Deck 15: Underprivileged Deviance

Question 1

The author of the text feels that the most important aspect of robbery as a violent crime is the

A)rejection of violence.
B)thrill of violence.
C)actual use of violence.
D)potential for violence.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Apprehension is most likely to which of the following robbers?

A)addict robbers
B)alcoholic robbers
C)professional robbers
D)opportunist robbers

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Today,most robbery is likely to be

A)intraracial.
B)interracial.
C)unarmed.
D)the robbery of a bank.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

____________ is the primary motivation for most robbers.

A)Fame
B)Money
C)Thrills
D)Power

Question 5

Bank robberies are

A)the most common type of robbery.
B)not very common,but are rising steadily.
C)relatively rare.
D)virtually nonexistent.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the patterns of robbery is NOT true?

A)Robbery occurs most frequently in the cold winter months.
B)Most robberies take place outdoor.
C)Most robberies result in large amounts of stolen money.
D)Most robberies today are armed.

Question 7

The majority of robberies are

A)carefully planned and executed.
B)unsuccessful.
C)entirely unplanned.
D)over-planned but unsuccessful.

Question 8

In Conklin's view,the robbers of today

A)are very much like the robbers of the 1930s.
B)tend to commit robbery more as a crime of passion.
C)are likely to commit robbery out of a sense of relative deprivation.
D)find the risks of crime much greater than before.

Question 9

As a property crime,robbery

A)entails the use of violence against the victim.
B)is basically similar to murder or rape.
C)is a relatively rational,calculated act.
D)requires little decision making.

Question 10

When robbers consider the selection of a target,they consider how lucrative an establishment is and

A)the personality of the potential victim.
B)the fame gained from the robbery.
C)the risk of arrest.
D)who to frame for the job.

Question 11

In his study of robbery,Conklin discovered that a gun serves

A)as a subtle method for most robbers to satisfy their psychological need to dominate others.
B)as simply a means for most robbers to successfully execute a robbery.
C)both expressive and instrumental functions for most robbers.
D)to increase the probability of killing or hurting others.

Question 12

Even with a massive drop,this kind of property crime continues to account for a significant proportion of all property lost to crime.

A)shoplifting
B)bank robbery
C)mugging
D)auto theft

Question 13

The opportunist robber

A)is probably the least common type of robber.
B)shows deep commitment to robbery.
C)frequently plans and commits robbery.
D)usually shoplifts.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of a professional robber?

A)a profound sense of guilt
B)a disrespect for authority
C)a tendency to see their crime as an honest enterprise
D)frequent arguing and conflict in their families

Question 15

According to studies by Leroy Gould,robbery rates tend to increase during times of

A)economic abundance.
B)economic depression.
C)absolute deprivation.
D)cutbacks in police and government services.

Question 16

All of the following are reasons a weapon can help robbers accomplish their goal efficiently,EXCEPT

A)enhancing the robbers' sense of manhood.
B)creating a buffer zone between the offender and the victim.
C)intimidating the victim.
D)helping ensure an escape.

Question 17

All of the following are characteristics of underprivileged deviance EXCEPT that it is

A)always highly profitable.
B)usually done by persons who are poor and powerless.
C)more liable to be punished severely.
D)widely seen as disreputable.

Question 18

The use of actual violence is more likely in a(n)__________ robbery.

A)armed
B)unarmed
C)profitable
D)nighttime

Question 19

What type of robber is most likely to get caught?

A)addict robbers
B)alcoholic robbers
C)professional robbers
D)opportunist robbers

Question 20

What has become a major concern with auto thefts in the 1990s?

A)the use of violence
B)joyriding
C)stealing a car to commit another crime
D)the number of auto thieves arrested

Question 21

The main reason why it is impossible to stamp out organized crime is because

A)they have corrupted the police too extensively.
B)the government laws are too weak.
C)they have penetrated into the conventional business world.
D)there will always be immigrants who are willing to engage in illegal activities.

Question 22

Taking over businesses and hiring professional arsonists to burn buildings and their contents,and operating a record and tape business to make counterfeit albums are examples of the organized crime activity of

A)labor racketeering.
B)corruption of public officials.
C)organized theft.
D)infiltrating legitimate business.

Question 23

The history of ethnic succession in organized crime suggests that an ethnic gang has to go through several stages before it can attain supremacy.Which of the following is NOT one of those stages?

A)Common street criminals get together to extort or otherwise victimize residents of their own neighborhood.
B)The intervention and sponsorship of one group by another,more successful ethnic organized crime group.
C)Different gangs are compelled to compete with one another in dominating the crime scene.
D)Gangs resolve their conflict by forming a larger crime organization that allocates turfs to gangs and settles intergang disputes through peaceful means.

Question 24

The primary motivation for burglary is

A)subsistence needs.
B)the thrill of entering a home.
C)expressive needs.
D)to demonstrate technical skills.

Question 25

About __________ percent of American stores' total merchandise is shoplifted.

A)1.5
B)5.5
C)12
D)23

Question 26

According to the text,all of the following are motivations for teenagers to shoplift,EXCEPT for

A)real economic needs for food and shelter.
B)a sense of thrill.
C)a need for acceptance by peers.
D)rationalizing the theft as not serious.

Question 27

All of the following are reasons for the great upsurge in auto thefts,EXCEPT for

A)inadequate law enforcement.
B)a desire to use violence against the wealthy.
C)abundant opportunities for stealing cars.
D)increased profitability of stolen cars.

Question 28

What time is a burglary most likely to occur? 10-11 p.m.
4-5 a.m.
5-7 p.m.
9-11 a.m.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT part of the social profile of shoplifters?

A)They are professionals or boosters.
B)They are usually young.
C)They are more usually men.
D)They are more likely to be poor.

