Deck 8: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapies

Question 1

When a therapist pursues a line of questioning until a client's beliefs are apparent and open to analysis, it is called

A) collaborative empiricism.
B) Socratic questioning.
C) psychoeducation.
D) a therapeutic alliance.

Answer 1

Socratic questioning.

Question 2

If a client with social phobia is encouraged to discuss the most humiliating experience that could occur to her in public, this would be called

A) in vivo exposure treatment.
B) behavioral activation.
C) catastrophizing.
D) reciprocal inhibition.

Answer 2

catastrophizing.

Question 3

Albert Ellis developed an influential pioneering cognitive therapy called

A) systematic desensitization therapy.
B) rational-emotive behavior therapy.
C) behavioral activation therapy.
D) cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Answer 3

rational-emotive behavior therapy.

Question 4

A key assumption underlying behavior therapy is that

A) psychological problems develop in a unique manner that must be addressed by specific techniques.
B) behavior problems are related to deep, underlying psychic conflicts.
C) psychological problems develop according to the same principles as do other behaviors.
D) behavioral problems are much more easily addressed than real psychological problems.

Question 5

Organized knowledge structures that influence how we process information are called

A) cognitions.
B) schemas.
C) constellations of belief.
D) attributions.

Question 6

The antianxiety treatment known as systematic desensitization utilizes the principle of

A) reciprocal inhibition.
B) consequence modification.
C) operant conditioning.
D) all of the above

Question 7

When two situations are similar enough that they generate the same response,

A) stimulus generalization has occurred.
B) the person has not discriminated between the two situations.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 8

Which of the following techniques are likely to be included in rational-emotive behavior therapy?

A) role-playing
B) sensory-awareness exercises
C) desensitization
D) all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following behaviors would an REBT therapist be least likely to engage in?

A) abrasive confrontation of the client's distortions
B) unconditional positive regard
C) strong, direct communication
D) role-playing, sensory-awareness activities, and homework

Question 10

Which of the following would NOT be considered an exposure treatment?

A) extinction
B) flooding
C) response prevention
D) all of the above are exposure treatments

Question 11

According to Aaron Beck, depressed individuals show a characteristic pattern of negative perceptions about themselves, their world, and their future.He called this

A) a maladaptive schema.
B) the cognitive triad.
C) an underdeveloped ego.
D) all of the above

Question 12

Behavioral therapists note that some psychological disorders result from clients lacking the ability to form and maintain relationships.Thus, they often include _________________as part of treatment.

A) social skills training
B) exposure therapy
C) functional analysis
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 13

Which of the following would NOT support the cognitive specificity hypothesis?

A) Persons who share certain disorders seem inclined to employ similar cognitive distortions.
B) Persons with depression often have a negative attributional style.
C) Persons prone to depression often interpret negative events as occurring because of internal, global, and stable factors.
D) Normal and abnormal behaviors are triggered by cognitive interpretation of events, rather than by the events themselves.

Question 14

The primary goal of behavior therapists is

A) to complete a thorough functional analysis.
B) to assign an accurate DSM-5 diagnosis.
C) to help the client modify maladaptive overt behaviors.
D) to help the client modify maladaptive cognitions that affect behavior.

Question 15

What a psychodynamic therapist might call __________________, a cognitive therapist would call ____________________.

A) unconscious material; automatic thoughts
B) repressed ideation; unconscious material
C) defensiveness; repressed urges
D) cognitions; schemas

Question 16

When therapists set up practice scenarios in which clients are assured of experiencing success they are using

A) modeling.
B) aversion therapy.
C) behavioral activation.
D) response prevention.

Question 17

Both observational learning and vicarious conditioning support the understanding that

A) behavior is developed through operant and classical conditioning.
B) reinforcement is more powerful than punishment in changing behavior.
C) behaviors can be learned by simply observing others.
D) structured learning is more persistent.

Question 18

Which of the following would probably NOT be amenable to exposure treatments?

A) agoraphobia and the panic attacks that precede it
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) depression
D) binge craving in bulimia

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a component of functional analysis?

A) stimulus
B) organism
C) consequences
D) observations

Question 20

Cognitions may include all but which of the following?

A) beliefs, causal explanations
B) schemas and self-statements
C) free-floating anxiety
D) problem-solving strategies

Question 21

Schemas act as filters for perceptions of the self and of the world.

Question 22

Behavior therapies have broadened to include the development of a range of social skills, such as making conversation and engaging in interpersonal problem solving.

Question 23

John has been given homework by his therapist that entails writing down events of emotional significance as they occur, along with his automatic cognitions and their intensity.This is called

A) a two-column thought record.
B) a three-column thought record.
C) clarification questioning record.
D) decatastrophizing record.

Question 24

What are the advantages for behavioral and cognitive approaches of being well-grounded in the empirical tradition in clinical psychology?

Question 25

When tasks are large, a therapist might break the task into smaller steps called graded task assignments.

Question 26

Describe some ways that newer technologies facilitate behavioral therapies.

Question 27

Relapse prevention treatment is based on the cognitive-behavior principles of

A) replacing risky cognitions with more adaptive ones.
B) reframing relapse episode as a setback, not as an excuse to resume maladaptive behavior.
C) developing better self-control strategies.
D) all of the above

Question 28

In order to maintain a positive working alliance, cognitive therapists try to avoid direct education about the power of cognitive distortions.

Question 29

Marilyn has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.Which form of cognitive-behavior therapy is likely to be recommended for her?

A) rational-emotive behavior therapy
B) dialectical behavior therapy
C) cognitive behavior therapy
D) social skills behavior therapy

Question 30

Behavior therapy is a highly regarded single method of psychotherapeutic treatment.

Question 31

Individuals tend to pay much more attention to information that supports their beliefs than that which refutes them.This is called the

A) confirmation bias.
B) attributional bias.
C) explicit belief schema.
D) tendency to catastrophize.

Question 32

Cognitive and behavioral approaches have maintained their individuality in spite of attempts to link the two psychotherapeutic approaches.

Question 33

The reason cognitive-behavioral approaches to therapy continue to be popular in training programs is

A) the techniques are straightforward and problem-oriented.
B) as a relatively "scripted" approach, it is easier for clinicians to learn than some other approaches.
C) there is solid data about the efficacy of this treatment approach for a variety of disorders.
D) all of the above

Question 34

According to cognitive theorists, if a person perceives a situation as dangerous, he will react to it as if it is dangerous, regardless of the reality of the situation.

Question 35

Although problem assessment is considered important, DSM-5 diagnosis is generally not the focus of this assessment.

Question 36

What are the three main goals of cognitive therapy?

Question 37

Beck believes that depression is caused by deeply ingrained internal conflicts that the client has not explored fully.

Question 38

What could be the advantages and disadvantages of Ellis's proposal that therapists stay very active in the process, even to the point of being challenging and abrasive.

Question 39

Elaborate on the statement in the text that "behaviors seen in psychological problems develop through the same laws of learning that influence the development of other behaviors."

Question 40

Cognitions are important because they mediate between the id and the ego.