Deck 4: D: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

Individuals who have Charles Bonnet syndrome are mentally disturbed and lack the ability to engage in reality testing.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

With regard to gustation,we are most sensitive to sweet tastes and least sensitive to bitter ones.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The three small bones of the middle ear are called the auditory ossicles.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to the place theory of hearing,low tones cause the greatest movement near the outer tip of the cochlea.

Question 5

The fact that we see afterimages is supported by the opponent-process theory of color vision.

Question 6

Pain messages are carried by small nerve fibers in the warning system and by large nerve fibers in the reminding system.

Question 7

When listening to your favorite television program,hearing the various sounds of the actors' voices and the background sounds and music would be an example of perception,while interpreting the meaning of the actors' words is an example of the process of sensation.

Question 8

A long-time rock musician who has been exposed to very loud sounds most likely suffers from a conductive hearing loss.

Question 9

The shortest wavelengths of visible light are sensed as red,while the longest wavelengths of light are sensed as purple.

Question 10

If you do not hear the traffic outside your psychology class because you are engrossed in the lecture,then you are exhibiting selective attention.

Question 11

You perfectly time the movement of your visible hand "knocking" on your head,while your hidden hand knocks on the table.The perception of the "knocking" sound coming from your head illustrates the Gestalt principle of contiguity.

Question 12

When people lose an arm,they may at first have a phantom arm and hand,while many years later,the phantom may shrink,until only a hand is felt at the shoulder.

Question 13

Pinching your leg while you receive an injection will lessen the pain of the injection due to counterirritation.

Question 14

Bottom-up processing is like putting together a picture puzzle you have seen many times.

Question 15

Terry suffered a blow to the head that tore his olfactory nerve,which caused Terry to develop a condition known as dysosmia.

Question 16

Marian is 44 years old and is getting glasses for the first time because she cannot read the small print in the telephone book like she could when she was younger.Marian has been diagnosed with presbyopia.

Question 17

Although you smelled the distinct odors of a pot of cabbage cooking on the stove when you first entered the kitchen,you now no longer smell these odors after being in the kitchen for thirty minutes due to the process of sensory gating.

Question 18

The visual receptors for color and bright light are the rods,while the cones are the visual receptors for dim light and produce only black and white sensations.

Question 19

The Necker's cube and the Rorschach inkblots are both good examples of impossible figures.

Question 20

Good advice to help a person to minimize motion sickness would be to move one's head as little as possible and fixate on a distant immobile object.

Question 21

The most common test for color blindness or color weakness is the __________ test.

Question 22

With regard to eyewitness testimony,a victim's testimony is usually more accurate than individuals who just observed the event occurring.

Question 23

When our attention is narrowly focused,we may experience inattentional blindness.

Question 24

A popular theory of olfaction which states that odors are related to the shapes of chemical molecules is the __________ theory.

Question 25

The "brothy" taste associated with certain amino acids in chicken soup,tuna,cheese,and soybeans is called __________.

Question 26

Because our senses select,analyze,and filter information until only the most important information remains,our senses are referred to as __________ systems.

Question 27

After close to 130 years of investigations,it is still impossible to say conclusively whether psi events occur.

Question 28

The stapes is attached to a membrane on the cochlea called the __________.

Question 29

The pitch or tone of a sound is due to the number of waves per second,which is called the __________ of the sound waves.

Question 30

Hearing aids that make sounds louder and clearer can help overcome the type of hearing loss known as a(n)__________ hearing loss.

Question 31

A person will be able to recognize people of other races better if the person is in a positive mood rather than a negative mood.

Question 32

The psychological dimension corresponding to the amplitude of light waves is called __________.

Question 33

The "hole" in the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye forms an area known as the __________.

Question 34

The purported ability to perceive events or gain information in ways that appear unaffected by distance or normal physical barriers is called psychokinesis.

Question 35

Convergence and retinal disparity are similar in that both are monocular cues.

Question 36

Interposition occurs when smog,fog,dust,or haze make distant objects appear hazy,washed out in color,and lacking in detail.

Question 37

The science of measuring changes in physical stimuli and relating them to changes in psychological sensations is called __________.

Question 38

Due to a lack of depth cues when the moon is overhead,the moon looks larger when it is overhead than when it is on the horizon.

Question 39

According to Maslow,people who perceive their world more accurately than others tend to be characterized by immersion in the present and a lack of self-consciousness.

Question 40

European Americans have a relatively narrow focus of attention,while East Asians have a broader focus of attention.

Question 41

Gina finds a plain brown box in which there are many puzzle pieces.She begins putting these pieces together without knowing what this puzzle will "become." She is using __________ processing.

