Deck 4: Physical Violence

Question 1

The criminologist Marvin Wolfgang studied victims of self-precipitated murder and determined that victims

A)genuinely tried to kill their murderers but failed.
B)ingeniously planned to have their killers convicted for first-degree murder.
C)secretly wished to kill themselves.
D)merely intended to engage in a fist fight.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true today?

A)Young adults from 20 to 29 are more likely than teenagers to kill.
B)Teenagers are more likely than young adults from 20 to 29 to kill.
C)Older people are more likely than young people to kill.
D)If embroiled in a quarrel,older people tend more to kill than to be killed by younger persons.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a way poverty causes homicide?

A)The poor are more likely to have financial,marital,and other stressful problems.
B)Genetic factors cause both poverty and homicidal tendencies.
C)Poverty causes more interpersonal conflict.
D)The poor tend more to resort to physical violence to deal with interpersonal conflict.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Poor people are more likely to use firearms than other weapons when they kill because guns

A)are very inexpensive to purchase.
B)provide barriers between individuals in poor neighborhoods.
C)give a sense of power to the poor.
D)are less risky to use than knives or rope.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the characteristics of homicide is true?

A)Research suggests that lunar events do influence homicide rates.
B)Murder rates occur at about the same rate throughout the year.
C)Women are more likely to be killed at home.
D)Men are most often killed in the bedroom.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true in regards to time and homicide?

A)There is essentially no correlation between the day of the week and homicide.
B)There is a relatively weak connection between season of the year and homicide.
C)Typically,homicide rates drop in January and February.
D)Typically,homicide rates rise in December.

Question 7

If guns were less available,many heated arguments would result in

A)just about as many murders as take place at the present time.
B)more murders rather than aggravated assaults.
C)the use of weapons more deadly than guns.
D)aggravated assaults rather than murders.

Question 8

What factor has historically contributed to high rates of teen gun violence?

A)Large amounts of dysfunctional families
B)Lower quality public schools
C)High rates of gun possession for the purpose of protection in dangerous,high-crime neighborhoods
D)All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is true of gender and victimization?

A)Male victims are more likely to be victimized by female offenders.
B)Female victims are more likely to be victimized by strangers.
C)Female offenders are more likely to kill members of the opposite sex.
D)Female offenders are more likely to kill members of the same sex.

Question 10

Homicides occur most frequently during

A)weekday mornings.
B)weekday evenings.
C)weekend morning.
D)weekend evenings.

Question 11

One reason why we are more likely to be killed by those we know than by strangers is that murder most often

A)requires a great deal of planning to scheme against persons we know.
B)requires a great deal of emotion,which is more likely to be generated by intimate relations.
C)occurs in the midwest.
D)takes place in an arbitrary way,and therefore people we know have a greater chance to be a victim.

Question 12

Murder is an especially serious type of deviance because

A)it is the type of deviance most involving strangers.
B)it totally disgusts most Americans.
C)its cost to the victim is forever irreparable.
D)it is a widespread form of deviance.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of aggravated assault?

A)It differs from homicide in that the victim survives rather than dies.
B)It can be divided into two types: felony and misdemeanor.
C)It involves an attack with intent to kill or cause severe bodily harm.
D)It is considered a felony and carries a relatively severe penalty.

Question 14

Regarding the racial backgrounds of offender and victim,murder

A)is mostly intraracial.
B)is mostly interracial.
C)is equally intraracial and interracial.
D)does not have any observable racial pattern.

Question 15

Which one of the following variables is MOST likely to be the greatest contributing factor toward murder?

A)the weather
B)one's geographical location
C)accessibility to handguns
D)one's socioeconomic status

Question 16

The factor most commonly associated with those who commit homicide is

A)sex.
B)race.
C)age.
D)poverty.

Question 17

According to some sociologists,the extremely high rate of homicide in parts of the South is a striking example of

A)the massive oppression of the poor.
B)the power of the drug cartels.
C)a deep distrust of strangers.
D)a widespread culture of violence.

Question 18

Research suggests that most men who kill their wives or girlfriends

A)have previously shown few violent tendencies toward their victims.
B)have previously kept their victims in abusive relations.
C)have predominantly experienced family economic problems.
D)are psychologically normal men.

Question 19

Murders committed by people who are poor are often

A)premeditated.
B)the result of a quarrel.
C)accidental.
D)self-inflicted.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the South is the region with the nation's highest murder rate?

A)the "subculture of violence" in the South
B)the prevalence of rurality,forcing family members and friends to spend too much time with each other
C)the prevalence of population heterogeneity,which leads to a lack of community
D)the reduction of community integration through population dispersion

Question 21

Sociologists think that the homicide-suicide type of murder is "normal" because after the killing the murderer is

A)in a psychotic state.
B)able to feel remorse.
C)able to feel a sense of moral superiority.
D)anticipating an after-life reunion with the victim.

