Deck 4: B: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

Regarding the use of cochlear implants,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) About 60 percent of all multi-channel implant patients can understand some spoken words and appreciate music.
B) Many implant patients describe the sound as "like a radio that isn't quite tuned in."
C) Cochlear implants vibrate the tympanic membrane and oval window.
D) Deaf children who receive a cochlear implant before age two learn spoken language at a near normal rate.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following can produce a permanent hearing loss?

A) brief exposure to sounds of at least 150 decibels
B) daily exposure to 60 decibels
C) prolonged exposure to high frequency sounds regardless of their intensity
D) all of these

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Artificial hearing can occur because the cochlear implants directly stimulate the

A) auditory nerve.
B) semicircular canals.
C) auditory ossicles.
D) tympanic membrane.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which decibel level marks the threshold of pain and poses an immediate danger to one's hearing?

A) 80
B) 100
C) 110
D) 130

Question 5

Devices that have recently been invented to correct hearing loss caused by damage to the hair cells are called

A) Hunter's notches.
B) stimulation implants.
C) conduction patches.
D) cochlear implants.

Question 6

Regarding hearing loss,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Conductive hearing loss can be overcome with a hearing aid, which makes sounds louder and clearer.
B) Noise-induced hearing loss is a type of conductive loss.
C) By the time one is 65 years old, more than 40 percent of auditory hair cells will be gone.
D) Daily exposure to 85 decibels or more may cause permanent hearing loss.

Question 7

Which of the following can improve hearing for those with a sensorineural loss by bypassing the hair cells and directly stimulating the auditory nerve?

A) cochlear implant
B) hearing aid
C) biofeedback technique
D) decibel enhancer

Question 8

Regarding hearing loss,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Sensorineural hearing loss can be overcome with a hearing aid, which makes sounds louder and clearer.
B) The hair cells are as thin as a cobweb and are very fragile.
C) By the time one is 65 years old, more than 40 percent of auditory hair cells will be gone.
D) Brief exposure to 150 decibels may cause permanent hearing loss.

Question 9

Regarding the decibel rating system for sounds,every 20 decibels has the effect of increasing the sound pressure by a factor of

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 20

Question 10

The latest cochlear implants make use of which theory of hearing to separate higher and lower tones?

A) frequency
B) place
C) conduction
D) stimulation

Question 11

The faintest sound most people can hear is __________ decibels.

A) 0 to 10
B) 20 to 30
C) 40 to 50
D) 60 to 70

Question 12

Normal conversation is usually __________ decibels.

A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 80

Question 13

The loss of hair cells is devastating because

A) it takes them a long time for them to regenerate.
B) a severe infection usually results.
C) once lost, they are never replaced.
D) it is the basis for every form of deafness.

Question 14

Short periods of exposure to 120 decibels

A) usually results in a permanent hearing loss.
B) may cause a temporary hearing loss.
C) may cause a conductive hearing loss.
D) will not result in a hearing loss since this is the level of normal conversation.

Question 15

A middle-aged psychology professor has been tipped off by one of his students that cell phones are going off in the classroom.The professor does not recall hearing a cell phone go off anytime in the last few days in class.What is the most likely explanation?

A) The student that tipped off the professor about the cell phones really made up this false story in order to play a joke on the professor.
B) The students in class have downloaded a high-pitched ring tone that the professor cannot hear because of a loss of hair cells.
C) The students in class have downloaded a low-pitched ring tone that the professor cannot hear because of a loss of hair cells.
D) The professor has a severe conductive hearing loss.

Question 16

College students are downloading very high-pitched ring tones for their cell phones because their middle-aged professors cannot hear these high pitches due to

A) accumulated damage to the auditory ossicles.
B) numerous punctures to their eardrums over time.
C) having numerous ear infections that created chronic fluid build-up in their middle ears.
D) noise-induced damage to the hair cells in the cochlea.

Question 17

Cochlear implants are most appropriate for treating

A) conductive hearing loss.
B) sensorineural hearing loss.
C) hearing loss causes by damage to the auditory ossicles.
D) anosmia.

Question 18

The decibel is the unit of measurement for

A) loudness.
B) frequency.
C) pitch.
D) complexity.

