Deck 11: Work and Family

Question 1

The Census Bureau only considers those whose wives work full time as __________, also called househusbands.

A) stay-at-home-dads
B) unemployed
C) egalitarian
D) slackers

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In 2007, over __________ percent of wives with children between ages 6 and 17 earned wages.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The provider role (and its counterpart, the housewife role) lasted into the __________.

A) 1950s and 1960s
B) late 1970s
C) early 1990s
D) 21st century

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The text reports that "the housewife," a woman who views her adult role as one devoted to the home, while she remains economically dependent on the earnings of her husband, the breadwinner, has __________.

A) remained a vital presence in our society
B) re-emerged in strength
C) vanished
D) flourished in some ethnic groups

Question 5

Some career women choose to __________ the labor force in order to stay home with their children for a time.

A) "saying a permanent goodbye" to
B) rejecting
C) "turning their back on"
D) "opting out" of

Question 6

In 2008, __________ percent of all employed women are office or service workers.

A) 25
B) 35
C) 45
D) 55

Question 7

The pronounced tendency for men and women to be employed in different types of jobs is termed __________.

A) gender inconsistency
B) occupational segregation
C) work sexism
D) occupational socialization

Question 8

Employed wives contribute about __________of a family's income.

A) a tenth
B) a quarter
C) a third
D) a half

Question 9

Men with children work __________compared to childless men, on average.

A) decreased hours
B) increased hours
C) less
D) about the same

Question 10

The labor force emerged during the __________.

A) Middle Ages
B) Colonial Period
C) Industrial Revolution
D) Great Depression

Question 11

Of all racial/ethnic categories, __________ women were the most likely to hold managerial or professional jobs in 2005.

A) white non-Hispanic
B) Hispanic
C) black
D) Asian American

Question 12

Only since the Industrial Revolution has working been considered separate from family living, and only since then have the concepts of __________ emerged.

A) husband and wife
B) two-earner and dual career
C) provider and homemaker
D) employed and unemployed

Question 13

The __________ family is one in which a traditional division of labor is the ideal. This family model is often associated with evangelical Christianity, as well as Orthodox Judaism, traditional Catholicism, and Mormonism.

A) strictly religious
B) ritualistic
C) neotraditional
D) gender specific

Question 14

After WWII, as soldiers came home, the government encouraged women to __________.

A) expand their movement into the work force
B) help their husbands, brothers and fathers find jobs
C) return to their kitchens
D) continue business as usual

Question 15

Working for pay-in contrast to unpaid labor in the home-is sometimes called __________.

A) inside employment
B) domestic work
C) market work
D) recognized employment

Question 16

The expanding economy needed more workers, and women were drawn into the labor force in significant numbers beginning around __________.

A) 1850
B) 1890
C) 1930
D) 1940

Question 17

Sociologist Jessie Bernard asserted that the __________ role for men emerged in the United States during the 1830s.

A) good provider
B) masculine
C) egalitarian
D) macho

Question 18

Women who worked full time in 2008 earned __________ cents for every dollar earned by men.

A) 88
B) 78
C) 68
D) 58

Question 19

Men continue to dominate corporate America. In 2010, less than __________ percent of the highest-earning executives in Fortune 500 companies were women.

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 8

Question 20

In 2009, almost ____________ of mothers of children under fifteen in married-couple families were stay-at-home mothers, wives of steadily employed men, who were temporarily out of the labor force for the entire year to "take care of home and family."

A) one-tenth
B) one-quarter
C) one-third
D) half

Question 21

Including child care, many employed wives (and just a few husbands) put in what sociologist Arlie Hochschild calls a __________ of unpaid family work that amounts to an extra month of work each year.

A) stalled revolution
B) second shift
C) third shift
D) pink collar ghetto

Question 22

In general, __________ men spend more time in unpaid family work than do Caucasian men.

A) Asian American
B) African American
C) Hispanic
D) Native American

Question 23

In which of the following racial/ethnic groups is housework significantly shared by household members other than the wife/mother, even if not by her husband?

A) Vietnamese/Laotian
B) Hispanic
C) white
D) African American

Question 24

According to the text's discussion of child care workers, these women are often __________.

A) underage
B) well paid
C) usually white non-Hispanic
D) poorly paid

Question 25

The United States has the highest annual average of weeks worked than any other country, at an average of almost ___________ weeks per year.

A) 50
B) 47
C) 45
D) 40

Question 26

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics from 2006, wives earn more than their husbands in __________ percent of couples.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 30
D) 50

Question 27

__________ involves the necessary tasks of attending both the emotional needs of all family members and the practical needs of dependent members, as well as maintaining the family domicile.

A) The second shift
B) Unpaid family work
C) Domestic chores
D) The good provider role

Question 28

Today, the statistical norm among married couples is the __________ marriage.

