Deck 13: Clinical Neuopsychology

Question 1

Among the benefits of using a predetermined standardized battery of tests for psychoneurological assessment is

A) costs are lower because paraprofessionals can be used.
B) it requires clinicians to cover all areas of functioning, even if no deficits are apparent.
C) they are constantly revised, so as not to become obsolete.
D) all of the above

Answer 1

it requires clinicians to cover all areas of functioning, even if no deficits are apparent.

Question 2

In most right-handed people, the left hemisphere is specialized

A) to process negative emotions.
B) to analyze visual stimuli.
C) for nonverbal analysis of information.
D) for language reception and expression.

Answer 2

for language reception and expression.

Question 3

An individual diagnosed with a temporal lobe epilepsy personality might

A) forget to care for half of his or her body.
B) avoid writing notes during lectures or discussions.
C) express that he or she has special powers and sees emotional significance in many things.
D) be particularly boring.

Answer 3

express that he or she has special powers and sees emotional significance in many things.

Question 4

The right hemisphere appears to be specialized for

A) processing the prosody of language.
B) vocabulary development.
C) forming language-based memories.
D) mediating receptive and expressive language skills.

Question 5

Among the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, consistent with damage to the prefrontal cortex, are

A) nastiness and bitterness.
B) many behaviors than cannot be seen, only inferred.
C) lack of energy and spontaneity.
D) symptoms that go away over time without treatment.

Question 6

The two theories about the relationship between behaviors and areas of the brain that led to present-day neuropsychology are

A) localization of function and equipotentiality.
B) phrenology and localization of function.
C) phrenology and equipotentiality.
D) localization of function and mesmerism.

Question 7

An emotional concomitant to left hemisphere brain damage is often

A) frustration.
B) euphoria.
C) schizophrenia.
D) depression.

Question 8

Which part of the brain is severed in order to control severe epilepsy, resulting in split brains?

A) parietal lobes
B) hippocampus
C) homunculus
D) corpus callosum

Question 9

As illustrated by the famous case of Phineas P.Gage, the frontal lobes of the brain

A) are essential for speech production.
B) are of only limited importance, and damage to them causes only limited impairment.
C) are the location of intelligence.
D) are profoundly implicated in personality, and social and emotional functioning.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a strength of the Halsltead-Reitan battery?

A) it is good at discriminating brain damaged individuals from healthy individuals
B) it adequately detects the lateralization and localization of brain damage
C) it is widely used and there is a great deal of empirical documentation of the measures
D) it discriminates well between brain-damaged individuals and those with schizophrenia

Question 11

An assessment of premorbid functioning is important because

A) it facilitates the establishment of goals for rehabilitation.
B) it allows placing of current functioning in a historical context.
C) it is important to know how much of the brain has been injured.
D) all of the above

Question 12

In general, brain areas just in front of the central sulcus are involved in

A) the reception of sensory information.
B) monitoring body positions.
C) programming motor output.
D) language operations.

Question 13

One of the major functions of the temporal lobes is

A) processing auditory information.
B) processing bodily sensations.
C) processing olfactory stimuli.
D) all of the above

Question 14

The unique approach initiated by Halstead for the diagnosis of neurological difficulties was

A) using a tachistoscope.
B) using a battery of tests of different functions.
C) using paraprofessionals to administer measures.
D) al of the above

Question 15

Executive functions

A) include planning, organizing, and anticipating future events.
B) require the integration of many areas of the brain.
C) are largely mediated by the frontal lobes of the brain.
D) all of the above

Question 16

Clinical neuropsychologists

A) conduct assessments that lead to identification of neurological impairments.
B) help quantify the severity of psychological deficits caused by brain injury.
C) help formulate regimens for rehabilitation and recovery from brain damage.
D) all of the above

Question 17

The concept of modularity implies that the brain

A) is divided into discrete sections that operate relatively independently.
B) is divided into regions that receive and process information uniquely.
C) has three major divisions.
D) is a single module that operates globally.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the three functional systems Luria described?

A) brain stem system
B) posterior cortex for obtaining, processing, and storing information
C) limbic system for processing emotions
D) anterior cortex for planning, regulating, and verifying mental operations

Question 19

Research on learning disorders indicates that many language-based disabilities

A) are related to dysfunctions in the left-hemisphere.
B) correlate with microstructural variations in certain left-hemisphere pathways.
C) may be related to differing structures in the left-hemisphere.
D) all of the above

Question 20

The parietal lobes are

A) to receive direct sensory information.
B) specialized for the processing of visual information.
C) considered "association" cortex because they integrate information from several modules.
D) often implicated in epilepsy.

Question 21

Localized brain damage can cause emotional effects, such as depression.

Question 22

Describe the types of behavior that might be manifested by an individual with severe frontal lobe damage.

Question 23

Although the concepts of laterality are well-established, in most cases, psychological functions involve both sides of the brain.

Question 24

Neuropsychologists have finally developed a complete and integrated account of schizophrenia.

Question 25

Recent findings support the notion that the right hemisphere of the brain is less important to human functioning than the left hemisphere.

Question 26

Ectopias are

A) the outer layers of brain regions.
B) tests for learning diorders.
C) misplaced brain cells.
D) implicated in schizophrenia.

Question 27

Explain how nonverbal learning disabilities can affect attachment processes early in development.

Question 28

According to the modular view, even complicated functions, such as attention, are "controlled" by single brain areas.

Question 29

Because the symptoms can be subtle, a child with nonverbal learning disorders may be labeled

A) as having emotional problems.
B) as being behaviorally disturbed.
C) as being uncooperative.
D) all of the above

Question 30

One clear indication that clinical neuropsychology is a field that will continue to develop is that

A) the APA Division of clinical neuropsychology is now one of the largest divisions of the APA.
B) guidelines for the training of neuropsychologists have been developed.
C) technological advances are becoming more accessible to both researchers and clinicians.
D) all of the above

Question 31

A child who scores very high on the verbal subscales of the WISC-IV but displays poor spatial abilities and visual motor skills, may be diagnosed as having

A) depression.
B) schizophrenia.
C) a nonverbal learning disorder.
D) dyslexia.

Question 32

Blindness is the most common problem associated with parietal lobe dysfunction.

Question 33

The Halstad Reitan Battery is a flexible set of measures that clinicians can use as they find appropriate for a given client.

Question 34

Describe the various ways brain lateralization is studied.

Question 35

Which of the following developments has led to an increasing need for good neuropsychologists?

A) the development and refinement of neuroimaging techniques.
B) the increased understanding of the neurological correlates of many disorders.
C) medical advances that enable individuals to live long after strokes, and other brain trauma, and therefore to need rehabilitation.
D) all of the above

Question 36

If test batteries for neurological assessment provide good validity, and are preferred for expert testimony in court cases, why might a clinician choose to use an individualized assessment?

Question 37

Is the right hemisphere really the inferior hemisphere? Why or why not?

Question 38

Apraxia refers to disordered language abilities, while amnesia refers to disorders of memory.

Question 39

Neuropsychology seeks to understand the relationship between brain processes and human behavior and psychological functioning.

Question 40

A client always takes metaphors literally.If the client is an adult, one might suspect right hemisphere dysfunction.