Question 19

Sound energy relating to the loudness of a sound is usually expressed in

A) cycles per second.
B) pitch.
C) decibels.
D) centimeters per linear foot.

Question 20

External hearing aids are of no use to an individual with

A) damage to the auditory ossicles.
B) a sensorineural hearing loss.
C) a conductive hearing loss.
D) damage to the tympanic membrane.

Question 21

Regarding olfaction,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) In humans, about 1000 types of smell receptors are believed to exist.
B) Humans can detect at least 10,000 different odors.
C) The loss of sensitivity to a specific type of odor is known as agnosia.
D) Specific shapes of molecules have been found to produce different odors, such as floral, camphoric, musky, minty, and etherish.

Question 22

Regarding olfaction,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The brain uses the patterns of messages it gets from the olfactory receptors to recognize specific scents.
B) Scents are, in part, identified by the location of the receptors in the nose that are activated by a particular odor.
C) The number of activated receptors tells the brain how strong an odor is.
D) In humans, there are five different types of olfactory receptors.

Question 23

The fact that roses have a distinctive and similar fragrance regardless of where they are found is explained by the fact that

A) they produce molecules of similar shape that match the olfactory receptors.
B) the airborne molecules activate the vestibulary receptors for the floral fragrances.
C) they produce similar numbers of gaseous molecules.
D) the floral smell of roses is one of the four primary scents.

Question 24

Which would represent the greatest loss to a professional wine taster or chef?

A) vestibular loss
B) injury to the pinna
C) olfactory loss
D) injury to the cochlea

Question 25

With olfaction,the receptors respond primarily to

A) airborne molecules.
B) electromagnetic sensors.
C) sound waves.
D) gravity.

Question 26

The lock-and-key system is used to explain

A) how we experience pain.
B) color vision.
C) olfaction.
D) the vestibulary sense.

Question 27

Which theory of olfaction states that odors are related to the shapes of chemical molecules?

A) trichromatic
B) lock and key
C) opponent process
D) gate control

Question 28

Which sense involves airborne molecules passing over five million nerve fibers with the receptor proteins on the surface of these fibers being stimulated by these molecules,causing signals to be sent to the brain?

A) hearing
B) touch
C) smell
D) taste

Question 29

The differing smell qualities are

A) only divided into four basic categories: floral, musky, minty, and ethereal.
B) the result of a gate-control system that filters the various scents.
C) the result of molecules activating different combinations of odor receptors.
D) dependent on the gustatory sense to produce the many different odors.

Question 30

Olfaction and gustation are considered

A) chemical senses.
B) vestibular senses.
C) unrelated to each other.
D) of little importance for humans.

Question 31

Regarding olfaction and gustation,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) A person could survive without either olfaction or gustation.
B) Olfaction and gustation are both considered chemical senses.
C) Olfaction is another name for the sense of taste.
D) Olfaction and gustation add pleasure to our lives.

Question 32

The idea that there are specific receptors for different odors is based on observations of people who suffer from

A) dysosmia.
B) somesthesia.
C) agnosia.
D) aphasia.

Question 33

Which of the following is important in identifying olfactory stimuli?

A) the location of the receptors in the nose
B) the vibration of the hair cells within the cochlea area
C) the movement of the cristas in the semicircular canals
D) the activation of the rods and cone cells

Question 34

Which theory of smell states that there exist different shaped holes on the odor receptors?

A) trichromatic
B) lock and key
C) opponent process
D) gate control

Question 35

Which of the following are the chemical senses?

A) vision and hearing
B) hearing and tactile
C) smell and taste
D) vestibular and vision

Question 36

The sense of taste is referred to as

A) olfaction.
B) gustation.
C) the vestibular sense.
D) the somesthetic sense.

Question 37

Olfaction is another name for the sense of

A) taste.
B) smell.
C) hearing.
D) vision.

Question 38

Regarding olfaction,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) There are roughly five million nerve fibers embedded in the lining of the upper nasal passages.
B) The theory of smell that holds that odors are related to the shapes of chemical molecules is known as the opponent-process theory.
C) Five people out of 100 experience some degree of dysosmia.
D) Blows to the head can tear the olfactory nerve and cause dysosmia or anosmia.

Question 39

Which aspect of the activated receptor tells the brain how strong an odor is?

