Deck 5: Correlates and Causes of Delinquency

Question 1

Travis Hirschi believe that youth who have a closer bond to their parents and prosocial peers are less likely to…

A) Commit delinquent acts
B) Commit felonies
C) Commit misdemeanors
D) None of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In what year did the U.S Congress pass the Child Abuse Prevention Act and established the National Center on Child abuse?

A) 1971
B) 1974
C) 1976
D) 1977

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What are the most important factors associated with students dropping out of school?

A) Race, ethnicity, and gender
B) Family, parents, and peers
C) Economic factors and individual factors
D) All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The process in which child abuse leads to delinquency has been described as:

A) "The cycle of criminal behavior"
B) "The cycles of revictimization"
C) "The cycle of violence"
D) "The cycle of criminal distinction"

Question 5

Though there is a relationship between family problems and delinquency we cannot say:

A) Social problems within the family cause delinquency
B) That children from broken homes are delinquent.
C) That broken homes are a cause of delinquency
D) That broken homes are an effect of parental delinquency

Question 6

Abused children often act out through acts of _______ and _______ in school.

A) Truancy and disruptive behavior
B) Disruptive behavior and poor grades
C) Violence and thievery
D) Truancy and violence

Question 7

The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency PreventionOJJDP) has developed a number of truancy and dropout prevention programs. Which one of the following is not one of those programs?

A) Communities in SchoolsCIS)
B) Families and Schools TogetherFAST)
C) School Truancy and Dropout Prevention ProgramSTDPP)
D) None of the above

Question 8

The risk of assault, physical injury and even murder is _________ in the home.

A) Menial
B) Negligible
C) Small
D) Greater

Question 9

The term "parental rejection" means:

A) A parent-child relationship that is lacking in warmth, love, affection, and appreciation of parents for their children.
B) A parent-child relationship that is lacking in love.
C) A parent-child relationship that is lacking of affection and parental appreciation of the child.
D) None of the above

Question 10

According to what theory does delinquency result from the frustrations of school experiences?

A) Control theory
B) Strain theory
C) Social prevention theory
D) None of the above

Question 11

Parents can reduce the risk that their child will be victimized or engage in deviant and delinquent behavior by following three effective parenting practices, which are:

A) Communication, engagement with youth and knowledge of the child's whereabouts.
B) Awareness, communication, and engagement.
C) Awareness, communication and independence.
D) Awareness, engagement and respect their individuality

Question 12

Neglect refers to:

A) Parental deprivation of children.
B) Parental deprivation that is more passive in nature.
C) Parental deprivation of children, such as lack of food, shelter, clothing, care and nurturance.
D) Parental pattern on abusive behavior.

Question 13

The effects of the single-parent family appear to be experienced more __________ in disadvantaged neighborhoods.

A) Positively
B) Exaggerated
C) Negatively
D) Hopeless

Question 14

Who originated the term "battered child syndrome"?

A) Helfer and Kempe
B) Wells and Rankin
C) Patterson and Southhammer-Loeber
D) Dr. C. Henry Kempe

Question 15

The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency PreventionOJJDP) has funded which programs of research on the causes and correlates of delinquency?

A) Denver Youth Survey
B) Pittsburg Youth Study
C) Rochester Youth Development Study in New York
D) All of the above

Question 16

Abuse refers to:

A) Purely emotional trauma from parent to child.
B) More overt, physical mistreatment of a child that often results in injuries requiring medical care.
C) Broken home Syndrome
D) None of the above.

Question 17

What percentage of studentsages 12-18) reported that they had been bullied at school in the last 6 months, according to the School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey?

A) 10%
B) 7%
C) 8%
D) 5%

Question 18

To reduce delinquency among adolescents, parents and communities should strengthen the balance between ________ and ____________.

A) Nurture and control
B) Control and retribution
C) Deterrence and retribution
D) None of the above

Question 19

Research results indicate that early family/parent training programs ________child behavior problems, including antisocial behavior and delinquency.

A) Increase
B) Eradicate
C) Encourage
D) Reduce

Question 20

Broken home refers to:

A) A family structure that is not like a typical nuclear family unit.
B) A family structure that has been disrupted by separation, divorce, or death of a parent.
C) A family structure that has been disrupted by internal and external forces.
D) A family structure that has been disrupted by sociological causes.

Question 21

Brown2004) reported that levels of delinquency were greatest among adolescents living in single-father families.

Question 22

Research has shown that there is clearly a relationship between school dropout and delinquency. Dropout is always the cause of delinquency.

Question 23

Programs targeted solely at substance abuse prevention may have little effect on delinquency rates because drug use is a symptom and not a cause of delinquency.

Question 24

Experts were finally able to agree on an exact definition of a "gang" in 2008.

Question 25

Parental involvement in their children's lives is perhaps the most important factor in their healthy psychological development.

Question 26

Inconsistent parental discipline and limited supervision actually have been shown to have little effect on prediction of delinquent behavior.

Question 27

The level of communication and quality of parent-child relations is important in youths' prosocial development and avoidance of drugs and delinquency.

Question 28

Attachment to others refers to the affection and respect that children have for parents and friends.

Question 29

The term "parental rejection" refers to parents who reject their child and remove them from their home with the aid of the juvenile justice system.

Question 30

Child abuse and neglect refer to physical abuse and failure to care properly for children's development and emotional well-being.

Question 31

Akers1985) found that for the majority of teenagers, peers do reinforce delinquent behavior rather than conforming behavior.

Question 32

The family is the most important source of socialization in a child's life.

Question 33

Elliott1985) suggested that treatment approaches that use adolescent peer group processes may actually have the unintended effect of contributing to closer delinquent friendships.

Question 34

The quality of the parent-child relationship has been shown to be more important than the family structure in the home.

Question 35

The formation of gangs is an extension of adolescent peer groups.

Question 36

Most delinquency is committed by youth who are gang members living in large communities.

Question 37

School truancy is considered to be the first step to lifetime problems and is associated with substance abuse and gang involvement.

Question 38

Factors such as school experiences, peer relations, and family experiences are called correlates rather than causes of delinquency because every young person experiences them in varying degrees in the process of growing up.

Question 39

Single fathers are becoming the fastest growing family norm and account for about 30% of all single-parent families.

Question 40

Theft is the most frequently occurring crime in schools.

Question 41

Why are public schools, especially middle schools, among the best resources for preventing and intervening early youth gang problems?

Question 42

Describe the structure/organization level of neighborhoods with the highest rates of violent victimization and offending.

Question 43

What are some of the signs that "parental" disengagement exists in a family?

Question 44

List the characteristics/purpose of the three types of gangs identified byHuff).

Question 45

What are some of the reasons delinquency rates are related to the number of children in a family?

Question 46

What are characteristics or "risk factors" associated with gang membership?