Question 30

To ensure the house they break into is empty,most burglars will use a variety of tricks.Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A)checking the water meter
B)leaving a card in the door
C)making repeated telephone calls
D)posing as a sales person

Question 31

To avoid frightening away their patrons,store owners euphemistically refer to shoplifting as

A)burglary.
B)shrinkage.
C)rip-offs.
D)robbery.

Question 32

The text points out that the current unleashing of criminal talents in the early stages of Russian capitalism

A)closely resembles the growth of capitalism in America.
B)shows the impact of severe social disorder.
C)reveals deep defects in the Russian national character.
D)has led to more bribery and ruthless behavior than in any other capitalist country.

Question 33

The two basic characteristics of organized crime are a well-defined hierarchy of positions and

A)the routine use of violence.
B)taking unusual risks to make money.
C)a strict code of conduct.
D)exclusive members of persons of Italian descent.

Question 34

Participants in organized crime in American society are

A)engaged in truly deviant behavior.
B)almost as numerous as participants in organized crime activities in Russia.
C)trying to achieve the American dream.
D)largely repressed by the FBI and the police.

Question 35

Most sociologists consider robbery more of a violent crime than a property crime.

Question 36

Which of the following is part of organized crime's code of conduct?

A)loyalty to other members of the group
B)a willingness to act in extreme ways
C)membership in the Catholic religion
D)sophisticated dress and life-style

Question 37

The car jacking type of auto theft has increased because of

A)thrill seeking.
B)a greater need among the youth for respect from their peers.
C)the increased sophistication of car security devices.
D)racial friction.

Question 38

In Japan,the Yakuza gangs are

A)all but eliminated from Japanese society.
B)largely in control of the government.
C)involved in legal organizations.
D)separated from the larger society.

Question 39

According to the authors of the text,African American,Asian,and Hispanic gangs seem to be stuck in the __________ stage of ethnic succession in organized crime.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 40

The opportunity for committing burglary largely stems from

A)the increased desperation of burglars.
B)the frequent absence of capable guardians.
C)the naive trust of many homeowners who leave their doors open.
D)television,which teaches burglary ideology and skills.

Question 41

The professional robber is committed to the crime of robbery,but it is seldom profitable because it carries too much risk.

Question 42

Many young shoplifters commit the offense not because of real economic need but because of desire to buy designer clothes.

Question 43

Most professional robbers consider their work legitimate.

Question 44

According to relative deprivation theory of robbery,robbery is caused by feelings of frustration from failing to realize heightened expectations in the lower classes.

Question 45

Gould's theory of robbery tried to explain the high rates of property crime in times of economic scarcity and the low rates in times of abundance.

Question 46

Conklin discovered that most robbers use firearms to create a buffer zone between them and their victims and to help ensure escape.

Question 47

The addict robber characteristically resorts to physical violence when committing a robbery.

Question 48

Most robberies are well planned and organized.

Question 49

Violence is more likely to occur in unarmed robbery.

Question 50

Few burglars carefully check on whether a house is empty because such attempts would alert residents and the police to the planning of a burglary.

Question 51

Like robbers,burglars confront their victims.

Question 52

Robberies tend to occur more in the rural areas.

Question 53

Snitches are professional criminals who shoplift for profit.

Question 54

The type of robbers who get arrested most often are alcoholic robbers.

Question 55

Actual violence is more likely to occur in armed robbery than in unarmed robbery.

Question 56

Most robbers express their need for money as their primary motive for committing the crime.

Question 57

Professional robbers are as likely as amateur robbers to commit the crime on the spur of the moment.

Question 58

Many experts seem to agree that improved interpersonal relations accounted for some of the drop in crimes such as theft,robbery,and burglary.

Question 59

The need for money is the primary motivation for robbers.

Question 60

One reason why so many opportunities for stealing a car exist is because of inadequate law-enforcement.

Question 61

Analyze some of the reasons why auto theft and carjacking have increased so dramatically.What has pushed these types of robbery to new heights? How might this type of property crime be better controlled?

Question 62

According to the text,the rise of organized crime is tied to its function as an avenue for ambitious members of the lower classes,especially poor immigrants.

Question 63

_______________ robbers consider their work as a legitimate profession.

Question 64

Robbery is simultaneously both a(n)__________ and a violent crime.

Question 65

_____________ succession refers to the movement of recent immigrant groups into organized crime activity.

Question 66

Prohibition ushered in a new era of organized crime in the early 1900s.

Question 67

The mob usually targets three kinds of officials: law enforcers,politicians,and pharmaceutical executives.

Question 68

Organized crime is unique to contemporary American society: it could not be found in any other society.

Question 69

With __________,organized crime does not have to be located in any specific area or control any geographic space.

Question 70

_____________ is the word commercial stores use to refer to goods that have been shoplifted.

Question 71

The illegal goods and services sold by the Mafia include illicit gambling,loan sharking,and __________.

Question 72

Compare robbery as a property crime to robbery as a violent crime.Is robbery more of an attempt to gain money,as the author asserts,or a form of violence,as stated by the police? Why?

Question 73

There is more violence involved in __________ compared to armed robberies.

Question 74

The text concludes that,despite successes,the government will never be able to stamp out organized crime.

Question 75

The Yakuza are the many organized crime groups in Japan that have been outlawed by the government.

Question 76

The __________ robber is the most likely to get caught.

Question 77

Compare and contrast professional robbery and one of the forms of amateur robbery.How are they the same and different in terms of motive,planning,value of stolen items,and success?

Question 78

The overwhelming majority of __________ do not involve any violence against the victim because the crime takes place when the owner is not around.

Question 79

Most traditional organized crime groups are informal,egalitarian,and somewhat volatile.

Question 80

The number of __________ robbers has increased over the last several decades while the number of __________ peers has shrunk.