A) shape
B) number
C) location
D) size

Question 40

The loss of sensitivity to a specific type of odor is called

A) olfactory deprivation.
B) agnosia.
C) aphasia.
D) dysosmia.

Question 41

Dysosmia can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT

A) exposure to ammonia.
B) a recessive sex-linked trait.
C) blows to the head.
D) infections and allergies.

Question 42

The order of sensitivity to the four basic taste sensations from LEAST to MOST sensitive is

A) bitter, salt, sweet, sour.
B) sweet, salt, sour, bitter.
C) salt, sour, sweet, bitter.
D) sour, bitter, salt, sweet.

Question 43

If you have a total loss of your olfactory sense,you have a condition called

A) anosmia.
B) anhedonia.
C) tinnitus.
D) agnosia.

Question 44

Due to her continuous exposure to ammonia as a hair stylist,Lexie has loss her ability to smell certain odors.Lexie has a condition known as

A) aphasia.
B) dysosmia.
C) agnosia.
D) umami.

Question 45

Flavors tend to seem more varied because gustation includes all of the following sensations EXCEPT for

A) audition.
B) olfaction.
C) pain.
D) texture.

Question 46

The proposed fifth basic taste is referred to by the Japanese as

A) etherish.
B) metalli.
C) umami.
D) origami.

Question 47

Glutamate,a substance found in the flavor enhancer MSG,seems to activate the receptors for which taste?

A) sweet
B) sour
C) umami
D) salt

Question 48

The "brothy" taste associated with certain amino acids in chicken soup,tuna,cheese,and soy beans is called

A) etherish.
B) metalli.
C) origami.
D) umami.

Question 49

The five basic tastes listed in the text are

A) sweet, salt, sour, bitter, and umami.
B) salt, metallic, acid, milky, and umami.
C) acid, salt, meaty, umami, and bitter.
D) bitter, metallic, waxy, umami, and milky.

Question 50

Taste buds are mainly located

A) near the back of the tongue near the center.
B) on the very tip of the tongue.
C) on the middle section of the tongue.
D) on the top side of the tongue especially around the edges.

Question 51

Although you can smell other scents,you have lost the ability to smell floral odors.This condition is called

A) anhedonia.
B) dysosmia.
C) tinnitus.
D) sensory adaptation.

Question 52

With regard to taste,we are most sensitive to

A) bitter.
B) salt.
C) sweet.
D) sour.

Question 53

If Katherine is like most people,she is least senstive to which taste?

A) bitter
B) salt
C) sweet
D) sour

Question 54

MSG's reputation as a "flavor enhancer" likely arises when the savory odors of,say,chicken soup,combine with the taste of which of the following substances that does not taste very pleasant by itself?

A) cumin.
B) glutamate.
C) tumeric.
D) cardamom.

Question 55

MSG's reputation as a "flavor enhancer" occurs because

A) the savory odors of the food are combined with the taste of glutamate.
B) the salty, sour, and sweet taste sensations are combined.
C) it enhances the textural and temperature equalities of the food.
D) the pain created on the tongue triggers an "endorphin high."

Question 56

With regard to our senses,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The flavor of food includes the quality of texture and temperature.
B) The flavor of food can involve pain.
C) We are most sensitive to sweet, and least sensitive to sour taste sensations.
D) Smell is important in determining the variety of flavors.

Question 57

The order of sensitivity to the four basic taste sensations may have

A) helped prevent malnutrition.
B) helped prevent poisonings.
C) led to cooked food.
D) been connected with one's pheromones.

Question 58

Dysosmia can be caused by

A) damage to the hair cells in the cochlea of the nose.
B) a genetic defect that is passed from mother to son.
C) blows to the head that may tear the olfactory nerve.
D) eating extremely sour or bitter foods.

Question 59

Food tends to lose its "taste" when one has a cold because

A) the taste buds are damaged by the cold virus.
B) the somesthetic sense is disrupted.
C) the olfactory sense is disrupted.
D) fever causes one to salivate too much.

Question 60

Which of the following can be caused by a blow to the head that tears the olfactory nerve?

A) dysosmia
B) aphasia
C) agnosia
D) umami

Question 61

Regarding the word somesthetic,soma means

A) skin.
B) body.
C) motion.
D) feel.

