Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

In the late 1700s, _____ began reforming the conditions in asylums to make them more humane.

A)Dorothea Dix
B)Philippe Pinel
C)Jean-Paul Broca
D)Pierre Flourens

Answer 1

Philippe Pinel

Question 2

The textbook states that people often enter a psychiatric ward or hospital when they experience a psychotic episode. Based on this information, hospitalization is probably MOST likely for individuals suffering from:

A)a personality disorder.
B)schizophrenia.
C)panic disorder.
D)major depression.

Answer 2

schizophrenia.

Question 3

Roughly how many prison inmates in the United States suffer from mental health problems?

A)500,000
B)1 million
C)2 million
D)3 million

Answer 3

3 million

Question 4

According to the textbook, "deinstitutionalization was made possible by the introduction of medications that reduced some symptoms of severe psychological disorders." In other words, advances in _____ therapy paved the way for deinstitutionalization.

A)psychodynamic
B)behavioral
C)insight
D)biomedical

Question 5

_____ therapies aim to increase awareness of one's self and environment.

A)Behavioral
B)Insight
C)Eclectic
D)Biomedical

Question 6

Dorothea Dix is to Philippe Pinel as _____ is to _____.

A)French Revolution; Renaissance
B)moral treatment; mental hygiene
C)Renaissance; French Revolution
D)mental hygiene; moral treatment

Question 7

Which figure BEST approximates the proportion of inmates who suffer from some type of mental health problem?

A)25%
B)35%
C)50%
D)65%

Question 8

Which time period is correctly matched with its development in the history of psychological treatment?

A)stone age - creation of asylums
B)16th century - "moral treatment" revolution
C)French revolution - trephination
D)19th century - mental hygiene movement

Question 9

Biomedical therapies do NOT include:

A)electroconvulsive therapy.
B)psychopharmacology.
C)behavior therapy.
D)neurosurgery.

Question 10

______ is more colloquially known as "talk therapy."

A)Psychotherapy
B)Biomedical therapy
C)Behavior therapy
D)Psychodynamic therapy

Question 11

During the second half of the 19th century, _____ promoted the mental hygiene movement to reform American asylums.

A)Dorothea Dix
B)Philippe Pinel
C)David Rosenhan
D)Albert Ellis

Question 12

The first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was published in the:

A)1940s.
B)1950s.
C)1960s.
D)1970s.

Question 13

Dr. Jarreau is a psychotherapist. Her goal is to develop clients' self-awareness. Dr. Jarreau is BEST described as a(n) _____ therapist.

A)biomedical
B)behavior
C)insight
D)eclectic

Question 14

Dr. Alvarez is a strict Freudian psychoanalyst. Dr. Brown is a non-directive, client-centered humanistic therapist. Dr. Charles is a behavior therapist. Which of these psychologists is an insight therapist?

A)Only Dr. Charles is an insight therapist.
B)Only Dr. Alvarez is an insight therapist.
C)Only Dr. Alvarez and Dr. Brown are insight therapists.
D)None of these psychologists are insight therapists.

Question 15

Dr. DeRouen is a psychodynamic therapist. Her colleague, Dr. Ebrahim practices person-centered therapy. Both doctors, though, believe that the goal of therapy is to encourage awareness of inner conflicts, defenses, and motives. Both Dr. DeRouen and Dr. Ebrahim are therefore _____ therapists.

A)cognitive
B)psychoanalytic
C)biomedical
D)insight

Question 16

Religious groups began developing asylums in the _____ century.

A)14th
B)15th
C)16th
D)17th

Question 17

Today, the usual length of stay in a psychiatric hospital is:

A)less than one month.
B)2 to 3 months.
C)about 6 months.
D)about 1 year.

Question 18

In the United States, the deinstitutionalization of patients with psychological disorders began in the:

A)1930s.
B)1940s.
C)1950s.
D)1960s.

Question 19

The view that psychological normality and abnormality reflect a continuum rather than discrete categories took hold in the:

A)late 19th century.
B)first half of the 20th century.
C)1950s.
D)late 20th century.

Question 20

_____ and _____ therapies are both types of _____ therapy.

A)Behavior; insight; psychological
B)Psychological; behavior; insight
C)Psychological; insight; behavioral
D)Behavior; insight; biomedical

Question 21

Which is the MOST specific category of therapy?

