Deck 4: States and Identity

Question 1

If you believe that identity groups are defined unambiguously by such clear criteria as kinship, culture, language, or phenotype, you probably belong to which of the following schools of thought

A)primordialism
B)instrumentalism
C)constructivism
D)nationalism

Answer 1

A

Question 2

For a group to be a "nation" it must

A)fight against other groups within a state
B)have an engaging leadership
C)seek self-rule
D)seek autonomy within a state

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The main goal of liberal feminists is

A)altering who is considered a citizen
B)changing the political system
C)gaining equal rights with men
D)demanding economic justice for women

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The main distinction between a nation and an ethnic group is

A)A nation either has or seeks control of a state.
B)An ethnic group is connected by blood ties, whereas a nation is not.
C)Nations are more culturally distinct.
D)Ethnic groups are less important to politics.

Question 5

Civic nationalists see group rights as

A)essential to democracy
B)dangerous and divisive
C)naturally occurring
D)a temporary stage on the path to individual rights

Question 6

Which of the following electoral systems usually produces higher numbers of women representatives?

A)first-past-the-post
B)proportional representation
C)single-member districts
D)single nontransferable vote

Question 7

Ethnic groups

A)often seek legal segregation
B)often become violent
C)often seek independence
D)often seek autonomy

Question 8

Usually, "primordialists"

A)see identity groups as being in some sense "natural" or God given
B)believe that group identity changes fairly easily
C)manipulate symbols and feelings of identity to mobilize following
D)rely on the activity of elites to create a following

Question 9

Religious groups often have political goals similar to those of

A)nationalist groups
B)ethnic groups
C)national elites
D)political parties

Question 10

Civic nationalism is closely associated with ______.

A)electoral democracy
B)social democracy
C)participatory democracy
D)liberal democracy

Question 11

The ability and right of a group to partially govern itself within a larger state is best defined as

A)jus sanguinis
B)nationalism
C)legal segregation
D)autonomy

Question 12

What was the policy toward religion adopted by the long-ruling PRI party in twentieth-century Mexico?

A)indifference to religion
B)open embrace of religion
C)general opposition to the presence of religion in the public sphere
D)overt efforts to convert nonbelievers

Question 13

A ______ is important to group definition as a race but not essential to a group defining itself as an ethnic group.

A)common history
B)common physical appearance
C)unique language
D)common cultural foundation

Question 14

The "Neutral State Model" refers to

A)a model of secularism wherein the state is neutral about, but not opposed to, religion
B)a model of secularism advocating that religion should play no part in the public realm
C)a model of secularism wherein the state is neutral among but willing to support religions that it recognizes as important elements in civil society
D)a model of secularism that advocates the ability and right of a group to partially govern itself within a larger state

Question 15

Citizenship based on birth within a national territory is called

A)jus sanguinis
B)birth right
C)universal
D)jus soli

Question 16

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)Cultural and civic nationalism are usually based on jus sanguinis.
B)Cultural nationalism is usually based on jus soli; civic nationalism is usually based on jus sanguinis.
C)Cultural nationalism is usually based on jus sanguinis; civic nationalism is usually based on jus soli.
D)Cultural and civil nationalism are usually based on jus soli.

Question 17

A sense of national unity and purpose based on a set of commonly held political beliefs is known as

A)cultural nationalism
B)civic nationalism
C)chauvinism
D)political identism

Question 18

Most nationalist leaders make

A)primordialist claims
B)instrumentalist claims
C)constructivist claims
D)all of these

Question 19

Laïcité refers to

A)a model of secularism wherein the state is neutral about, but not opposed to, religion
B)a model of secularism advocating that religion should play no part in the public realm
C)a model of secularism wherein the state is neutral among but willing to support religions that it recognizes as important elements in civil society
D)a model of secularism advocating ability and right of a group to partially govern itself within a larger state

Question 20

The recognition of the existence of specific groups and granting some share of power in the central government to each is known as

A)primordialism
B)nationalism
C)consociationalism
D)instrumentalism

Question 21

Attaining equal rights to men has been a primary emphasis for

A)postcolonial feminists
B)liberal feminists
C)radical feminists
D)feminists in the Global South

Question 22

The primary models of secularism arose first in

A)the Middle East
B)East and Southeast Asia
C)Europe and North America
D)Africa

Question 23

Jus sanguinis defines citizenship according to

A)residence within the national territory
B)blood ties
C)place of birth
D)knowledge of the national language and culture

Question 24

______ was the first country in the world to include sexual orientation in its constitution as a category protected from discrimination.

A)Canada
B)South Africa
C)the Netherlands
D)Brazil

Question 25

The first goal of gay rights groups is

A)autonomy
B)improved social status
C)representation
D)recognition

Question 26

Which of the following best describes India's secular approach?

A)laïcité
B)neutral state model
C)state church
D)positive accommodation

Question 27

What is the single most important aspect of the debate over how a democracy should respond to identity groups?

A)individual versus group rights
B)states versus federal rights
C)the rights to corporate entities
D)minority versus majority rights

Question 28

Muslim movements in India are primarily a response to

A)the growth of Hindu nationalism
B)the rise of Islamic states within India
C)denial of citizenship rights to Muslims
D)the legacy of British colonialism

Question 29

An issue's political impact and importance are commonly referred to as its

A)mobilization power
B)currency
C)social construction
D)political saliency

Question 30

Secularism in the United States historically has taken the form of

A)state neutrality toward religion
B)keeping religion out of the public sphere
C)actively supporting religious groups within civil society
D)an official state religion

Question 31

Nationalist leaders tend to believe in

A)primordialism
B)constructivism
C)instrumentalism
D)ethnic

Question 32

Identify the argument that reflects the view of the classic liberal position in the group vs.individual rights debate.

