Deck 2: Exploring Relationships and Families

Question 1

What marks the end of the family life cycle, according to the text?

A) divorce
B) the death of the last person with the family surname
C) the death of a spouse
D) the children leaving home

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT among the eight theoretical perspectives on the family discussed in the text?

A) family ecology
B) containment theory
C) exchange theory
D) conflict and feminist perspectives

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the primary reason, according to the text, that the transition to adulthood has become elongated?

A) it takes longer to earn enough to support a family
B) more children are deciding not to attend college
C) freeloading is in vogue
D) young adults are marrying earlier

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A possible disadvantage of the family ecology perspective is that it is __________.

A) focused inward on family functioning
B) ignorant of history
C) too broad and inclusive
D) too narrow and limited

Question 5

As modern human settlement occurs, roads and houses are built, and utility lines are strung. This activity illustrates the __________ environment.

A) social-cultural
B) human-built
C) pre-industrial
D) natural physical-biological

Question 6

Today's family ecologists stress the interdependence of all the world's families, not only with one another but also with our fragile __________ environment.

A) internal
B) physical-biological
C) family
D) living-learning

Question 7

The ecology perspective helps to identify factors that are important to ______________ support for all families.

A) societal and community
B) dysfunctional
C) neurological and physical
D) internal

Question 8

According to the family development perspective, each developmental task has "on-time" transitions and a certain order in which major transitions to adult roles take place, called _______.

A) role sequencing
B) in a row
C) at-a-boys
D) appropriate age staging

Question 9

The traditional family sequence of marriage, parenthood, grandparenthood, and widowhood is discussed in which of the following perspectives?

A) feminist
B) family life course development
C) family systems
D) interaction-constructionist

Question 10

Which is NOT among one of the environments surrounding a typical family, according to the family ecology perspective?

A) physical-biological
B) neighborhood
C) social-cultural
D) internal

Question 11

Theoretical perspectives are ways of

A) discovering the absolute truth about reality.
B) conducting scientific tests and measurements of reality.
C) viewing reality; or ways an observer may view, organize and interpret reality.
D) determining the correct way to understand reality.

Question 12

The climate, soil, plants, and animals are all part of the __________ environment

A) postindustrial
B) social-cultural
C) natural physical-biological
D) human-built

Question 13

Language, law, and social and economic systems are all part of the __________ environment.

A) social-cultural
B) human-built
C) natural physical-biological
D) postindustrial

Question 14

Increasing __________ means that job opportunities for American family members are affected by the decisions of multinational corporations.

A) globalization
B) immunization
C) polarization
D) deprivation

Question 15

According to the family development life course theory, the __________ stage of the family life cycle comes to an end with the arrival of the first child.

A) singlehood
B) newly established couple
C) families with adolescents
D) aging families

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a neighborhood risk factor which puts children at greater risk for negative outcomes including violence?

A) poverty
B) low adult educational attainment
C) homogeneous neighborhoods
D) a higher percentage of female-headed households

Question 17

Theoretical perspectives or theories can increase our __________ families and family life.

A) understanding of
B) ability to control
C) ability to scientifically categorize once and for all
D) ability to label

Question 18

The __________ perspective focuses on how the family influences and is influenced by the environments that surround it.

A) structure-functional
B) family system
C) attachment
D) family ecology

Question 19

A strength of the __________ perspective is that it sensitizes us to significant political-economic and social-cultural issues that may not be addressed in other theories.

A) family systems
B) family ecology
C) structure-functional
D) attachment

Question 20

Which of the following theoretical perspectives is concerned with the impact of family policy?

A) attachment
B) family systems
C) family ecology
D) conflict

Question 21

A recent study among immigrants found that relationships "based not on blood or marriage but rather on religious rituals or close friendship ties" can serve as a functional alternative to the nuclear family. According to the text, what are these relationships called?

A) non-fiction fellows
B) fake family
C) comrades in arms
D) fictive kin

Question 22

"Equilibrium" is an important concept in which of the following perspectives?

A) attachment
B) developmental
C) interactionist
D) family systems

Question 23

The view that the family is an enduring social institution because of the important tasks it performs for society-economic security, emotional support, socialization of children-is the __________ perspective.

A) structure-functional
B) feminist
C) interactionist
D) family systems

Question 24

The process by which family identity, traditions, and commitment emerge through interaction within a particular family, is an important part of which perspective?

A) interaction-constructionist
B) family ecology
C) feminist
D) attachment

Question 25

The __________ perspective looks at the family as a whole; for change to occur, the family system as a whole must change.

A) interactionist
B) exchange
C) family systems
D) feminist

Question 26

Exchange theory stresses the importance of __________ in family relationships.

A) money
B) coordinated efforts and the ability to "switch" one type of interaction for another
C) how family members use their resources to trade with other family members
D) the extent to which family members can take on each other's statuses and roles when crisis situations demand this kind of coping strategy

Question 27

Suppose that a law states: "The husband is the head of the household. As such, he will establish a place and a mode of living and the wife must conform thereto. The husband must support his wife and minor children out of his labor. The wife must assist him insofar as she is able." This hypothetical law is consistent with the focus of which theoretical perspective?