A)psychodynamic therapy
B)insight therapy
C)individual therapy
D)biomedical therapy

Question 22

During his weekly therapy sessions, Colin finds it very difficult to talk about childhood memories. He often pauses before mentioning embarrassing moments or simply forgets important details. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:

A)interpretation.
B)transference.
C)resistance.
D)the Oedipus conflict.

Question 23

Which is the broadest category of therapy?

A)psychodynamic therapy
B)insight therapy
C)humanistic therapy
D)biomedical therapy

Question 24

After telling his psychoanalyst about his relationship with his ex-wife for a few minutes, Jerome suddenly changes the subject. Jerome is exhibiting:

A)resistance.
B)transference.
C)interpretation.
D)the Oedipus conflict.

Question 25

Up to _____ of therapists now use an integrative, eclectic approach to therapy.

A)25%
B)35%
C)50%
D)80%

Question 26

What is transference?

A)the transfer of a learned response from one task to another similar task
B)the transfer of irrational cognitions to the self
C)the transfer of strong feelings about parents or authority figures to a therapist
D)a behavioral technique invented to facilitate the transfer of learned behaviors from the session to the outside world

Question 27

If a client becomes unwilling to cooperate at key points during therapy, she is demonstrating:

A)resistance.
B)free association.
C)a therapeutic alliance.
D)transference.

Question 28

Behavior therapy is a type of _____ therapy that _____.

A)insight; uses learning principles
B)psychological; uses learning principles
C)psychological; changes maladaptive thoughts
D)insight; changes maladaptive thoughts

Question 29

_____ is the therapeutic technique developed by _____. The goal of this type of therapy is to help patients gain insight into repressed impulses and conflicts.

A)Psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud
B)Client-centered therapy; Carl Rogers
C)Rational-emotive behavior therapy; Albert Ellis
D)Cognitive therapy; Aaron Beck

Question 30

Jenny has just finished describing one of her dreams to her therapist. Her therapist tells her to say anything and everything that comes to her mind. Jenny's therapist is using the technique of:

A)free association.
B)transference.
C)interpretation.
D)active listening.

Question 31

During her weekly therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:

A)interpretation.
B)transference.
C)desensitization.
D)resistance.

Question 32

When a client begins relating to a therapist in the same way she might relate to parents or other important people in her life, she is demonstrating:

A)resistance.
B)free association.
C)a therapeutic alliance.
D)transference.

Question 33

Dalton's therapist takes careful notes of Dalton's dreams, as well as his free association responses and his resistance to talk about certain issues. Dalton's therapist is engaged in:

A)active listening.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)interpretation.
D)transference.

Question 34

According to some estimates, there are as many as _____ specific types of psychotherapy.

A)50
B)100
C)200
D)500

Question 35

Which sequence correctly arranges types of therapy from broadest to most specific?

A)insight therapy > psychological therapy > psychoanalysis
B)psychological therapy > insight therapy > family therapy
C)group therapy > family therapy > insight therapy
D)neurosurgery > biomedical therapy > individual therapy

Question 36

Freud proposed that the ego defends the individual against anxiety by pushing sexual and aggressive urges out of consciousness. This defense mechanism is called:

A)displacement.
B)denial.
C)repression.
D)projection.

Question 37

Noah dreams that he suddenly becomes paralyzed as he tries to cross a busy intersection. In Freudian terms, this is the _____ content of Noah's dream. The underlying meaning of the dream is the _____ content.

A)manifest; repressed
B)manifest; latent
C)repressed; manifest
D)repressed; latent

Question 38

Psychoanalysts attempt to access a client's unconscious through each of these avenues EXCEPT:

A)dream analysis.
B)resistance and transference.
C)aversion therapy.
D)free association.

Question 39

Which approach to psychological therapy is correctly defined?

A)psychoanalysis - uses learning principles to replace maladaptive patterns
B)behavior therapy - seeks to change maladaptive thought patterns
C)humanistic therapy - emphasizes positive growth
D)cognitive therapy - seeks to increase awareness of unconscious conflicts

Question 40

When working with families or groups, therapists generally use some type of _____ therapy.

