Deck 4: Birth and Physical Development During the First Three Years

Question 1

During her labor,Diana's doctor has requested that she be connected to an electronic fetal monitor,which will

A)measure the fetal heartbeat during labor and delivery.
B)measure fetal brain activity during birth.
C)reduce Diane's likelihood of cesarean delivery.
D)cost very little.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Prepared childbirth teaches breathing and muscle responses in order to

A)speed the birth.
B)minimize fear and pain.
C)bring about a hypnotic state.
D)slow the contractions.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Katrina is in labor.She is being attended by an experienced helper who offers emotional support.This person is a

A)medicator.
B)mediator.
C)doula.
D)doctor.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Approximately two weeks before Elizabeth's due date,her obstetrician told her that the uterine and cervical changes that bring on labor had begun.This process is referred to as

A)quickening.
B)parturition.
C)labor.
D)contractions.

Question 5

Cesarean birth rates in the United States are among the __________ in the world.

A)lowest
B)highest
C)average
D)rarest

Question 6

The dramatic reduction in risks surrounding pregnancy and childbirth has resulted from

A)antibiotics.
B)anesthesia.
C)prenatal care.
D)All of these

Question 7

Tanya's doctor has prepared her for the possibility that her baby has a large head and may have to be delivered by surgical delivery through an incision in Tanya's abdomen.This method of birth is called a

A)medicated birth.
B)prepared birth.
C)cesarean section.
D)Lamaze method.

Question 8

Hanna is having her first child.She has done the reading on childbirth and knows that she will have completed the first stage of labor when her doctor tells her that

A)the baby's head has moved through the cervix into the vaginal canal.
B)dilation of the cervix has begun.
C)the baby has left the mother's body.
D)effacement has begun.

Question 9

Natural or prepared childbirth can minimize the need for

A)a doula.
B)painkilling drugs.
C)electronic fetal monitoring.
D)cesarean births.

Question 10

Research shows that home births with a plan for hospitalization for emergencies can be

A)dangerous and should not be considered.
B)as safe as a hospital birth.
C)the best approach with all births to save money and tax dollars.
D)very risky and is not recommended by any professional organization.

Question 11

Having labor and delivery take place with the husband or partner present as a coach is an example of how hospitals are finding ways to ______ childbirth.

A)economize
B)stabilize
C)humanize
D)regulate

Question 12

Although there have been increases in the number of home births,today most people are born

A)at home.
B)in hospitals.
C)in birthing centers.
D)in clinics.

Question 13

The placenta is expelled from the mother's body during the __________ stage of childbirth.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 14

Education and training in physical fitness,breathing,and relaxation in labor for women planning vaginal birth is called ______ childbirth.

A) non-traditional
B)prepared
C)cesarean
D)traditional

Question 15

Which childbirth technique substitutes voluntary or learned physical responses for the fear and pain?

A)Traditional
B)Prepared
C)Cesarean
D)Vaginal

Question 16

The end of the second stage of childbirth is indicated by

A)the initial dilation of the cervix.
B)the emergence of the baby from the mother's body.
C)the expulsion of the placenta.
D)contractions that occur every 8 to 10 minutes.

Question 17

Dilation of the cervix occurs during which stage of childbirth?

A)First
B)Second
C)Third
D)Fourth

Question 18

The first stage of childbirth

A)usually lasts one to two hours.
B)consists of dilation or widening of the cervix.
C)includes contractions that are continuous.
D)is the shortest of the stages of birth.

Question 19

A method of medicated delivery that allows a women to feel sensations and move her legs so she is able to participate in childbirth is the

A)narcotic injection.
B)anesthesia block.
C)general anesthesia.
D)"walking epidural."

Question 20

The method of childbirth experienced by the vast majority of mothers is a __________ delivery.

A)vaginal
B)medicated
C)cesarean
D)prepared

Question 21

The various states of arousal and activity that an infant demonstrates are regulated by

A)hormonal changes.
B)neurological "firing."
C)an internal "clock."
D)the way their parents treat them.

Question 22

Places in the neonate's skull where the bones are not completely fused are called the

A)fontanels.
B)vernix.
C)apex.
D)hyaline commissure.