Question 42

The famous illusion in which a horizontal line with arrowheads appears shorter than the line with V's (although the lines are actually identical in length)is known as the __________ illusion.

Question 43

The somesthetic sense that results from the receptors in the muscles and joints responding to movement is the __________ sense.

Question 44

The tendency to fill in gaps in the perception of a figure is the Gestalt organizing principle of ___________.

Question 45

Taking a fresh look and paying attention to sensations we have previously ignored is known as __________.

Question 46

Your skin receptors detect five different sensations,which are cold,warmth,pressure,light touch,and __________.

Question 47

Using a cell phone while driving may result in your failure to perceive a car pulling out of a driveway that is in plain view but not the focus of your attention,a situation referred to as
__________.

Question 48

Many of J.B.Rhine's ESP experiments made use of a deck of 25 cards,each bearing one of five symbols.These cards are known as __________ cards.

Question 49

Changes in the brain that alter how we process sensory information so that we can focus on just one part of a group of stimuli rather than processing all of the stimuli is called __________.

Question 50

An initial guess regarding how to organize and perceive a stimulus pattern is known as a(n)__________.

Question 51

The purported ability to predict future events is called __________.

Question 52

The theory that explains motion sickness as a mismatch in information received by the eyes and the body is called the __________ theory.

Question 53

If you stand in the middle of a cobblestone street,the street will look coarse near your feet and finer if you look into the distance.This is the pictorial depth cue known as __________.

Question 54

Critics of modern ESP research argue that subjects who temporarily show ESP have received credit for a(n)__________.

Question 55

Much of the apparent depth of a good movie comes from the relative motion captured by the camera,a feature also known as ___________.

Question 56

Eyewitnesses sometimes identify as a culprit someone they have seen in another situation or context,which is referred to as __________.

Question 57

The "seat of your pants phenomenon" and the "cocktail party effect" are excellent examples of the process of ___________.

Question 58

When the two different images,one from each eye,are fused into one overall image,three-dimensional sight occurs,which is referred to as __________ vision.

Question 59

Like most experiences,seeing a "sunrise" is a mental model of an event,that is actively created by your brain and is referred to as a(n)__________.

Question 60

When one can alternately see both a wine glass and then two faces within the same image,this illustrates the reversibility of __________ images.

Question 61

Identify and describe the first perceptual ability to appear after cataract patients regain their sight; and then explain four of the six Gestalt organizing principles of perception and give examples of each.

Question 62

Describe the "seat-of-the-pants phenomenon," "the cocktail party effect," and inattentional blindness,and explain how they are all related to the "bottleneck" of selective attention.

Question 63

According to psychologist Richard Nisbett and his colleagues,people from different cultures do perceive the world differently.Describe the different ways in which European Americans and Asians perceive the world differently and include the results of research studies conducted on this subject.

Question 64

Differentiate between the warning and reminding systems regarding pain messages; describe Melzack and Wall's gate control theory; and explain how it is related to the pain control methods of acupuncture and counterirritation.

Question 65

Name the four basic taste sensations,describe the new fifth taste,tell how sensitive humans are to each taste and how this difference in sensitivity may have prevented poisonings,and explain why there are so many different flavors if only four (or five)tastes exist.

Question 66

Compare and contrast the trichromatic theory of color and the opponent-process theory of color vision,the evidence supporting each,and why both theories are needed in order to explain color vision.

Question 67

Discuss how the field of parapsychology has been affected by fraud,poorly designed experiments,inconsistency in results,and chance occurrences,or coincidence; and explain what it would take to scientifically demonstrate the existence of ESP?

Question 68

You are a juror in a robbery case.You are listening to the testimony of two eyewitnesses,one was robbed at gun-point on the street at night and one who observed the robbery from a distance.Describe the factors that could affect the accuracy of these eyewitness perceptions.

Question 69

Your child drew a picture of his school playground on a large sheet of white paper.At the top of this page,he or she drew the school building,while the playground equipment,including seesaws and swings,were drawn toward the bottom of the picture.There is a tree near the entrance to the school.The trunk of this tree is blocking a portion of the windows by the main doorway to the school.There is a road beginning at the bottom of the page whose parallel lines grow closer together as the road passes the school.The children that your child drew near the bottom of the page appear larger than the children playing nearer the school.These "larger" children also are drawn with more detail,while the faces of the children playing closer to the school are blurry.Describe the pictorial cues that this "artist" used to achieve depth.

Question 70

Explain how sound travels from the pinna to the auditory nerve and to the brain,naming each part of the ear and its function along the way.