A)behavioral
B)biomedical
C)eclectic
D)insight

Question 41

Carl Rogers is to _____ therapy as _____ is to rational-emotive behavior therapy.

A)cognitive behavioral; Albert Ellis
B)cognitive behavioral; Aaron Beck
C)person-centered; Albert Ellis
D)person-centered; Aaron Beck

Question 42

Person-centered therapists are _____; that is, they follow the client's lead during the session.

A)nondirective
B)reactive
C)directive
D)transactional

Question 43

Chelsea's therapist uses active listening in an empathetic environment. Her therapist is MOST likely using _____ therapy.

A)person-centered
B)rational-emotive behavior
C)aversion
D)psychodynamic

Question 44

_____ therapy is a type of insight therapy that emphasizes the positive aspects of people's nature.

A)Humanistic
B)Psychodynamic
C)Behavioral
D)Psychoanalytic

Question 45

Humanistic therapy began as a reaction to:

A)insight therapy.
B)biomedical therapy.
C)behavior therapy.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 46

Malika sees her therapist every other week. When she is at her therapist's office, she feels accepted and can share anything. While her therapist listens to what Malika has to say without judgment, he also seeks understanding by paraphrasing as well as asking for clarification. Malika's therapist is practicing:

A)exposure therapy.
B)rational-emotive behavior therapy.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)person-centered therapy.

Question 47

Psychodynamic therapy is probably NOT an effective form of treatment for:

A)depression.
B)eating disorders.
C)borderline personality disorder.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 48

Humanistic therapy began to take root in the:

A)1940s.
B)1950s.
C)1960s.
D)1970s.

Question 49

The therapist MOST closely associated with the humanistic movement is:

A)Aaron Beck.
B)Albert Ellis.
C)Carl Rogers.
D)Sigmund Freud.

Question 50

Person-centered therapy is one type of _____ therapy.

A)humanistic
B)psychoanalytic
C)psychodynamic
D)behavioral

Question 51

How should a psychoanalyst handle a patient's transference?

A)The therapist should discourage and attempt to minimize the patient's transference.
B)The therapist should encourage transference.
C)The therapist should simply ignore the patient's transference.
D)The therapist should refer the patient to another professional toward whom the patient is unlikely to demonstrate transference.

Question 52

One disadvantage of psychodynamic therapy is that it:

A)is appropriate for only a few psychological disorders.
B)yields only short-term benefits.
C)requires high verbal ability and self-awareness.
D)may last for years.

Question 53

Michaela's therapist is an active listener who often paraphrases what she says. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. He wants to deepen her self-understanding. Her therapy is MOST likely:

A)behavior therapy.
B)cognitive therapy.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)person-centered therapy.

Question 54

During a session, Henry becomes agitated at his therapist, saying that she is controlling, domineering, and trying to ruin his life. A psychoanalyst would say that Henry's behavior illustrates:

A)interpretation.
B)transference.
C)desensitization.
D)resistance.

Question 55

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy?

A)Psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy are the same.
B)Psychoanalysis was developed by Freud, whereas psychodynamic therapy was developed by Jung
C)Psychoanalysis has largely supplanted traditional psychodynamic therapy.
D)Psychodynamic therapy is a contemporary version of psychoanalysis.

Question 56

Carl Rogers was a key figure in all of these EXCEPT:

A)insight therapy.
B)person-centered therapy.
C)psychodynamic therapy.
D)humanistic therapy.

Question 57

Compared to psychoanalysis, humanistic therapy is _____ likely to focus on the present rather than the past, and _____ likely to focus on the conscious rather than the unconscious mind.

A)less; less
B)less; more
C)more; less
D)more; more

Question 58

In person-centered therapy, the therapist:

A)challenges the client's irrational statements.
B)teaches the client relaxation responses.
C)silently writes notes on a small pad.
D)clarifies and reflects back the client's statements.

Question 59

How does psychodynamic therapy differ from traditional psychoanalysis?

A)Psychodynamic therapy lasts longer than psychoanalysis.
B)Psychodynamic therapy is more narrowly focused, targeting specific, current problems.
C)There is more client-therapist interaction in psychoanalysis than in psychodynamic therapy.
D)The therapist uses a more indirect approach in psychodynamic therapy than in psychoanalysis.