A) dual-career
B) male-as-sole-provider
C) two-earner
D) female-as-sole-provider

Question 29

Martha has chosen to leave paid employment for a few years in order to spend time at home rearing her children. Martha would be referred to as a(n) "__________ mom."

A) part-time
B) opting-out
C) second-shift
D) career departed

Question 30

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild notes that "women continue to feel responsible for family members' well-being and are more likely than men to adjust their work and home schedules to accommodate others." The extra work this amounts to is called:

A) the second shift
B) extra care syndrome
C) pink-collar trap
D) unavoidable barrier

Question 31

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild and other researchers have concluded that the second shift for women means __________ between husbands and wives, as women sacrifice leisure-and sleep-to accomplish unpaid family work.

A) extreme gender inequality
B) sleep difficulties
C) sexual inopportunity
D) a "leisure gap"

Question 32

A little over __________ of all employees now work more than 40 hours per week.

A) one-fourth
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) two-thirds

Question 33

Research on racial/ethnic differences find that the pattern of men's spending less time than women in house work occurs in which of the following families?

A) white
B) black
C) Hispanic
D) all of the above

Question 34

University of Michigan researchers cited in the text use the term "_________" in noting that, as men and women are both putting in more hours of employment, the total amount of time a couple spends on housework has declined.

A) second shift
B) stalled revolution
C) vanishing housework
D) leisure world

Question 35

The text suggests that participation in household labor is generally related to __________ between the spouses.

A) the degree of equality of earnings
B) socialization scripts
C) long arguments
D) power and disrespect

Question 36

The text observes that a little over half of home-based workers are women. Besides catching up on work, the reason they give most often for working at home is

A) to coordinate work with personal/family needs.
B) fear of the workplace.
C) an insistence on not taking orders from others.
D) a personal sense of entrepreneurship.

Question 37

Shift work is associated with ____________

A) increased marital satisfaction.
B) increased shared leisure time.
C) decreased marital stability.
D) decreased physical stress.

Question 38

The text points out that virtually all research and other writings on the subject suggest that today's typical American family is

A) rushed and stressed.
B) peaceful and loving.
C) nonstressful.
D) conflict-ridden.

Question 39

The American Time Use Survey shows that women spend _________ time than men in the care of the household and its members.

A) the same amount of
B) slightly more
C) slightly less
D) more than double the

Question 40

Brad and Janet have been married for 10 years. Janet is a prosecuting attorney. Brad stays home to care for the house and family. The text would identify Brad as a

A) good provider.
B) role-reversed father.
C) sissy.
D) househusband.

Question 41

An estimated __________ Americans are taking care of their aging parents.

A) 400,000
B) 4 million
C) 14 million
D) 34 million

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT one of the elements discussed in the text that aresuggested as desirable in selecting a child-care facility?

A) cultural sensitivity
B) a relationship with parents
C) accreditation
D) the largest play spaces

Question 43

There are essentially three types of nonrelative child care. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) in-home caregiver (or nanny)
B) family child care
C) babysitting
D) center care

Question 44

Research has shown that the quality of child care is higher when certain conditions are present. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) lower child-adult ratios
B) smaller group sizes
C) more educated care givers
D) a non-interference policy involving parents

Question 45

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Public Health Association have established guidelines that describe quality child care as having certain features. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) adult care givers who have specialized training or experience in child development
B) strict physical discipline
C) good communication between program staff and families
D) age-appropriate attention

Question 46

In her study of dual-earner couples, sociologist Rosanna Hertz explored parents' approaches to child care and found they fell into three categories. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) the mothering approach
B) the parenting approach
C) the market approach
D) the self-care approach

Question 47

__________ involves providing assistance with daily living activities to an elderly relative who is chronically frail, ill, disabled, or just in need of assistance.

A) Day care
B) Aging intervention
C) Elder care
D) Senior-sitting

Question 48

The term __________ refers to child care provided in a caregiver's home.

A) in-home caregiver (or nanny)
B) family child care
C) babysitting
D) center care

Question 49

By the time they enter school, an estimated __________ percent of children have had "regular care" in child-care centers, family day care, nursery schools or preschools, or with relatives.

A) 84
B) 64
C) 44
D) 24

Question 50

The "day care wars" were ignited by the reporting of specific research findings by

A) Jay Belsky.
B) Robert Merton.
C) Rosanna Hertz.
D) Richard Gelles.

Question 51

In the __________ approach, the couple prefers that the wife care for the children.

A) market
B) mothering
C) parenting
D) self-care

Question 52

Robert has just received a promotion as a bank loan officer, which will necessitate relocation in another state. His wife, Sarah, has agreed to give up her job in order to accommodate her husband's career advancement. Sarah may be referred to as a __________ spouse.

A) compliant
B) trailing
C) following
D) geographically mobile

Question 53

In the __________ approach, family care is shared by both the mother and the father.

