Deck 4: Individual Traits and Differences

Question 1

Hard work,patriotism and frugality are values typically held by people in which of the following age groups?

A)Those over 65
B)Those from 50 to 65
C)Those 35 to 50
D)Those 25 to 35

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Abilities tend to be:

A)stable over an extended period of time
B)related to culture
C)based on values
D)related to leadership

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following cultures value the leader's ability to conform to social order?

A)the United States
B)Germany
C)Japan
D)The Philippines

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which one of the following is not part of what makes an individual unique?

A)heredity
B)genes
C)gender
D)athletic ability

Question 5

Individual difference characteristics affect a person's behavior most when:

A)the situation provides clear guidelines
B)the situation is loosely structured
C)the person is strong willed
D)the person is flexible

Question 6

Personality is best defined as:

A)a person's traits based on their genes
B)a set of traits that make a person unique
C)how people behave based on their values
D)behaviors that make people different

Question 7

___________ are natural aptitudes,whereas __________ are acquired talents.

A)Personality traits;behaviors
B)Abilities;skills.
C)Leadership skills;management skills
D)Values;cultural tendencies

Question 8

The interactionist view of individual differences suggests:

A)the environment determines who we are
B)genes are the most important factor in making people who they are
C)heredity and the environment both influence individual differences
D)culture is one of the key factors in determining how people behave

Question 9

Christie is a lively,informal,and outgoing person who just started a new job.She quickly realizes that her new company is formal and very subdued.Christie adjusts her behavior and tones down her natural enthusiasm to adopt a more quiet style.This is an example of:

A)weak personality
B)conformity pressure
C)responding to situational cues
D)the acceptance of company rules

Question 10

Which of the traits generally cannot be acquired through time and appropriate experience?

A)knowledge of industry
B)self-confidence
C)intelligence
D)honesty

Question 11

Jose believes in being honest in all situations.This is a reflection of Jose's __________.

A)values
B)personal choice
C)culture
D)temperament

Question 12

One of your Navajo employees quits after you surprise him with having won the company's most valuable employee performance award which is advertised on the company web site,newsletter,and local television.His quitting is likely to be due to:

A)his shyness and personal reserve
B)his culture's emphasis not standing out
C)the lack of individual recognition
D)unknown factors that often influence a person's behavior

Question 13

The primary reason boys are more competitive and aggressive than girls is that:

A)boys are genetically more aggressive
B)boys watch more violent movies and play more video games
C)typical male genetic traits are reinforced by society
D)parents spend less time with boys than with girls

Question 14

Which of the following is not part of the definition of personality?

A)personality is stable over an extended period of time
B)personality is a set of traits
C)personality determines what we do
D)personality is influenced by genes and the environment

Question 15

When people are encouraged to behave outside their zone of comfort,they are likely to:

A)learn and grow even though the behavior is threatening to them
B)develop leadership skills
C)become frustrated
D)resist change and revert to the comfort zone at all costs

Question 16

Which one of the following influences a person's value system?

A)abilities
B)skills
C)leadership
D)culture

Question 17

Japanese managers are likely to reward team effort over individual achievement.This is because:

A)the Japanese culture values community
B)individuals tend to perform less well in Japan
C)the Japanese are less competitive
D)individual achievement is only rewarded in special cases

Question 18

Non-conformity,idealism,and distrust of the establishment are values typically held by people in which of the following age groups?

A)Those over 65
B)Those from 50 to 65
C)Those 35 to 50
D)Those 25 to 35

Question 19

Although female babies tend to develop language skills earlier than males,parents speak more to girls than boys and schools expect girls to be proficient in language.This is an example of:

A)the interactionist approach
B)sexism in our society
C)typical problems boys face in their development
D)the importance of parental influence

Question 20

Which of the following have been found to be relatively universal values?

A)Individuality and Individual dignity
B)Personal achievement and performance
C)Fairness and honesty
D)Desire for recognition and rewards

Question 21

A __________ view of ethics suggests that what is right or wrong depends on the situation.

A)universalist
B)contingency
C)relativist
D)cultural

Question 22

_____________ and ______________ are often terms used to describe creativity.

A)Divergent;lateral thinking
B)Opportunistic;thrill seeking
C)Bold;aggressive
D)Strategic;forward looking

Question 23

Cross-cultural research about deception shows that:

A)people in individualist cultures feel guilty about lying.
B)people in collectivist cultures use more deception.
C)deception is a universal concept.
D)most people lie to protect themselves.

Question 24

Leaders who are high on ____________ are better able to guide their followers through challenging tasks because they can recognize perceptual patterns and coordinate group activities.

A)self-monitoring
B)empathy
C)consideration
D)optimism

Question 25

_____________ is increasingly being suggested as being more important than ____________.

A)Ability to relate to others;intelligence
B)Consideration for people;focus on the task
C)Cognitive ability;social skills
D)Cultural knowledge;task skills.