A) conflict
B) structure-functional
C) feminist
D) family ecology

Question 28

The __________ perspective is focused on several things, including confronting and reducing oppression and patterns of subordination based on such factors as social class, race, and ethnicity, age and sexual orientation.

A) feminist
B) interactionist
C) exchange
D) structure-functional

Question 29

The central focus of the feminist perspective is __________ issues.

A) practical
B) gender
C) interpretation
D) divorce

Question 30

The question of how two previously separate individuals come together and over time create a shared view of themselves as a couple would be best answered using which perspective?

A) feminist
B) attachment
C) family ecology
D) interaction-constructionist

Question 31

The structure-functional theoretical perspective views the family as performing at least three important functions. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) raising children responsibly
B) providing economic support
C) promoting genetic material
D) providing emotional security

Question 32

According to the interaction-constructionist theoretical perspective, ______________ is how family members adapt culturally understood roles to their own situations and preferences.

A) play-acting
B) role-making
C) role-mocking
D) watching family television show

Question 33

The __________ perspective points out that all social scientists assume one basic premise: that families are an important social institution performing essential social functions.

A) family developmental
B) family systems
C) exchange
D) structure-functional

Question 34

Women's domestic work was largely invisible in social science until __________ began to treat household labor as work that has economic value.

A) attachment theorists
B) family ecology scholars
C) family development specialists
D) the feminist perspective

Question 35

The conflict perspective is the opposite of the___________; it assumes that not all family behaviors and practices contribute to family well-being.

A) biosocial theory.
B) feminist theory.
C) structure-functional theory.
D) family systems theory.

Question 36

Evolutionary psychology is an alternate term for which perspective?

A) family ecology
B) biosocial
C) family systems
D) exchange

Question 37

The conflict and feminist perspectives call attention to __________ within groups-including families-and within the larger society.

A) the cause of varying individual attitudes
B) agreement and consensus about values
C) unequal power
D) equilibrium

Question 38

Though there is no "typical" American family today, advocates supporting the __________ perspective frequently argue that the heterosexual nuclear family is the norm, while their opponents refuse to view the nuclear family as normal, natural, or best.

A) feminist
B) exchange
C) structure-functional
D) conflict

Question 39

According to the exchange theory, the partner with less commitment to the relationship is the one who has more power, including the power to exploit the other. This concept is identified as:

A) a power struggle
B) the principle of least interest
C) the phenomenon of disinterest
D) manipulation

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a style of relating, according to attachment theory?

A) avoidant
B) compliant
C) insecure/anxious
D) secure

Question 41

To help accomplish ethical standards, most researchers now must have their research plans reviewed by

A) the international business machine (IBM).
B) an institutional review board (IRB).
C) the internal revenue service (IRS).
D) the public broadcasting system (PBS).

Question 42

In __________________(also called "participant observation" or "field research," the researcher spends extensive time with respondents and carefully records their activities, conversations, gestures, and other aspects of everyday life

A) conducting surveys
B) historical research
C) naturalistic observation
D) laboratory research

Question 43

A photograph in the text depicts a mother and her children waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars would likely note that the woman is in the child-rearing stage of the family life cycle?

A) exchange theorists
B) feminists
C) family developmentalists
D) interactionists

Question 44

According to the text, one disadvantage of survey research is the

A) difficulty of manipulating so many variables at one time.
B) presence of intervening variables in the research design.
C) fact that an adequate survey must be "in person," not a mailed questionnaire.
D) tendency of respondents to say what they think they should say.

Question 45

WWhile part of being a scientist is having objectivity, in reality

A) all of us are objective and value-free.
B) scientists are the most biased of all.
C) total neutrality is impossible for anyone.
D) objectivity is an unattainable goal and should not be pursued.

Question 46

A photograph in the text depicts a mother and her children waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might point out that, typically, it is mothers and not fathers who are primarily responsible for their children's health-and ask why?

A) feminists
B) family system theorists
C) structure-functionalists
D) interactionists

Question 47

WWhen conducting __________, researchers ask a series of structured, or closed-ended questions.

A) experiments
B) surveys
C) longitudinal investigations
D) participant observation

Question 48

Researchers conducting surveys want their samples to be

A) simple.
B) unrelated.
C) representative.
D) time-series

Question 49

In the contemporary version of evolutionary theory, it is the survival of one's __________ into future generations that is important.

A) parents
B) artifacts
C) random selection
D) genetic material

Question 50

According to the text, a national sample of approximately __________ persons can validly represent the U.S. population.

A) 1,500
B) 15,000
C) 50,000
D) 150

Question 51

The text observes that most people grow up in some form of family and know something about what marriages and families are. But while personal experience provides us with information, it can also act as

A) blinders.
B) coercion.
C) deception.
D) mystery.

Question 52

A photograph in the text depicts a mother and her children waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might speculate about whether the child seems to be secure, insecure/anxious or avoidant towards the mother?

