Deck 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Question 1

Research suggests that the pubertal process takes about____________ in both sexes.

A)3-4 years.
B)1-2 years.
C)5-6 years.
D)7-8 years.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The principal sign of sexual maturity in males is

A)growth of the penis.
B)growth of testes.
C)ejaculation of semen.
D)the adolescent growth spurt.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The growth spurt in girls usually begins at about the age of

A)10.
B)12.
C)14.
D)16.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The following behaviors pose risks to adolescents' physical and mental well-being EXCEPT

A)drug abuse.
B)working at a part-time job.
C)accidents.
D)smoking cigarettes.

Question 5

The precise time when puberty begins seems to depend on

A)the neurological program in the brain.
B)reaching a critical weight level.
C)the age of the person.
D)the personality of the person.

Question 6

The process that leads to sexual maturity is

A)puberty.
B)puberty rites.
C)adolescence.
D)the secular trend.

Question 7

Secondary sex characteristics include which of the following?

A)Pubic hair
B)Breast growth in females
C)Broad shoulders in males
D)All of these

Question 8

Primary sex characteristics are

A)body parts directly related to reproduction.
B)pubic,facial,axillary,and body hair.
C)frequently the cause of pimples,blackheads,and acne.
D)the cause of the voice change.

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE about adolescence?

A)This developmental period is recognized in all cultures throughout the world.
B)Adolescence is a developmental transition between childhood and adulthood.
C)It begins when young people reach sexual maturity.
D)Adolescence is genetically determined.

Question 10

In the United States,entry from adolescence into adulthood occurs

A)at a set time fixed by law.
B)earlier than in previous centuries because of the "hurried child" phenomenon.
C)later than in previous centuries because of the secular trend.
D)at varying times,depending on what definition of adulthood is used.

Question 11

At about what age would you expect an average American boy to begin puberty?

A)6 to 7
B)9 to 10
C)12 to 14
D)15 to 16

Question 12

It is typical for a girl to have breast buds and pubic hair at an average age of

A)10 to 11
B)6 to 7
C)14 to15
D)16 to 18

Question 13

According to the text,adolescence is defined as

A)encompassing the years between 11 and 20.
B)puberty.
C)cognitive changes. D an apprenticeship.

Question 14

Compared to boys of the same age,girls between the ages of 11 and 13 are

A)taller.
B)smarter.
C)thinner.
D)weaker.

Question 15

The anatomical structures that differentiate males from females are the

A)primary gender structures.
B)gonads.
C)primary sex characteristics.
D)secondary sex characteristics.

Question 16

Most teenagers are more concerned about their _______________ than any other aspect of their development.

A)moral changes
B)cognitive improvement
C)appearance
D)hair

Question 17

The initial origin of the hormonal changes that cause puberty is from the _______ gland.

A)pituitary
B)adrenal
C)thyroid
D)lacrimal

Question 18

Before the 20th century,there was no concept of adolescence;children moved to adulthood either through physical maturity or when they began apprenticeships.Adolescence is

A)an arbitrary state.
B)a sign of puberty.
C)a social construction.
D)a genetically determined stage.

Question 19

At what age would you expect an average American girl to begin puberty?

A)6 to 7
B)9 to 10
C)12 to 14
D)14 to 15

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the adolescent growth spurt?

A)A growth spurt follows the achievement of sexual maturity.
B)Growth spurts usually occur earlier in boys than in girls.
C)Growth may be uneven and cause temporary gawkiness.
D)Growth is faster than growth at any other time during the life span.

Question 21

The unhealthy diets of many adolescents place them at risk for all of the following EXCEPT

A)being overweight.
B)deficiencies in iron and calcium.
C)high-fat and low-nutrient eating.
D)increased heart attacks.

Question 22

The adolescent brain is

A)a work in progress.
B)consistent since infancy.
C)not producing new brain functions.
D)fairly rigid with minimal plasticity.

Question 23

Compared to adults,adolescents process information about emotions

A)similarly.
B)differently.
C)None of these
D)Both of these,at different times

Question 24

Overweight teenagers are at heightened risk for

A)hypertension.
B)diabetes.
C)high cholesterol.
D)All of these

Question 25

The most common eating disorder is

A)anorexia.
B)obesity.
C)bulimia.
D)addiction to junk food.

Question 26

Which of the following describes the major changes that occur in the brain during adolescence?

A)Stopping of brain changes
B)Growth and pruning of gray matter
C)Growth alone
D)Growth of the gray matter

Question 27

Sleep deprivation can have what effects?

A)Reduce concentration and performance in school
B)Increase irritability
C)Impair driving
D)All of the above

Question 28

At puberty,brain changes include

A)major changes in gray matter in frontal lobes.
B)decline in gray matter in the prefrontal cortex.
C) under-activation of the amygdala.
D) no changes in brain development.

Question 29

Which of the following is TRUE about the secular trend for early onset of puberty?

