Deck 8: Ethical, Social, and Political Issues in E-Commerce

Question 1

What is the first step in analyzing an ethical dilemma?

A) Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved.
B) Identify the potential consequences of your opinions.
C) Identify the options you can reasonably take.
D) Identify and describe the facts.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Most adult social network participants do not have any expectation of personal privacy when using a social network.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (CDA) requires schools and libraries in the United States to install technology protection measures in an effort to shield children from pornography.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The ethical principle of Universalism states that if an action is not right for all situations, then it is not right for any situation.

Question 5

Liability is a feature of political systems in which a body of law is in place that permits individuals to recover damages done to them by other actors, systems, or organizations.

Question 6

Copyright protection protects against others copying the underlying ideas in a work.

Question 7

Which of the following e-commerce technology dimensions creates greater opportunities for cyberbullying?

A) richness
B) interactivity
C) social technology
D) ubiquity

Question 8

In the United States, Google is required to remove results from its search engine if requested.

Question 9

Which of the following e-commerce technology dimensions has the potential to reduce cultural diversity in products?

A) richness
B) interactivity
C) information density
D) global reach

Question 10

Google defended its Library Project on the grounds of fair use.

Question 11

Net neutrality refers to Internet backbone owners treating all Internet traffic equally.

Question 12

The European Data Protection Directive prohibits the transfer of PII to organizations or countries that do not have similar privacy protection policies.

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the four basic principles shared by ethical schools of thought in western culture?

A) accountability
B) privacy
C) due process
D) liability

Question 14

The opt-out model for informed consent requires an affirmative action by the consumer before a company can collect and use information.

Question 15

The Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) prohibits Web sites from collecting information on children under the age of 13.

Question 16

Online gambling is now legal throughout the United States.

Question 17

The AdChoices program is an industry-sponsored initiative to encourage Web sites to be more transparent about how they use personal information and to make it more likely that appropriate ads are shown to users.

Question 18

The principle of responsibility means that individuals, organizations, and societies should be held accountable to others for the consequences of their actions.

Question 19

The expansion of generic top-level domains recently authorized by ICANN is likely to be very disruptive in terms of copyright protection.

Question 20

Which ethical principle states that, when confronted with an ethical dilemma, individuals should take the action that achieves the greater value for all of society?

A) the Golden Rule
B) Universalism
C) the Collective Utilitarian principle
D) the Social Contract rule

Question 21

Which of the following can be used to record all keyboard activity of a user?

A) shopping carts
B) trusted computing environments
C) spyware
D) DRM

Question 22

Which ethical principle states that if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to take at all?

A) Universalism
B) the Slippery Slope
C) the Social Contract rule
D) the Golden Rule

Question 23

Which ethical principle states that when confronted with an ethical dilemma, an individual should take the action that produces the least harm, or the least potential cost?

A) the Slippery Slope
B) Risk Aversion
C) No Free Lunch
D) the Collective Utilitarian principle

Question 24

Which of the following is a tiered notice and response system aimed at reducing copyright infringement over P2P networks?

A) the CAS
B) FIP
C) Surfright
D) the Open Internet Order

Question 25

A social consequence of the richness of Internet information is:

A) an increase in shallowness.
B) an increase in the ease of creating misleading information.
C) very persuasive messages might reduce the need for multiple independent sources of information.
D) an increase in vulnerability to hacking attacks.

Question 26

Which of the FTC's Fair Information Practices (FIP) principles requires opt-in or opt-out policies to be in place?

A) Notice/Awareness
B) Choice/Consent
C) Access/Participation
D) Security

Question 27

Which of the following requires financial institutions to inform consumers of their privacy policies and permits consumers some control over their records?

A) Freedom of Information Act
B) Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
C) COPPA
D) HIPAA

Question 28

The sharing of a user's stored cookie information between Web sites and without the user's knowledge is:

A) legal in the United States but illegal in Europe.
B) illegal in the United States but legal in Europe.
C) legal in both the United States and Europe.
D) illegal in both the United States and Europe.

Question 29

Which of the following basic ethical concepts plays an important role in defining privacy?

A) responsibility
B) accountability
C) liability
D) due process

Question 30

Which ethical principle tells you that it is wise to assume perfect information markets?

A) the Golden Rule
B) the New York Times test
C) the Social Contract rule
D) the Collective Utilitarian principle

Question 31

Which of the FTC's Fair Information Practices (FIP) principles requires identification of the collector of data?

A) Notice/Awareness
B) Choice/Consent
C) Access/Participation
D) Security

Question 32

Which ethical principle asks you to consider the impact of your decision if the principles underlying your decision became an organizing principle of the entire society?

