Deck 7: Managing Change and Innovation

Question 1

Stress is the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure placed on them from extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In the "white-water rapids" metaphor of change, change is seen as an occasional disruption in the normal flow of events.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Stress symptoms can be categorized as physical, psychological, and behavioral.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Cultural change is likely to take place when a dramatic crisis occurs.

Question 5

A leadership change can facilitate cultural change.

Question 6

Sensitivity training refers to activities that help team members learn how each member thinks and works.

Question 7

One reason people resist change in an organization is that their future has been set and cannot be changed.

Question 8

A realistic job preview during the selection process minimizes stress by reducing ambiguity over job expectations.

Question 9

Managers exclusively play the role of change agents.

Question 10

Cultural change is easier when the organizational culture is strong.

Question 11

Negotiation refers to covert attempts to influence others about a change by distorting the facts to make the change appear more attractive.

Question 12

The "calm waters" metaphor of change is consistent with Lewin's concept of unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.

Question 13

Stress can be caused by personal factors and by job-related factors.

Question 14

Coercion involves exchanging something of value for an arrangement to lessen the resistance to the change effort.

Question 15

Organizational change can be any alteration of people, structure, or technology.

Question 16

Manipulation involves the use of direct threats against the resisters.

Question 17

A disadvantage of coercion is that it is illegal and undermines the change agent's credibility.

Question 18

People may resist change based on habit.

Question 19

Changing structure includes any change in structural variables such as reporting relationships, coordination mechanisms, employee empowerment, or job redesign.

Question 20

Creativity refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual associations between ideas.

Question 21

Design thinking can do for innovation what TQM did for quality.

Question 22

Lewin's theory is consistent with ________ theory of organizational change.

A) white-water rapids
B) muckwater
C) mudwater
D) calm waters

Question 23

According to Kurt Lewin, which of the following is a stage in the change process?

A) restraining
B) driving
C) processing
D) unfreezing

Question 24

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is an example of which of the following forces of change?

A) consumer needs change
B) technological change
C) external change
D) economic change

Question 25

In the ________ metaphor, change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual process.

A) calm waters
B) white-water rapids
C) marine-waters
D) freshwater

Question 26

Organizational change is any alteration of ________.

A) people, structure, or technology
B) structure, management, or goals
C) technology, goals, or management
D) rules, procedures, or management

Question 27

Falling interest rates are an example of what external force?

A) change in composition of workforce
B) change in employee attitudes
C) technological change
D) economic change

Question 28

The unfreezing step of the change process can be thought of as ________.

A) changing to a new state
B) sustaining a change over time
C) changing the organizational structure
D) preparing for the needed change

Question 29

A company that decides to decentralize its sales procedures is managing ________ changes.

A) technological
B) people
C) financial
D) structural

Question 30

Increasing the numbers of employed women and minorities forces managers to pay attention to what change factor?

A) strategy
B) workforce
C) equipment
D) technology

Question 31

Changes in work processes, methods, and equipment are a part of ________ changes.

A) technological
B) people
C) financial
D) structural

Question 32

In organizations, people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ________.

A) change masters
B) change agents
C) change champions
D) change generators

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT an internal force of change?

A) technology
B) strategy
C) workforce
D) employee attitudes

Question 34

According to Kurt Lewin, increasing the driving forces is a means of ________.

A) unfreezing
B) changing
C) restraining
D) refreezing

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT an external force of change?

A) changing consumer needs
B) new governmental laws
C) economic changes
D) changes in workforce composition

Question 36

According to Lewin, which of the following is the objective of refreezing?

A) directing behavior away from the status quo
B) hindering the existing equilibrium
C) eliminating the need for future change
D) stabilizing the new situation

Question 37

Labor strikes are an example of which of the following internal change factors?

A) workforce composition
B) equipment
C) employee attitudes
D) strategy

Question 38

The two metaphors commonly used to describe the two views of the change process are ________.

A) running water and troubled water
B) calm waters and white-water rapids
C) marine water and freshwater
D) muckwater and mudwater

Question 39

Structural changes include ________.

A) combining departmental responsibilities
B) changing work processes
C) changing attitudes
D) changing behavior

Question 40

Outside consultants are more likely to initiate ________ organizational changes than insiders.

A) drastic
B) mild
C) contented
D) trivial

Question 41

What organizational development technique involves changing the attitudes, stereotypes, and perceptions that work groups have about each other?

A) team building
B) intergroup development
C) survey feedback
D) sensitivity training

Question 42

Which of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change includes employee counseling, therapy, new skills training, or a short paid leave of absence.

A) negotiation
B) facilitation and support
C) manipulation and co-optation
D) coercion

Question 43

Which of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change assumes that much of the resistance lies in misinformation?

A) negotiation
B) education and communication
C) participation
D) facilitation and support

Question 44

If Kraft Foods hired a consultant to decrease group friction and enhance cooperative work relationships, this would be an example of managing ________ changes.

A) technological
B) people
C) financial
D) structural

Question 45

________ are factors related to an employee's job and include the design of a person's job, working conditions, and the physical work layout.

A) Task demands
B) Role demands
C) Interpersonal demands
D) Role ambiguity

Question 46

________ is the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure placed on them from extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities.

A) Stereotyping
B) Stress
C) Innovation
D) Creativity

Question 47

Competitive factors or new innovations within an industry often require managers to introduce ________.

A) new equipment, tools, or operating methods
B) new equipment, tools or people
C) new equipment, operating methods, or structure
D) new equipment, people, or structure

Question 48

An individual is likely to resist change because of the feeling ________.