Question 23

An assessment of the newborn's appearance,pulse,reflex,activity,and breathing is called the

A)Brazelton Neonatal Assessment.
B)Apgar scale.
C)Phenylketonuria or PKU screening.
D)Appleton's Neotatal Assessment of pulse and breathing.

Question 24

An infant who has not begun breathing within five minutes after birth may suffer brain damage due to

A)hypothermia.
B)anoxia.
C)hyperphagia.
D)anorexia.

Question 25

Most babies start to sleep through the night at about what age?

A)3 weeks
B)6 weeks
C)3 months
D)6 months

Question 26

Which of the following is likely to be heaviest at birth?

A)Firstborn girl
B)Firstborn boy
C)Second-born girl
D)Second-born boy

Question 27

The oily covering on the skin of a newborn is called

A)witch's milk.
B)lanugo.
C)vernix caseosa.
D)fontanels.

Question 28

The stringy,greenish-black waste from a newborn is

A)physiologic jaundice.
B)meconium.
C)lanugo.
D)vernix caseosa.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about the first few days of life is NOT true?

A)Newborns tend to have dark complexions.
B)Babies lose as much as 10 percent of their body weight.
C)The baby's nose is likely to look flattened.
D)The baby's head may be misshapened

Question 30

When Bill first sees his newborn daughter,he is surprised to find her body covered with dark hair.This fuzzy coat is called

A)vermis.
B)follicle caseosa.
C)meconium.
D)lanugo.

Question 31

The average newborn weighs __________ pounds.

A)5
B)7½
C)8½
D)10

Question 32

At what age do most infants get half or more of their sleep at night,much to the relief of their parents?

A)3 months
B)6 months
C)9 months
D)12 months

Question 33

Multicultural studies report that the best way to develop babies' sleep rhythms seems to be

A)to allow babies to fall asleep whenever they feel tired.
B)to allow babies to fall asleep in no specific place.
C)to encourage babies to sleep in their parents' bed.
D)All of these

Question 34

For how many hours a day does the average newborn sleep?

A)12
B)14
C)16
D)18

Question 35

Why are there fontanels in a neonate's skull?

A)To allow for rapid postnatal brain expansion
B)To prevent calcium deposits from damaging cartilage
C)To ease the passage of the skull through the birth canal
D)To allow for growth during the first six months

Question 36

The neonatal period is the first __________ of life.

A)four weeks
B)eight weeks
C)six months
D)year

Question 37

A few days after birth,a baby develops a yellowish tinge to the skin and eyeballs.These symptoms indicate _________,which is due to immaturity of the _______.

A)anoxia;liver
B)anoxia;kidneys
C)neonatal jaundice;liver
D)neonatal jaundice;kidneys

Question 38

Since the infant's lungs have only one-tenth as many air sacs as the lungs of adults,newborns are susceptible to __________ problems.

A)circulatory
B)respiratory
C)neurological
D)gastrointestinal

Question 39

Newborns regulate their body temperature soon after birth by

A)increasing their activity in response to drops in air temperature.
B)reducing their activity when they get cold,to conserve energy.
C)being born in warm delivery rooms.
D)maintaining a low percentage of body fat,which interferes with regulation.

Question 40

Which baby would have the highest Apgar score?

A)Bobby who has blue fingers and lips and struggles to breathe
B)Billy who is pink,crying,kicking,and wiggling
C)Betty who is blue,being very still,and not crying or moving
C)Beverly who is pink but not crying and not moving

Question 41

PKU (phenylketonuria)is

A)a form of neonatal jaundice.
B)so rare that screening for it is not worthwhile.
C)screened for routinely in most states.
D)found in about 1 in 100 newborns,which makes routine screening appropriate.

Question 42

Austin has just been evaluated for his response to stress,ability to calm down,reflexes,hand-mouth coordination,alertness,and response to cuddling.Which test has he been given?

A)Apgar scale
B)Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
C)Denver Developmental Screening Test
D)PKU screening

Question 43

Which technique mentioned in your text may be successful in stemming the tide of deaths of babies born prematurely in the United States?