Question 62

Jake is asked to spell a word,but to correctly do so he must actually take a pencil and write the word.Jake also seems to learn best through "hands-on" activities,where he can actually "do" the activity.Jake's learning style appears to make greatest use of which sense?

A) kinesthetic
B) vestibular
C) olfaction
D) gustation

Question 63

The receptors in the inner ear for balance,gravity,and acceleration are part of which sense?

A) gustation
B) olfactory
C) kinesthetic
D) vestibular

Question 64

Regarding the sense of touch,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) If one lost the sense of touch below the neck, he or she would be unable to tell which position his or her body was in without seeing it.
B) Skin receptors produce at least five different sensations, including light touch, pressure, pain, cold, and warmth.
C) The skin has more nerve endings for temperature than for touch and pressure or for pain.
D) Receptors with particular shapes appear to specialize in various sensations.

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT a skin sensation?

A) light touch
B) pressure
C) pain
D) balance

Question 66

Skin sensations include

A) light touch, pressure, wetness, cold, and warmth.
B) light touch, pressure, cold, warmth, and pain.
C) wetness, pressure, pain, cold, and warmth.
D) light touch, wetness, pain, cold, and warmth.

Question 67

Which of the following is considered one of the skin senses?

A) vestibular
B) pressure
C) balance
D) gravity

Question 68

Skin senses,kinesthetic senses,and vestibular senses comprise which sense system?

A) perceptual feedback
B) somesthetic
C) gustation
D) olfactory

Question 69

The vestibular sense helps keep us from

A) eating too much.
B) starving to death.
C) being blinded by the sun.
D) falling over.

Question 70

Saltiness and sourness appear to be

A) based on a lock-and-key match between molecules and the receptors.
B) triggered by a direct flow of charged atoms into the tips of the taste cells.
C) triggered by the otolith organs in the taste buds.
D) based on the place theory of olfaction.

Question 71

Regarding the taste buds,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The tongue is covered with small protrusions called papillae.
B) There are no taste buds found under the tongue.
C) Stimulation of the central part of the tongue causes no taste sensations.
D) All four primary taste sensations occur anywhere that taste buds exist.

Question 72

When Patricia instructs her students on the various body positions and smooth movements involved in yoga,her students will be activating receptors in their muscles and joints that are part of which sense?

A) kinesthetic
B) vestibular
C) olfaction
D) gustation

Question 73

Regarding the word somesthetic,esthetic means

A) skin.
B) balance.
C) motion.
D) feel.

Question 74

Sweet and bitter tastes appear to be

A) based on a lock-and-key match between molecules and the receptors.
B) triggered by a direct flow of charged atoms into the tips of the taste cells.
C) triggered by the otolith organs in the taste buds.
D) based on the place theory of olfaction.

Question 75

The somesthetic senses include

A) gustation, olfaction, and the vestibular sense.
B) olfaction, the vestibular sense, and the kinesthetic sense.
C) touch, the vestibular sense, and the kinesthetic sense.
D) the vestibular sense, the kinesthetic sense, and audition.

Question 76

The lock-and-key match between intricately-shaped molecules and taste receptors explains which two tastes?

A) sweet and bitter
B) salt and bitter
C) sour and sweet
D) salt and sour

Question 77

Regarding gustation,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Most taste buds are found around the top edges of the tongue with some located elsewhere in the mouth, including under the tongue.
B) As food is chewed, it dissolves and enters the taste buds, where it sets off nerve impulses to the brain.
C) The lock and key theory explains the taste sensations of saltiness and sourness.
D) If you plug your nose, small bits of apple, potato, and onion will "taste" almost exactly alike.

Question 78

Sense organs in the joints and muscles contribute to which sense?

A) skin
B) kinesthetic
C) pressure
D) temperature

Question 79

Kinesthetic sensation results from

A) receptors in the inner ear that signal balance.
B) receptors in the skin.
C) mechanical distortion of the semi-circular canals.
D) receptors in the muscles and joints that detect movement.

Question 80

The direct flow of charged atoms into the tips of the taste buds explains which two tastes?

A) sweet and bitter
B) salt and bitter
C) sour and sweet
D) salt and sour