Question 22

Hate-motivated killers

A)personally know their victims.
B)account for less than one percent of all violent crimes in America.
C)are more likely to belong to an organized hate group.
D)mostly attack members of their own racial or religious groups.

Question 23

The textbook defines all of the following as types of mass murderers,EXCEPT for

A)murderers who stalk and torture their victims.
B)pseudocommandos.
C)team members under the direction of the charismatic leader.
D)disgruntled employees.

Question 24

A few members of a white-majority community were convicted for the killing of a Hispanic family.During questioning,several of the killers cited the family as "a threat to their way of life." What typology of hate killers do these convicts belong to?

A)Thrill hate killers
B)Defensive hate killers
C)Mission hate killers
D)Racial hate killers

Question 25

Which of the following social forces is least likely to come into play when it comes to school shootings?

A)Gun availability
B)Media glamorization of violence
C)Culture of violence
D)Victim availability

Question 26

Which of the following reasons is least likely to influence a lower-class individual to engage in homicide?

A)Murder is a quick and effective way for the poor to win an argument over trivial matters.
B)Murder is seen by poor males as a means of defending their honor as men.
C)Murder is utilized to create meaningful bonds between marginalized individuals.
D)Murder is utilized as a means of experiencing control and dignity despite social oppression.

Question 27

This type of killing is done to save the "face" and "name" of the family.

A)mercy killing
B)honor killing
C)family killing
D)communal killing

Question 28

A type of murder involving killing a number of people one at a time is called

A)warm-blooded murder.
B)mass murder.
C)serial murder.
D)an adjunct to suicide.

Question 29

Sociologist David Phillips discovered that some persons can conceal their suicidal wishes but carry them out with more ingenuity.He studied __________ to document this pattern of murder-suicide.

A)teenage alcoholics
B)poor,inner-city youth
C)bridge jumpers
D)airplane pilots

Question 30

School violence is caused by all of the following,except for

A)increased availability of guns.
B)media violence.
C)violent sports competition.
D)the culture of violence.

Question 31

Which of the following is TRUE about stalking?

A)Stalkers usually pick strangers to follow and threaten.
B)Stalking helps distract people from other kinds of deviance.
C)Most stalkers know their victims.
D)Most stalkers are psychologically normal.

Question 32

Virtually all homicide-suicides are

A)male and their victims female.
B)male and their victims male.
C)the result of psychosis.
D)an act of passion followed by an act of great remorse.

Question 33

Pursuing someone in a way that creates fear of being assaulted or killed is called

A)stalking.
B)aggravated assault.
C)domestic terrorism.
D)harassment.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a type of hate killer?

A)thrill hate killers
B)defensive hate killers
C)mission hate killers
D)racist hate killers

Question 35

One reason why more poor people commit murders over very trivial acts is

A)the impact of economic and social oppression on one's sense of honor.
B)the poor are more deeply involved in trivial behavior.
C)the poor have more verbal rather than written or analytic skills and talk themselves into murder.
D)the role of women in the family,which causes more tension and hardship.

Question 36

According to the "Social Profile of Serial Killers," which of the following statements about serial killers is probably UNTRUE?

A)They are mostly college educated.
B)They are mostly white men in their late 20s or 30s.
C)They are most likely to kill strangers.
D)They are motivated by an intense desire for power and sadism.

Question 37

The perpetrators of genocide are

A)monsters,psychopaths,and sadists.
B)mostly normal people.
C)strongly resisted by their country's average citizens.
D)historically never upset about what they are doing.

Question 38

The wholesale killing of members of a racial or ethnic group is the definition of

A)hate killing.
B)genocide.
C)terrorism.
D)thrill hate killing.

Question 39

Which of the following is true of the average serial killer?

A)They are chaotic characters bent on inflicting human destruction for amusement purposes.
B)They have relatively low levels of education and employment.
C)They are generally handsome and charming.
D)They are white men in their late forties or early fifties.

Question 40

Which of the following statements about school violence is TRUE?

A)School violence almost exclusively occurs in large cities.
B)The culture of a school has little impact on school violence.
C)School killings are extremely rare.
D)Northern states like New York and New Jersey have more firearm deaths among children than other areas.

Question 41

There is a correlation between murder rate and one's socioeconomic status.

Question 42

According to Marvin Wolfgang's subculture of violence theory,the subculture upholds all of the following practices,EXCEPT for

A)defining personal assaults as proper and justified.
B)approving quick resort to physical aggression.
C)providing strong external restraints leading to homicide.
D)treating violence as a familiar and often deadly partner in life's struggles.

Question 43

The terrorists who attacked the World Trade Center on September 11,2001,were

A)most likely insane.
B)members of a religious group.
C)purely evil persons.
D)psychologically frustrated men.

Question 44

Despite being 16,Ana is tried as an adult and convicted of murder for the killing of a gay student in her class.During questioning,she can't seem to give a reason why she did it,but has noticeably enjoyed being in the media spotlight.Ana is an example of what type of hate killer?