A) parenting
B) market
C) mothering
D) self-care

Question 54

Jane is an insurance executive and lives in San Francisco. Her husband, Don, is an attorney who practices law in New York City. On the weekends, Jane may travel to New York, or Don to San Francisco so that they can be together. Jane and Don's arrangement is most specifically referred to as

A) geographic cohabitation.
B) trailing spouses.
C) a commuter marriage.
D) a dual-earner family.

Question 55

Policy researchers define child care as the full time education and care of children under age __________, and care before and after school for older children.

A) six
B) five
C) four
D) three

Question 56

According to the text, fathers are spending __________ time with their children in comparison to the past.

A) more
B) the same amount of
C) slightly less
D) substantially less

Question 57

Joanne's mother is 90 years old, disabled, and in need of assistance with daily living activities. Recently, Joanne and her husband suggested that Joanne's mother move in with them. This situation is an example of what the text refers to as

A) elder care.
B) family care.
C) aged dependency.
D) infirmity.

Question 58

Psychologist Jay Belsky reported that infants in their first year who are in non-parental care for twenty or more hours per week are at elevated risk of

A) becoming delinquent.
B) being classified as insecure in their attachments to their mothers at 12 or 18 months of age.
C) sexual identity problems.
D) depression.

Question 59

__________ involves flexible starting and ending times with required core hours.

A) Job sharing
B) Family leave
C) Flextime
D) Elder care

Question 60

Job sharing, working at home or telecommuting, compressed workweeks, and personal days are all examples of

A) family leave.
B) flexible scheduling.
C) care programs.
D) profit sharing.

Question 61

__________ involves an employee being able to take an extended period of time from work, either paid or unpaid, for maternity, paternity, ill-child and elder-care purposes.

A) Family leave
B) Flex time
C) Family vacation
D) Personal days

Question 62

Both men and women do far more housework these days than in 1965.

Question 63

Mothers of young children were the first women to move into employment outside the home.

Question 64

Recent research suggests that men are more apt to see women's employment as a benefit. As a result, the text points out, there is an ideological shift toward

A) authoritarianism.
B) authoritative marital roles.
C) a laissez-faire orientation.
D) egalitarianism.

Question 65

According to Hochschild, a fairly common __________ is to develop family myths- "versions of reality that obscure a core truth in order to manage a family tension."

A) gender strategy
B) reality construct
C) source of empathy
D) ambivalence acceptance

Question 66

Over 30 percent of children age twelve to fourteen whose mothers are employed full time are in self-care-without adult supervision-for an average of seven hours a week.

Question 67

Greg and Bill work for the same company, in the same position. They actually share an office, since Greg works primarily mornings and weekends and Bill works in the afternoons. Greg and Bill's situation is an example of __________.

A) flextime usage
B) job sharing
C) multiple employee tactics
D) job overlapping

Question 68

How a couple allocates paid and unpaid work and then justifies that allocation can be thought of as a __________, a way of working through everyday situations based on each person's beliefs and deep feelings about gender roles.

A) partner determination
B) traditional bargain
C) gender strategy
D) gender manipulation

Question 69

Wives are sometimes seen as organized and energetic superwomen who have few needs of their own, requiring little from their husbands, and congratulating themselves on how much they can accomplish. This thinking reflects what the text refers to as a

A) gender strategy.
B) third shift.
C) family myth.
D) second shift.

Question 70

Only since the Industrial Revolution has working been considered separate from family living.

Question 71

Research on racial/ethnic differences finds that the pattern of men's spending less time than women in housework occurs in white, black, and Hispanic families.

Question 72

The vast majority of two-paycheck marriages can be classified as dual-career.

Question 73

Some husbands today are rejecting the idea that dedication to one's job or occupational achievement is the ultimate indicator of success.

Question 74

Employees who are allowed some flexibility in deciding when to begin and end work report all EXCEPT which of the following benefits?

A) reduced incidences of dissatisfaction
B) less job-related fatigue
C) enhanced job satisfaction and loyalty to the employer
D) fewer family-work conflicts

Question 75

Some large corporations demonstrate interest in effecting __________ workplace policies that are supportive of employee efforts to combine family and work commitments.

A) family-friendly
B) fast track
C) family track
D) third-shift

Question 76

Virtually all research and other writings on the subject suggest that today's typical American family is a stressed and rushed one.

Question 77

Careers differ from jobs in that they pay significantly more but require less education.

Question 78

The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act mandates up to __________of unpaid family leave for workers in companies with at least fifty employees.

A) two weeks
B) twelve weeks
C) twenty weeks
D) two years

Question 79

Careers are basically the same as jobs.

Question 80

Study after study shows that marital satisfaction is greater when __________.

A) the man provides and the woman does the household work
B) wives feel that husbands share fairly in the household work
C) husbands actually participate equally in the household work
D) husbands feel that wives share fairly in the outside employment