A)Nationalism is important to the development of modern states.
B)Only individuals can have rights.
C)Groups should not have special rights because they can pursue goals contrary to the state.
D)Discussion should not be about particular interests, but about the collective good.

Question 33

Primordialism rejects the idea that

A)conflicts among groups are understandable
B)conflicts among groups are inevitable
C)culture is constructed
D)cultural beliefs are the basis of more or less immutable group identities

Question 34

Explicit power-sharing between specific ethnic groups that provides each with some amount of power in the central government is called

A)consociationalism
B)managed democracy
C)federalism
D)centrepitalism

Question 35

Under President Ahmadinejad in Iran

A)gender segregation increased
B)women's publications were encouraged
C)the women's movement was extinguished
D)women entered the clergy

Question 36

The feminist movement has advanced more in ______ countries.

A)wealthy
B)poor
C)Christian
D)agrarian

Question 37

Samuel Huntington argued that the world could be divided into eight major "civilizations" based largely on ______.

A)religion
B)ideology
C)politics
D)race

Question 38

Identity based groups seek improved social status in order to gain ______.

A)equal citizenship
B)autonomy
C)legitimacy
D)a sense of self

Question 39

The idea of secularism held by most leaders in the Indian nationalist movement at the time of independence was that the state should be a

A)neutral arbiter among religions
B)protector of religious minorities
C)modernizer reducing the influence of all religions
D)protector of the Hindu majority

Question 40

The gender gap in both Western and postcolonial societies is narrowest in

A)labor force participation
B)educational attainment
C)professional status
D)pay for work

Question 41

Nationalist groups seek self-rule and control of the state, not merely autonomy within an existing state.

Question 42

A race is a group of people who see themselves as a group based on one or more perceived common physical characteristics and common history.

Question 43

Multicultural integration and assimilation differ in the fact that

A)Multicultural integration involves the elimination of distinct cultures.
B)Assimilation allows for the creation of a unique subculture within a larger culture.
C)Multicultural integration preserves the cultural differences among groups.
D)Assimilation allows individuals of different backgrounds to feel at home in their own institutions.

Question 44

A specific language used by the government, state support of cultural events, and inclusion into the national history curriculum are examples of proof that a government has officially recognized an identity group.

Question 45

A sense of national unity and purpose based on a set of commonly held political beliefs is called cultural nationalism.

Question 46

Primordialism claims that identity groups can be defined by facial features, skin colors, kinship, or culture.

Question 47

Constructivism puts emphasis on the rigidity of political identity and shifting interpretation of symbols and stories.

Question 48

Religious and ethnic groups both usually want recognition and autonomy.

Question 49

Italians, Jews, and Irish immigrants were not initially seen as white in the United States.

Question 50

What is the basic difference between the concepts of race and ethnicity?

Question 51

Explain How and why do identity groups form and become politically salient?.

Question 52

Explain the difference between jus soli and jus sanguinis,

Question 53

Explain the main difference between a "national" group and any other kind of identity group described in the textbook.

Question 54

Explain arguments for group rights and recognition.

Question 55

A consociational system recognizes the existence of specific ethnic groups and grants each some share of power in the central government.

Question 56

Cultural nationalism is based on common cultural characteristics.

Question 57

Describe how Germany's citizenship policy affects its identity politics.

Question 58

Ethnic groups are groups of people who see themselves as united by one or more cultural attributes or a sense of common history but do not seek their own state.

Question 59

Ethnic and class groups often have similar political objectives.They usually seek autonomy and recognition within an existing state.

Question 60

Explain the basis of constructivism in terms of Anderson's "imagined communities."

Question 61

Using Ernest Renan's concept of a nation, explain why the following sentence is false: "The United States is not a nation."

Question 62

Explain the differences between the assimilationist and the liberationist approach to sexual orientation.

Question 63

Summarize the three variants of secularism.

Question 64

Why might a relatively wealthy identity group come into conflict with the central government?

Question 65

Distinguish the difference between the terms "ethnic group" and "race."

Question 66

Explain the objectives and outcomes of the goals of the feminist and LBGT movements.

Question 67

Explain how institutions can influence the progression of women and LGBTQ rights.

Question 68

Describe an identity conflict in the textbook; what are the arguments that each of the groups in the conflict make, and what broader themes do they illustrate?

Question 69

Compare and contrast the ideas of "cultural nationalism" and "civic nationalism." Illustrate your answers with concrete examples.

Question 70

Why have the different institutional solutions tried by Nigerian military and civilian governments (e.g., rules on political parties, different numbers and divisions of states, etc.) struggled to create lasting political stability?

Question 71

Summarize how religion functions as a group identity compared to ethnic groups.

Question 72

Identify the three approaches to secularism.

Question 73

How does globalization influence group demands for recognition and inclusion?

Question 74

Why are the headscarves worn by Muslims so controversial in France and Turkey? What are some of the issues that have been raised by the controversy?

Question 75

Is it fair to state that the women's movement was one of the most dramatic social and political revolution of the last generation? Why, or why not?