A)Defensive hate killer
B)Mission hate killer
C)Fame hate killer
D)Thrill hate killer

Question 45

Which of the following indicators is NOT attributable to the conclusion that the death penalty is ineffective?

A)Homicide rates of states that have retained the death penalty are higher than states that have abolished it.
B)Homicide rates have not gone down in states where the death penalty is reintroduced.
C)Homicide rates seem to be more closely linked to a state's current financial security rather than its death penalty status.
D)When publicized and performed,the death penalty does not deter potential killers from killing.

Question 46

According to the author,one reason why people advocate the death penalty,even though it does not act as a deterrent,is because

A)it prevents the murderer from doing harm to others again.
B)it helps distract people from other kinds of deviance.
C)Americans have developed civilized ways of killing people.
D)many American religions call for the execution of murderers.

Question 47

The genocide that occurred during the era of Nazi Germany is an example of

A)defensive hate killings.
B)mission hate killings.
C)racial hate killings.
D)thrill hate killings.

Question 48

Most murders are committed by the victims' acquaintances,friends,lovers,or relatives.

Question 49

According to external restraint theory,suicide and homicide are

A)both acts of aggression resulting from frustration.
B)essentially different forms of deviant behavior.
C)both caused by subcultures of violence.
D)both crimes directed inward against oneself.

Question 50

Aggravated assault involves an atrocious attack with the intent to kill or the use of a deadly weapon.

Question 51

Most evidence about the impact of capital punishment on murder rates supports the conclusion that capital punishment

A)has greatly deterred murder in other cultures but not in America.
B)greatly increases the number of murders committed.
C)is an effective deterrent to murder.
D)is not an effective deterrent to murder.

Question 52

With terrorism,the victims are usually

A)political leaders.
B)followers of a certain religion.
C)innocent citizens.
D)military personnel.

Question 53

The author of the text points to recent studies that suggests the cause of higher violence rates among poor African Americans is

A)the culture of violence.
B)violent media programs and video games.
C)rapid social change.
D)poverty and social inequality.

Question 54

Evidence shows that the murder rates in states with capital punishment are

A)higher.
B)lower.
C)almost undetectable.
D)about the same.

Question 55

Which of the following has the most significant effect when it comes to murder?

A)marital status
B)race
C)age
D)poverty

Question 56

According to the subculture of violence theory,the poor are more violent than people in the larger culture because

A)the poor are psychologically weak and cannot resist the subculture.
B)the poor are genetically more inclined to violence.
C)the larger culture is more intimidating and thus avoided by the poor.
D)the violent subculture has a powerful grip on the poor.

Question 57

Martin Gold attempted to add to external restraint theory by arguing that socialization plays a role in determining who becomes a murderer.He felt that

A)physical punishment in childhood leads to homicide.
B)physical punishment in childhood leads to suicide.
C)psychological punishment in childhood leads to homicide.
D)a combination of physical and psychological punishment leads to suicide.

Question 58

The external restraint theory holds that

A)weak external restraint leads to homicide.
B)strong external restraint leads to homicide.
C)strong external restraint leads to suicide.
D)weak internal restraint leads to weak external restraints.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a theory that attempts to explain genocide?

A)Genocide is based on the psychological separation between perpetrators and victims.
B)Genocide is based on obedience to authority.
C)Genocide is based on power.
D)Genocide is based on personal preference.

Question 60

In the summer,the number of assaults increases only slightly,but homicide rises significantly.

Question 61

When it comes to murders committed by women,they tend to kill those of the same sex.

Question 62

Compared to other developed countries,the United States has the lowest homicide rates.

Question 63

Most homicides are committed by strangers.

Question 64

Were guns less available,many heated arguments might have resulted in aggravated assaults rather than murders.

Question 65

Saturday night is the most popular day of the week for committing murder.

Question 66

Most murders are committed by strangers.

Question 67

Blacks are more likely to kill other blacks than whites,while whites tend to murder other whites rather than blacks.

Question 68

Most murders are intraracial.

Question 69

Firearms in themselves cannot cause homicide because they are simply a means to kill.

Question 70

Most murders are committed by strangers.

Question 71

Murderers are pretty well represented in all of the major social classes.

Question 72

Homicide rates generally decrease starting in December and continue to decrease during the cold months of January and February.

Question 73

The United States has about the same homicide rate as most industrialized countries in Europe.

Question 74

Most murders are interracial.

Question 75

When it comes to the murder of women,the home is more dangerous than the streets.

Question 76

Homicides occur most frequently on Friday nights

Question 77

We are far less likely to become victims of cold-blooded murders carried out by strangers than we are likely to die from warm-blooded emotional murders at the hands of relatives and acquaintances.

Question 78

Women are more likely to be killed at home,in addition to the very old,minority groups,children,and the unemployed.

Question 79

Members of the lower class tend to commit premeditated murders more than impulse murders.

Question 80

We are more likely to be victims of cold-blooded murder than warm-blooded murders.