A)Nutritional interventions
B)Bed rest and hydration for women in early labor
C)Early antibiotic treatment for urinary infections
D)Enhanced prenatal care

Question 44

Jonathan is born 38 weeks after conception and weighs 4 1/2 pounds.He is

A)premature.
B)preterm.
C)postterm.
D)small-for-date.

Question 45

An injury sustained at the time of birth is called

A)lanugo.
B)vermix caseosa.
C)birth labor.
D)birth trauma.

Question 46

The single greatest factor for low-birth-weight babies that could be prevented is

A)early pregnancy.
B)late pregnancy.
C)smoking tobacco.
D)dieting.

Question 47

At birth,Mona had an Apgar score of 1;after five minutes of resuscitation,her score was 4.Her parents were probably told that she

A)was likely to have cerebral palsy.
B)had suffered some neurological damage.
C)still needed help to establish breathing.
D)was out of danger and breathing normally.

Question 48

A healthy newborn can receive a maximum score of __________ on the Apgar scale.

A)10
B)8
C)6
D)4

Question 49

The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale examines

A)oxygen content of the blood.
B)color,pulse,and breathing.
C)alertness,reflexes,and control.
D)neurological maturity.

Question 50

All of the following appear to increase the likelihood that a woman will deliver an underweight baby EXCEPT

A)demographic and social conditions.
B)multiple miscarriages.
C)poor nutrition.
D)genetic factors.

Question 51

Rosa and Ricardo were advised that if Rosa would eat well,abstain from smoking,not use drugs,and get prenatal care,she would _________ her chances of having a low-birth-weight baby.

A)not affect
B)increase
C)decrease
D)completely eliminate

Question 52

According to the text,which of the following factors will NOT increase the likelihood that a mother will have an underweight baby?

A)Being under 17 or over 40 years of age
B)Having had previous low-birth-weight infants
C)Having had one or two babies during the previous five years
D)Inadequate prenatal care

Question 53

Which of the following babies would have the highest Apgar score?

A)Eileen is listless and blue,with limp muscle tone.
B)Marlene is pink with blue extremities,slow pulse,and slow breathing.
C)Carmela is pink,with rapid pulse;she is coughing and crying.
D)Joanne is blue,with slow pulse and irregular breathing.

Question 54

The condition of a baby whose Apgar score is 3 is

A)very healthy.
B)within normal range.
C)slightly below normal.
D)dangerous;the baby needs immediate resuscitation.

Question 55

Felicia is born after a seven-month gestation period.She is called a __________ infant.

A)postterm
B)preterm
C)PKU
D)pre-functional

Question 56

The risk factors for having a low-birth-weight baby for African-American women may be related to

A)greater stress.
B)racism
C)SES
D)All of the above

Question 57

If an infant inherits the gene for PKU and it is left untreated,the result will be

A)neonatal jaundice.
B)hormonal imbalance.
C)neurological damage.
D)mental retardation.

Question 58

Gabriel has received a very low score on the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Test.His parents were told by the pediatrician that he

A)will need immediate life-saving intervention.
B)has likely suffered brain damage.
C)shows evidence of learning disabilities.
D)will have some motor skill impairment.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about postmature babies is FALSE?

A)They tend to have more fat due to a longer period in the womb.
B)They are at higher risk for brain damage.
C)The placenta provides a reduced blood supply during the later stages of gestation.
D)They tend to be longer than babies who are delivered on time.

Question 60

Alex is now in her 43rd week of pregnancy.Her unborn baby is considered to be

A)postmature.
B)preterm.
C)postfetal.
D)postdifferentiated.

Question 61

In the Infant Health and Development Program study,infants whose cognitive performance remained high had mothers who

A)were married before and during the pregnancy.
B)had high cognitive scores on cognitive tests themselves.
C)responded to their babies needs.
D)provided a stimulating environment for their infant.

Question 62

Low-birth-weight newborns are usually placed into a warmed crib because

A)warmth will reduce jaundice.
B)they have insufficient fat deposits to keep themselves warm.
C)warmth activates the sucking reflex.
D)warmth reduces the activity of the immune system.