A) of achievement
B) of uncertainty
C) of personal gain
D) that the change is in the organization's best interest

Question 49

When supermarkets and other retailers use scanners that provide instant inventory information, they are adopting ________ changes.

A) technological
B) people
C) financial
D) structural

Question 50

A ________ prevents an individual from doing what he desires.

A) constraint
B) demand
C) lien
D) necessity

Question 51

________ is a method of changing behavior through unstructured group interaction.

A) Team building
B) Intergroup development
C) Survey feedback
D) Sensitivity training

Question 52

________ involves distorting facts to make the change appear more attractive.

A) Coercion
B) Education and communication
C) Participation
D) Manipulation and co-optation

Question 53

Which type of change might include a shift from a functional to a product structure?

A) a structural design change
B) a structural component change
C) a technological change
D) a people change

Question 54

Which of the following is a favorable condition that will facilitate a cultural change?

A) the organization has a huge workforce
B) the organization has a long existence
C) a dramatic crisis occurs
D) a stable leadership exists

Question 55

Which of the following is a strategy for managing cultural change?

A) Support employees who remain devoted to the old values.
B) Redesign socialization processes to align with the new values.
C) Keep the reward system the same.
D) Replace written norms with unwritten norms.

Question 56

For ________, there must be uncertainty over the outcome, and the outcome must be important.

A) uncertainty to become stress
B) habit to become stress
C) potential stress to become actual stress
D) personal loss to become stress

Question 57

________ involves exchanging something of value for an agreement to lessen the resistance to the change effort.

A) Negotiation
B) Manipulation and co-optation
C) Coercion
D) Education and communication

Question 58

Cultural change is most likely to take place when ________.

A) the organization is old
B) the organization is large
C) the culture is strong
D) there is a leadership change

Question 59

________ involves bringing individuals directly affected by the proposed change into the decision-making process.

A) Participation
B) Facilitation and support
C) Negotiation
D) Manipulation and co-optation

Question 60

________ is the term used to describe change methods that focus on people and the nature and quality of interpersonal work relationships.

A) Commercial development
B) Organizational development
C) Facilities development
D) Comprehensive development

Question 61

Which of the following human resource variables is supportive of organizational innovation?

A) low commitment to training
B) less creative people
C) high job security
D) abundant resources

Question 62

Which of the following is a characteristic of a change-capable organization?

A) separates the present and the future
B) makes controlling a way of life
C) discourages mavericks
D) shelters breakthroughs

Question 63

A ________ helps employees whose personal lives suffer from a lack of planning to sort out their priorities.

A) time management program
B) wellness program
C) life insurance program
D) health and wellness program

Question 64

Which of the following is a physical symptom of stress?

A) changes in metabolism
B) changes in productivity
C) job-related dissatisfaction
D) job turnover

Question 65

________ creates expectations that may be hard to reconcile or satisfy.

A) Task ambiguity
B) Role conflict
C) Role overload
D) Task demand

Question 66

Most idea champions ________.

A) have extremely high self-confidence
B) are lethargic
C) avoid risks
D) are relenting

Question 67

An innovative culture is likely to have ________.

A) high external controls
B) low tolerance of risks
C) closed-system focus
D) tolerance of conflict

Question 68

A change capable organization ________.

A) links the present and the future
B) discourages diverse teams
C) discourages mavericks
D) follows its competitor's footsteps

Question 69

Which of the following is an example of a psychological symptom of stress?

A) changes in metabolism
B) increased heart and breathing rate
C) irritability
D) changes in productivity

Question 70

________ is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product or work method.

A) Innovation
B) Inspiration
C) Creativity
D) Ingenuity

Question 71

Managers offer ________ to employees who want to talk to someone about their problems.

A) wellness programs
B) time management programs
C) employee counseling
D) performance planning programs

Question 72

A ________ personality is characterized by chronic feelings of a sense of time urgency, an excessive competitive drive, and difficulty accepting and enjoying leisure time.

A) Type X
B) Type Y
C) Type A
D) Type B

Question 73

How can managers increase the likelihood of making change happen successfully?

A) They should realize that they are just change agents not change leaders.
B) They should discourage entrepreneurial mindsets.
C) They should give individual employees a role in the change process.
D) They should adapt the changes made by their competitors.

Question 74

Which of the following is true regarding reduction of employee stress?

A) In order to reduce stress, managers should make sure that the employee's abilities match the job requirements.
B) A realistic job preview during the selection process maximizes stress by reducing ambiguity over job expectations.
C) Improved organizational communications maximizes ambiguity-induced stress.
D) Job redesigns that increase opportunities for employees to participate in decisions and to gain social support increase stress.

Question 75

Stress symptoms are grouped under the categories of ________.

A) physical, economic, and legal
B) physical, psychological, and behavioral
C) physical, psychological, and cultural
D) physical, political, and social

Question 76

Which of the following is an example of a variable that fosters innovation?

A) low job security
B) organic structure
C) scarce resources
D) maximum time pressure

Question 77

________ actively and enthusiastically support new ideas, build support, overcome resistance, and ensure that innovations are implemented.

A) Idea champions
B) Idea developers
C) Idea generators
D) Idea screeners

Question 78

________ refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual associations between ideas.

A) Innovation
B) Alteration
C) Creativity
D) Diversity

Question 79

Which of the following is a cultural variable that supports innovation?

A) work and nonwork support
B) minimal time pressure
C) acceptance of ambiguity
D) high job security

Question 80

Changes in eating habits are a ________ symptom of stress.

A) physical
B) psychological
C) behavioral
D) financial