Question 26

Which of the following countries has been rated as the least corrupt by Transparency International?

A)Paraguay
B)Singapore
C)The United States
D)Canada

Question 27

While addressing employees after 9/11,Ken Chenault the CEO of American Express,openly expressed his sorrow and embraced grief-stricken employees.His behavior is an example of:

A)his ability to present the appropriate emotions when needed
B)his high level of emotional intelligence
C)his excellent self-presentation skills
D)his leadership skills

Question 28

What can a Western manager negotiating in Japan or Korea expect?

A)Open and honest negotiation
B)Cooperation based on the need for collective harmony
C)Some deception followed by guilt
D)The same situation as negotiating in Germany

Question 29

Emotional intelligence is important in leadership because:

A)caring about others is important
B)good self-presentation is key to leadership
C)emotional intelligence has been found to be related to cultural sensitivity
D)the ability to harmonize with others plays a key role in leadership

Question 30

Andy,who is in his early forties,cannot understand why Malcolm,his coworker is so distrustful of their manager and often defies her authority.Malcolm is likely to belong to which of the following generations?

A)the Baby Boomers
B)the Generation Xers
C)the Yuppies
D)the Millennials

Question 31

Which of the following is not a component of emotional intelligence?

A)self-awareness
B)self-regulation
C)empathy
D)optimism

Question 32

Older generations in Western Europe and the U.S.tend to _____________ than younger generation.

A)be more suspicious of authority
B)have a stronger sense of cultural superiority
C)be more independent
D)be more tied to their parents and family members

Question 33

The link between leadership and intelligence,

A)shows that smart managers are better managers.
B)is far from clear.
C)shows that cognitive intelligence is more important than creative intelligence.
D)is both positive and linear.

Question 34

Enjoyment of life and desire for autonomy and flexibility are values typically held by people in which of the following age groups?

A)Those over 65
B)Those from 50 to 65
C)Those 40 to 50
D)Those 30 to40

Question 35

United States laws forbid business people to bribe others even in cultures where bribery is expected or necessary.This approach to ethics reflects a ___________ view of ethics.

A)universalist
B)contingency
C)relativist
D)cultural

Question 36

Examples of people,such as movie producer Scott Rudin,show that _________ may be more important than __________.

A)ability to relate to others;intelligence
B)consideration for people;focus on the task
C)cognitive ability;social skills
D)cultural knowledge;task skills

Question 37

____________ are ambitious,seek material comfort and are success driven.

A)The Baby Boomers
B)The Generation Xers
C)The Baby Busters
D)The Millennials or Nexters

Question 38

In addition to coming up with new ideas,creative leaders must also have:

A)consideration for others
B)technical expertise
C)strong task focus
D)short term orientation

Question 39

Ambition,material comfort,and success are values typically held by people in which of the following age groups?

A)Those over 65
B)Those from 50 to 65
C)Those 35 to 50
D)Those 25 to 35

Question 40

___________ is the ability to read others and be able to put yourself in their place.

A)self-monitoring
B)empathy
C)consideration
D)social skills

Question 41

Which of the following is not a characteristic of proactive personalities?

A)Identify opportunities.
B)Remove obstacles.
C)Constrained by situation
D)Take initiative.

Question 42

Shelly Provost,a partner at Lamp Post Group,believes that individuals with a proactive personality make better _________.

A)general managers.
B)chief executive officers.
C)entrepreneurs.
D)sales people.

Question 43

Which of the Big Five personality dimensions is most strongly correlated to job performance?

A)conscientiousness
B)emotional intelligence
C)openness to experience
D)agreeableness

Question 44

People with a proactive personality tend to have

A)greater job satisfaction
B)less job satisfaction
C)less control over daily life activities
D)greater stress

Question 45

The XYZ Corporation is looking for a leader who can develop high job commitment and create high job satisfaction.According to recent research on the Big Five personality dimensions,which characteristics should they look for in that leader?

A)high conscientiousness,openness to experience,moderate emotional stability,and high agreeableness
B)high on emotional stability,extraversion,and agreeableness,and low on conscientiousness
C)low on introversion,agreeableness,and emotional intelligence,and high on conscientiousness
D)high on control and high on consideration

Question 46

Marta has just been appointed to a top level executive position in her company.Which of the following leadership skills is she most likely to need and use?

A)technical
B)interpersonal
C)conceptual
D)organizational

Question 47

________________ and ____________ are both part of the Big Five personality dimensions.

A)Locus of control;need for control
B)Cognitive;emotional intelligence
C)Emotional stability;consideration for others
D)Extraversion;openness to experience

Question 48

Sally Colbert is very energetic,focuses on deadlines,is highly ambitious and likes working alone.Based on this information,Sally is most likely to be:

A)a good manager.
B)a Type A who needs control.
C)a person with internal locus of control.
D)a high self-monitor.