Question 63

The infant mortality rate (the number of babies that die during the first year of their life)is

A)only high in low-income mothers.
B)lower in the United States than in most other industrialized countries.
C)higher in the United States than ever before.
D)attributable largely to birth defects and SIDS.

Question 64

Frequent visits to the hospital nursery by parents of a low-birth-weight baby

A)are discouraged because of germs.
B)increase the parents' anxiety.
C)cause parents to become too attached to the baby.
D)may speed the baby's discharge.

Question 65

A possible cause of SIDS involves infants sleeping

A)on their backs.
B)on their sides.
C)on their tummies.
D)throughout the night.

Question 66

An antiseptic,temperature-controlled crib for low-birth-weight babies is called an

A)external heat unit.
B)internal heat unit.
C)isolette.
D)innolette.

Question 67

The loss of a fetus is identified as a "stillborn death" after how many weeks of gestation?

A)20 to 21
B)23 to 24
C)26 to 27
D)28 to 29

Question 68

Kumar learns first to hold up his head,then to raise his shoulders,and then to push with his feet.This demonstrates which principle of development?

A)Proximodistal
B)Simple-to-complex
C)Maturational
D)Cephalocaudal

Question 69

The leading cause of infant mortality in the United States is

A)respiratory distress.
B)cancer.
C)automobile accidents.
D)birth defects.

Question 70

According to Werner's Kauai Longitudinal Study,which of the following factors seems to protect some individuals from the harmful effects of birth complications?

A)A sense of personal control over one's life
B)Close ties to a family member
C)A high inborn level of sociability
D)All of these

Question 71

Ken and Stacy are the new parents of a very low-birth-weight baby.Due to its small size,the baby must remain in the hospital for several weeks.What advice is a doctor likely to give Ken and Stacy?

A)Visit the baby infrequently in order to lessen the shock should the baby die.
B)Visit the baby frequently,but do not touch it because the baby is too fragile.
C)Visit the baby frequently and massage the baby to stimulate development.
D)Only the father should visit the baby because the mother needs time alone to recover from the delivery.

Question 72

According to your textbook,which of the following statements about SIDS is TRUE?

A)It is generally caused by choking.
B)It is contagious.
C)It is associated with defects in the brain stem.
D)It is easily prevented.

Question 73

The ongoing longitudinal study in Kauai shows that the effects of low birth weight,birth injuries,and other birth complications can be counteracted by

A)a favorable home environment.
B)drug therapy.
C)large doses of megavitamins.
D)surgical intervention.

Question 74

Dr.Lakiavani is advising young parents on things they can do to reduce the likelihood of SIDS in their babies.Of the following,what advice is she likely to give?

A)Babies should be encouraged to sleep on their stomachs.
B)Do not give babies solid food until they are 12 months old.
C)The baby should not be fed prior to sleep.
D)Babies should be put to sleep on their backs.

Question 75

Which of the following would be beneficial for a low-birth-weight baby?

A)Being left alone except for basic care
B)Being touched and massaged
C)A simple sensory environment,to avoid overstimulation
D)A cool environment to reduce fluid loss from sweating

Question 76

Compared with a white American baby,an African-American baby is ______ to die in infancy.

A)twice as likely
B)five times as likely
C)equally likely
D)less likely

Question 77

The most pressing fear for very small babies is that they will

A)die in infancy.
B)be retarded.
C)have physical disabilities.
D)demonstrate developmental lag.

Question 78

In a longitudinal study of extremely low-birth-weight infants,those who survived tended to be

A)smaller but to have normal cognitive functions.
B)of normal size and cognitive functions.
C)smaller and more likely to have lower cognitive functions.
D)normal size and more likely to have lower cognitive functions.

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT one of the once-familiar and often fatal childhood diseases that are now largely preventable through immunization?

A)Measles
B)Cancer
C)Whooping cough
D)Polio

Question 80

An apparently normal infant who dies in his or her sleep probably suffered from

A)sudden infant death syndrome.
B)respiratory distress syndrome.
C)hyaline membrane disease.
D)Down syndrome.