A) the Golden Rule
B) Risk Aversion
C) the Slippery Slope
D) the Social Contract rule

Question 33

Which of the following is not one of the issues complicating the taxation of e-commerce sales?

A) Taxes raised are used for different government purposes.
B) Sales taxes and policies vary by state and country.
C) Retailers legally only have to charge sales tax if they have operations located in the same state as a consumer.
D) Small online businesses are unable to manage sales taxes to thousands of different jurisdictions.

Question 34

Which of the following is not aimed at strengthening the ability of law enforcement agencies to monitor Internet users without their knowledge?

A) the USA PATRIOT Act
B) the Homeland Security Act
C) the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
D) the E-Government Act

Question 35

Which of the following statements about industry self-regulation regarding privacy is not True?

A) OPA members are required to implement the OPA's privacy guidelines.
B) The primary focus of industry efforts has been the use of online "seals" that attest to the site's policies.
C) Industry efforts have not so far succeeded in reducing American fears of privacy invasion.
D) The NAI's privacy policies have established the TRUSTe seal.

Question 36

What is the FTC recommendation regarding choice as it relates to personally identifiable information (PII)?

A) Require firms to have consumers affirmatively opt-in before PII is collected.
B) Require firms to allow consumers to opt-out before PII is collected.
C) Make collection of PII illegal.
D) Require robust notice only before PII is collected.

Question 37

Which of the following tools can companies use to track user statements and views on newsgroups, chat groups, and other public forums?

A) cookies
B) digital wallets
C) search engines
D) shopping carts

Question 38

Which ethical principle emphasizes putting oneself into the place of others and thinking of oneself as the object of the decision?

A) the Golden Rule
B) Universalism
C) the Collective Utilitarian principle
D) the Social Contract rule

Question 39

Which ethical principle asks you to assume that virtually all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone else unless there is a specific declaration otherwise?

A) the Golden Rule
B) the Slippery Slope
C) the Social Contract rule
D) No Free Lunch

Question 40

Which of the following is a core Fair Information Practices (FIP) principle?

A) Choice/Consent
B) Access/Participation
C) Security
D) Enforcement

Question 41

Downloading music tracks owned by record companies without paying for them is an example of a violation of:

A) patent law.
B) copyright law.
C) trademark law.
D) privacy law.

Question 42

How long does copyright protection extend for corporate-owned works?

A) 25 years
B) 50 years
C) 75 years
D) 95 years

Question 43

Which of the following handles cybersquatting cases under its Uniform Dispute Resolution procedures?

A) ICANN
B) FTC
C) WIPO
D) USPTO

Question 44

All of the following are possible penalties for violating the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) except:

A) up to ten years imprisonment for a first offense.
B) fines up to $500,000 for a first offense.
C) fines up to $1 million for a repeat offense.
D) restitution to the injured parties for any losses due to infringement.

Question 45

Amazon has a patent on:

A) download-based sales.
B) display of third-party advertisements in floating windows.
C) one-click purchasing.
D) hyperlinks.

Question 46

All of the following are factors that will be considered in determining whether use of copyrighted material is "fair use" except the:

A) nature of the work used.
B) amount of the work used.
C) market effect of the use.
D) free availability of the work on the Web.

Question 47

"Do Not Track" falls under which of the following principles in the FTC's new privacy framework?

A) Privacy by Design
B) Simplified Choice
C) Greater Transparency
D) Scope

Question 48

Which case was instrumental in paving the way for Internet business methods patents?

A) Brown Bag v. Symantec
B) State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, Inc.
C) Alice Corporation Pty. Ltd. v. CLS Bank International
D) Ticketmaster Corp. v. Tickets.com

Question 49

What is the major reason that the Internet has such potential for destroying traditional conceptions and implementations of intellectual property law?

A) the ability to make perfect copies of digital works at little cost
B) the anonymous nature of the Internet
C) the support for instant peer-to-peer communication
D) the use of standards for file formats

Question 50

All of the following statements about patents are True except:

A) it is more difficult to obtain a copyright than it is to obtain a patent.
B) the four types of inventions protected by patent law are machines, manmade products, compositions of matter, and processing methods.
C) computer programs can be patented.
D) in order to be patented, an invention must be nonobvious.

Question 51

Registering a domain name similar or identical to trademarks of others to divert Web traffic to their own sites is an example of:

A) cybersquatting.
B) cyberpiracy.
C) framing.
D) metatagging.

Question 52

Disputes over federal trademarks involve establishing:

A) underlying ideas.
B) intent.
C) piracy.
D) infringement.