Question 60

Person-centered therapy is the brand of humanistic therapy developed by:

A)Abraham Maslow.
B)Aaron Beck.
C)Carl Rogers.
D)Albert Ellis.

Question 61

Exposure + anxiety hierarchy = _____.

A)aversion therapy
B)cognitive therapy
C)systematic desensitization
D)behavior modification

Question 62

According to a behavior therapist, how are psychological disorders treated MOST effectively?

A)The client must learn new responses.
B)Maladaptive thought patterns should be challenged or changed.
C)Unconscious conflicts should be brought to light.
D)Neurotransmitter irregularities should be rectified through drugs.

Question 63

Person-centered therapists use a type of empathetic listening called _____ listening.

A)active
B)nondirective
C)directive
D)passive

Question 64

An anxiety hierarchy is used in:

A)aversion therapy.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)exposure.
D)behavior modification.

Question 65

To help Alfredo reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and imagine that he is walking toward a friendly, harmless little dog. The therapist's technique BEST illustrates:

A)aversion therapy.
B)exposure.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)cognitive therapy.

Question 66

Giovanni abuses cocaine; Hans has a dog phobia. Which choice correctly identifies the behavioral treatment MOST appropriate for each of these individuals?

A)Giovanni - systematic desensitization; Hans - aversion therapy or exposure
B)Giovanni - systematic desensitization or exposure; Hans - aversion therapy
C)Giovanni - aversion therapy; Hans - systematic desensitization or exposure
D)Giovanni - exposure; Hans - aversion therapy or systematic desensitization

Question 67

The aim of _____ therapy is to replace maladaptive behaviors by applying learning principles.

A)biomedical
B)psychodynamic
C)behavior
D)cognitive

Question 68

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca BEST illustrates:

A)systematic desensitization.
B)exposure.
C)aversion therapy.
D)rational-emotive behavior therapy.

Question 69

How does exposure differ from systematic desensitization?

A)Exposure does not proceed through a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli; systematic desensitization does.
B)Exposure proceeds through a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli; systematic desensitization does not.
C)Exposure does not use aversive stimuli; systematic desensitization does.
D)Exposure uses aversive stimuli; systematic desensitization does not.

Question 70

In _____, the goal is to replace a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative one.

A)systematic desensitization
B)exposure
C)aversion therapy
D)psychoanalysis

Question 71

Behavior therapists often treat phobias by using:

A)behavior modification.
B)rational-emotive behavior therapy.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)aversion therapy.

Question 72

_____ is used to treat phobias by presenting clients with the feared objects or situations in a no-risk context.

A)Behavior modification
B)Exposure
C)Systematic desensitization
D)Aversion therapy

Question 73

In _____, a pleasant relaxed state is associated with increasingly intense anxiety-provoking stimuli.

A)aversion therapy
B)systematic desensitization
C)person-centered therapy
D)behavior modification

Question 74

While Justin's therapist listens to what he has to say without judgment, she also seeks understanding by paraphrasing as well as asking for clarification and then reflecting Justin's feelings.Justin's therapist is using a therapeutic technique known as:

A)active listening.
B)free association.
C)interpretation.
D)transference.

Question 75

_____ emphasized the importance of active listening during psychotherapy.

A)Aaron Beck
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Carl Rogers
D)Albert Ellis

Question 76

_____ therapy associates an unpleasant state, such as nausea, with an unwanted behavior, such as drinking alcohol.

A)Aversion
B)Exposure
C)Cognitive
D)Rational-emotive behavior

Question 77

_____ progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.

A)Aversion therapy
B)Electroconvulsive therapy
C)Systematic desensitization
D)Virtual reality exposure therapy

Question 78

Which adjective MOST nearly captures the essence of unconditional positive regard?

A)accepting
B)empathetic
C)authentic
D)challenging

Question 79

Insight therapies do NOT include:

A)psychodynamic therapy.
B)behavior therapy.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)humanistic therapy.

Question 80

To help Tom reduce his fear of flying, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is taking off in an airplane. The therapist's technique BEST illustrates:

A)systematic desensitization.
B)exposure.
C)aversion therapy.
D)rational-emotive therapy.