

A) WAIS-III
B) MMPI-2
C) Rorschach
D) Thematic Apperception Test

Question 26

One difficulty for clinicians posed by the MMPI-2 is that there are very few interpretative and scoring manuals available.

Question 27

When a test developer uses the sequential system approach, groups of correlated items are identified as scales.

Question 28

What are some reasons that projective personality tests are still used, even though their psychometric properties are fairly poor?

Question 29

According to the Mental Measurements Yearbook, there are often several different tests designed to measure the same characteristic.

Question 30

Multifaceted intelligence tests are among the most popular psychological tests in use today.Discuss what types of diagnoses or descriptions can be made based on these measures, and which ways the scores should not be used.

Question 31

The _______ is the most influential psychological test available for the objective measurement of personality.

A) Rorschach
B) MMPI-2
C) WAISIII
D) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)

Question 32

Ipsative measures can be useful to clinicians because they can be used to measure the outcomes of treatments.

Question 33

Alfred Binet was the first person to develop a measure of intelligence.

Question 34

Both the social desirability bias and malingering can affect or bias test results.

Question 35

Aptitude tests measure proficiency at certain tasks or how well a person can perform in specific areas.

Question 36

The popularity of the Rorschach test has declined in recent years due to concerns about its reliability and validity.However, many clinicians continue to consider it useful.

Question 37

The hypothesis that states that an individual's personality will influence how he or she responds to ambiguous stimuli is called

A) the projective hypothesis.
B) the triarchic theory.
C) the psychodynamic theory of response.
D) the "big five" trait hypothesis.

Question 38

There is concern that Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences overextends the definition of intelligence.

Question 39

The MMPI-2 is so well-established that relatively few empirical studies are currently being conducted with it.

Question 40

Discuss the reasons why psychological testing lost much of its appeal during the early 1970s.