A) attachment theorists
B) structure-functionalists
C) family ecologists
D) exchange theorists

Question 53

A photograph in the text depicts a family waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might remark on the quality of the facilities or speculate about the home that these people live in?

A) family ecologists
B) family developmentalists
C) structure-functionalists
D) exchange theorists

Question 54

The __________ perspective has its roots in Charles Darwin's principle of the survival of the fittest.

A) biosocial
B) family ecology
C) exchange
D) family systems

Question 55

The __________ perspective argues that humans' evolutionary biology affects much of human behavior and, more specifically, many family-related behaviors.

A) attachment
B) exchange
C) biosocial
D) family systems

Question 56

The most generalizable findings are most likely to be found in a survey with

A) a representative sample.
B) 2,000 rather than 10,000 people in the study.
C) questionnaires that gather data analyzable using computers.
D) fewer questions, thereby producing less data points.

Question 57

A photograph in the text depicts a mother and her children waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars would be inclined to explore the mother's body language and speculate on what the child is saying nonverbally to the mother?

A) interaction-constructionists
B) exchange theorists
C) structure-functionalists
D) family developmentalists

Question 58

Representative samples (like Gallup polls) are important to family survey research because they are most likely to

A) confirm unique family experience.
B) produce the findings the researcher thinks are correct.
C) include persons who will cooperate with the researcher in collecting data.
D) reflect the national adult population.

Question 59

Family researchers will often generate a __________, or "educated guess" about the way things are, based on their theoretical orientation.

A) multivariate analysis
B) bivariate analysis
C) hypothesis
D) factoid

Question 60

A photograph in the text depicts a mother and her children waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might speculate about the woman's personal power and resources relative to others in her family?

A) interactionists
B) structure-functionalists
C) family ecologists
D) exchange theorists

Question 61

Typically, deductive reasoning is associated with qualitative research, and inductive reasoning, with quantitative research.

Question 62

Children who live in poor neighborhoods are at less risk for negative social, educational, economic, and health outcomes.

Question 63

The family development model assumes that family life is erratic and seldom follows usual, typical, or conventional patterns.

Question 64

Demographic and economic data, legal records, and old diaries are especially useful for analyses of families in the past. This is an argument for using

A) historical research.
B) a longitudinal study.
C) a clinician's case study.
D) an experiment.

Question 65

From the family systems perspective, the parts of a family are seen as making a whole that is more than the mere sum of its parts.

Question 66

The research method called __________ is possible when the researcher has a large amount of control over the various aspects of the phenomena under study.

A) participant observation
B) the experiment
C) the longitudinal study
D) the survey

Question 67

Random assignment of research participants to Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 would suggest that the investigators are using which technique?

A) survey
B) multiple cross-sectional study
C) experiment
D) longitudinal study

Question 68

WAndre is a family therapist who is interested in how husbands cope when they are the victims of physical abuse suffered at the hands of their wives. He makes an intensive study of the five husbands who are currently his clients for therapy sessions because they suffer physical abuse from this source. Andre is using which type of research method?

A) cross-sectional study
B) clinician's case study
C) clinician's cross-sectional study
D) experiment

Question 69

The basic premise of the exchange perspective is that people use their resources to bargain and secure advantages in relationships.

Question 70

The text points out that each data collection technique

A) is equally useful.
B) must be value-free.
C) has strengths and weaknesses.
D) is unethical at times.

Question 71

The family ecology perspective stresses the interdependence of all the world's families-not only with one another but also with the environment.

Question 72

The most significant disadvantage of the "naturalistic observation" research method is that

A) it leads to non-representative conclusions.
B) there is a high likelihood of Type II error.
C) findings and conclusions may be highly subjective.
D) the conclusions are true for only a short span of time.

Question 73

The interaction-constructionist perspective looks only at the interaction between the family and the family's external environment.

Question 74

A "control group" is most likely to be found in which of the following?

A) a survey
B) a cross-cultural study
C) a multiple cross-sectional study
D) an experiment

Question 75

Realistic flavor and vivid detail are most likely to be found in which type of research method?

A) longitudinal study
B) survey
C) clinician's case study
D) experiment

Question 76

The family development perspective emphasizes the individual family as the unit of analysis and examines the orderly stages through which families are seen to move.

Question 77

Suzanne and Paul obtained a complete list of all 500 students in their marriage and family class. Starting with the first student on the list, each student was assigned a number ranging from 1 to 500. Then, Paul and Suzanne selected for their study every 10ᵗʰ number on the list. Clearly, they were trying to ensure that their research

A) could have a generalizable conclusion to the U.S. population.
B) had a representative sample.
C) was free of human error.
D) was longitudinal.

Question 78

WCollecting data over a period of years using documented materials would reflect a(n)

A) experiment.
B) clinician's case study.
C) historical approach.
D) longitudinal study.

Question 79

Family ecologists focus on current interactions within the family, not on historical, political or socioeconomic conditions.

Question 80

A politician argues: "The family must be saved somehow or society will suffer. It is the family, after all, that is primarily responsible for responsible childrearing, for the care of elderly parents, and for being the basic economic anchor of society." This view is consistent with the structure-functional perspective.