Question 53

Registering the domain name Faceboik.com with the intent to divert Web traffic from people misspelling Facebook.com is an example of:

A) cybersquatting.
B) typosquatting.
C) metatagging.
D) linking.

Question 54

Which of the following allows someone to obtain an exclusive monopoly on the ideas behind an invention for 20 years?

A) copyright law
B) trade secret law
C) patent law
D) trademark law

Question 55

All of the following statements about the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) are True except:

A) the DMCA makes it illegal to circumvent technological measures to protect works.
B) the DMCA makes Internet Service Providers (ISPs) responsible and accountable for hosting Web sites or providing services to infringers regardless of whether the ISP is aware of infringement.
C) the DMCA requires search engines to block access to infringing sites.
D) the DMCA allows libraries to make digital copies of works for internal use only.

Question 56

Which of the following situations would not qualify for the fair use exception to U.S. copyright law?

A) A professor clips a newspaper article just before class and distributes copies of it to his class.
B) A journalist quotes a paragraph from a book in a review of the book.
C) A student copies a photograph of his favorite band from a Web site created by the band's record label and places it on the student's personal Web site.
D) Google posts thumbnail images of books in the Google Book Search Project.

Question 57

Which of the following protects original forms of expression in a tangible medium?

A) trade secret law
B) copyright law
C) patent law
D) trademark law

Question 58

Which pricing plan charges fees to e-commerce firms based on the amount of traffic they generate?

A) highway pricing
B) cap pricing
C) usage-based billing
D) congestion pricing

Question 59

Which of the following technologies allows you to send e-mail without a trace?

A) anonymous surfing
B) P3P
C) anonymous remailers
D) public key encryption

Question 60

Registering a domain name similar or identical to trademarks of others to extort profits from legitimate holders is an example of:

A) cybersquatting.
B) cyberpiracy.
C) framing.
D) metatagging.

Question 61

________ involves bypassing the target site's home page and going directly to a content page.

Question 62

The issue of ________ pits those who wish that all Internet traffic is given equal backbone access against telephone and cable companies that would like to charge differentiated prices based on bandwidth and fees paid.

Question 63

Single words, pictures, shapes, packaging, and colors used to identify and distinguish goods are protected under ________ law.

Question 64

Megaupload is an example of a(n) ________, an online file storage service dedicated to sharing copyrighted material illegally.

Question 65

________ is another name for net neutrality.

Question 66

In trademark law, ________ is defined as any behavior that would weaken the connection between the trademark and the product.

Question 67

The four major dimensions of e-commerce ethical, social, and political issues are public safety and welfare; property rights; information rights; and ________.

Question 68

The President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology has called for all of the following except:

A) a consumer privacy bill of rights.
B) a data breach law requiring firms to report losses of consumer data.
C) amendment of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act to strengthen protections against government surveillance.
D) a blanket prohibition on commercial data brokers.

Question 69

________ involves the creation of digital images that characterize online individual and group behavior.

Question 70

________ is the largest private personal database in the world.

Question 71

The doctrine of ________ permits teachers and writers to use copyrighted materials without permission under certain circumstances.

Question 72

Comcast's proposed merger with which of the following would make it the high-speed Internet provider for close to 40% of American homes?

A) Cablevision
B) AT&T
C) Verizon
D) Time Warner Cable

Question 73

According to data from Pew Research Center, which of the following is the action which the highest percentage of Internet users has taken to preserve their privacy online?

A) used an anonymous Web browsing service
B) encrypted their communications
C) cleared Web browser history and cookies
D) posted comments online anonymously

Question 74

________ copyright infringement lawsuits are concerned with the distinction between an idea and its expression.

Question 75

Under the ________ Act, American intelligence authorities are permitted to tap into whatever Internet traffic they believe is relevant to the campaign against terrorism, in some circumstances without judicial review.

Question 76

Demographic and behavioral information that does not include any personal identifiers is referred to as ________ information.

Question 77

A(n) ________ is a private self-regulating policy and enforcement mechanism that meets the objectives of government regulators and legislation, but does not involve government regulation or enforcement.

Question 78

The ________ of Internet and Web technology can result in work and shopping invading family life.

Question 79

The display of a third-party's Web site or page within your own Web site is called:

A) cybersquatting.
B) metatagging.
C) framing.
D) deep linking.

Question 80

In which of the following cases did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that basic business methods cannot be patented?

A) State Street Bank & Trust v. Signature Financial Group, Inc.
B) Bilski et al. v. Kappos
C) Alice Corporation Pty. Ltd. v. CLS Bank International
D) Brown Bag Software v. Symantec Corp.