Question 49

Which of the following best describe Type As?

A)Type As are strategic thinkers who are proactive.
B)Type As try to do more in less time.
C)Type As are willing to cut corners to achieve their goals.
D)Type As are good at persuading others.

Question 50

____________ need an increasing amount of control while ____________ feel that they have control over their environment.

A)Extroverts/high Machiavellians
B)Low self-monitors/high self-monitors
C)Type As/people with internal locus of control
D)People who are sensing-feelers/those who are intuitive-thinkers

Question 51

Which one of the following is not one of the leadership skills of creative leaders?

A)technical
B)interpersonal
C)conceptual
D)organizational

Question 52

Which of the following is not part of the Big Five personality dimensions?

A)conscientiousness
B)emotional intelligence
C)openness to experience
D)agreeableness

Question 53

Most organizations provide skills training to their employees and leaders because:

A)skills can be learned
B)new skills can quickly be translated into behaviors
C)skills are not influenced by culture
D)the same set of skills can be applied in all situations

Question 54

_____________ is the Big Five personality dimension that is important in jobs such as management that require social interaction.

A)Emotional intelligence
B)Extraversion
C)Openness to experience
D)Agreeableness

Question 55

Understanding personality traits can help leaders because:

A)traits often predict who will be an effective leader
B)traits determine how people behave
C)some traits are consistently associated with leadership
D)traits are easier to learn than abilities or skills

Question 56

_______________ is the underlying construct in Type A.

A)The need for control
B)How well people read their environment
C)The need for power
D)How people make decisions

Question 57

Which one of the following is one of the defining characteristics of Type As?

A)Relaxed approach to time
B)Very cooperative
C)Focus on one task at a time
D)Hostility

Question 58

This personality type is defined by the individual's need to take control of events in their life.

A)Type A
B)Proactive
C)Emotional Intelligence
D)Extraversion

Question 59

Which one of the following is one of the characteristics of creative people?

A)task focus
B)leadership skills
C)tolerance for ambiguity
D)being able to give up quickly

Question 60

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of creative people?

A)perseverance in the face of obstacle
B)extremely high risk taking
C)openness to new ideas
D)ability to tolerate lack of structure

Question 61

In dealing with abusive bosses you should do all of the following except .

A)make sure your work is impeccable
B)get defensive
C)maintain a strong social network
D)plan an exit strategy

Question 62

Honesty is the best policy is an example of a personality trait.

Question 63

_____________ is one of the major challenges Type A managers are likely to face.

A)Worrying too much about time and deadlines
B)Inability to delegate tasks
C)Setting goals that are not challenging
D)Inability to plan

Question 64

Which of the following traits is not part of the Dark Triad?

A)Type A
B)Machiavellianism
C)Narcissism
D)Subclinical psychopathy

Question 65

When the situation provides strong cues as to how people are supposed to behave,their personality plays a lesser role.

Question 66

Traits alone do not define leaders.

Question 67

The high Machiavellian leader is likely to be _____________ but not necessarily ___________.

A)considerate;task focused
B)successful;effective
C)good planners;good implementers
D)task oriented;people oriented

Question 68

In understanding leadership,which statement regarding individual characteristics is True.

A)Any one trait alone cannot explain leadership success
B)Individual traits are generally dependent and come in groups.
C)Organizations have been successful at developing profiles for leadership selection.
D)Selection is more important than self-awareness.

Question 69

You are trying to select a leader to head a team that will be negotiating an international deal for your company.Which one of the following individual characteristics may be useful to you in making that decision?

A)Locus of control
B)Type A
C)Self-monitoring
D)Intelligence

Question 70

You cannot train leaders to develop abilities,but you can train them to develop skills.

Question 71

Values are principles that a person believes.

Question 72

High self-monitors may have an advantage in leadership because:

A)they are better planners
B)they set challenging goals
C)they are flexible
D)they handle power well

Question 73

Personality and other individual characteristics are the only factors that dictate how people behave.

Question 74

The individual characteristic of values has the most influence on leadership.

Question 75

__________ are cynical and manipulative,while ____________ are trusting and poor negotiators.

A)High self-monitors;low self-monitors
B)Type As;type Bs
C)Internally controlled;externally controlled
D)High Machiavellians;low Machiavellians

Question 76

Which of the following is one of the primary reasons leaders fail?

A)An authoritarian style
B)Intimidation and arrogance
C)Too much focus on people
D)Financial focus

Question 77

Which is not a characteristic of narcissism as described by the American Psychiatric Association?

A)preoccupation with power and success
B)ability to tolerate criticism
C)sense of entitlement
D)lack of empathy for others

Question 78

The primary reason boys are more competitive and aggressive than girls is that typical male genetic traits are reinforced by society.

Question 79

The impact of personality on individual behavior tends to be limited to personal aspects of life.

Question 80

Individual characteristics influence behavior most when the situation is clearly structured.