A)It is probably due to better health and nutrition.
B)It does not appear to have a genetic limit.
C)It is found in nonindustrialized countries.
D)It is so called because it seems to be linked with decreased influence of religion.

Question 30

Which of the following is a cause of obesity?

A)Inadequate physical activity
B)Poor eating habits
C)Genetic predisposition
D)All of these

Question 31

Several studies have suggested that____________ is associated with early menarche.

A)parental warmth
B)harmonious family relationships
C)family conflict
D)parental involvement in child rearing

Question 32

Puberty began for Molly when she was 9 years old.Her mother began puberty at 11 years.For her grandmother,the onset was at 13 years of age.These changes in the age of the onset of puberty over time are referred to as a _____ trend.

A)cross-sectional
B)sexual
C)physiologic
D)secular

Question 33

Which person is at greatest likelihood for engaging in risky sexual behaviors?

A)Early-developing boy in an all-boys school.
B)Late-developing boy in a mixed-gender school.
C)Early-developing girl in a mixed-gender school.
D)Early-developing girl in an all-girls school.

Question 34

During the past century,the onset of puberty has been coming at an earlier age in the United States and in some other countries.This is

A)called a secular trend.
B)apparently related to a higher standard of living.
C)now leveling off.
D)All of these

Question 35

Menarche,or the first menstruation,

A)occurs at the beginning of puberty.
B)accompanies the onset of the development of public hair.
C)is a sign of sexual maturity.
D)signals a sexual disorder.

Question 36

Nocturnal emission is

A)also called a wet dream.
B)common in adolescent girls.
C)a signal of a sexual disorder.
D)found only in sexually active males.

Question 37

The term for one's first period is

A)puberty.
B)menarche.
C)adolescence.
D)spermarche.

Question 38

Physical exercise affects both physical and mental health by doing all of the following EXCEPT

A)helping build desired muscle.
B)reducing anxiety and stress.
C)decreasing time spent dealing with friends.
D)increasing feelings of confidence.

Question 39

A pattern of late bedtimes and oversleeping in the morning can contribute to

A)depression.
B)stress.
C)insomnia.
D)night terrors.

Question 40

To be in sync with their brain's natural clock,or circadian rhythms,most adolescents need to

A)go to bed late and get up late.
B)go to bed late and get up early.
C)go to bed early and get up early.
D)go to bed early and get up late.

Question 41

When adolescents die,it is usually from which of the following?

A)Cancer
B)Accidents
C)Homicide
D)Suicide

Question 42

Adolescents who have bulimia

A)may be depressed.
B)have low self-esteem.
C)are overly concerned about body image.
D)All of these

Question 43

Depression appears in adolescents as which behavior?

A)Irritability
B)Laziness
C)Loneliness
D)Ebullience

Question 44

A reason cited for the decline of teenage suicides in the United States is

A)more police officers on the streets.
B)improved education.
C)restriction of children's access to guns.
D)parental guidance has improved.

Question 45

In recent years,there has been a drop in adolescents' overall use of drugs.The exception to this is an increase in the use of

A)heroin and other opiates-both natural and synthetic.
B)ecstasy and anabolic steroids.
C)marijuana and prescription drugs.
D)methamphetamines

Question 46

The leading cause of death among U.S.teenagers,accounting for two of three deaths of 16- to 19-year-olds,is

A)homicide.
B)suicide.
C)vehicular accidents.
D)cancer.

Question 47

In recent years,the rate of smoking among adolescents has

A)risen.
B)declined.
C)stayed the same.
D)remained somewhat stable.

Question 48

What percentage of American teens are binge drinkers?

A)2 %
B)10%
C)24%
D)52%

Question 49

After completion of treatment,________ of anorexics make a full recovery.

A)100%
B)50%
C)25%
D)10%

Question 50

Adolescent girls are more likely to be depressed than adolescent boys because they experience

A)biological changes in puberty.
B)family conflict.
C)more help with emotional problems.
D)None of these

Question 51

At age 18,Terri is 25 percent underweight and has stopped menstruating.However,she is afraid of becoming fat.She is also overactive and obsessed with food.She is probably

A)anorexic.
B)bulimic.
C)schizophrenic.
D)suicidal.

Question 52

Which of these groups has the highest rate of suicide?

A)Adolescent males
B)Native American males
C)African American females
D)Depressed homosexuals

Question 53

Treatment for anorexia and bulimia may include

A)family therapy.
B)antidepressant drugs.
C)cognitive behavior therapy.
D)All of these

Question 54

An increasing trend in drug use by high school youth is the abuse of

A)nonprescription drugs.
B)inhalants.
C)methamphetamines.
D)opiates.

Question 55

All of the following are strong factors in getting adolescents to start smoking EXCEPT

A)peer pressure.
B)early experience with tobacco.
C)family influence.
D)the taste of tobacco.

Question 56

Secret gorging on food followed by vomiting,fasting,or purging with use of laxatives is characteristic of

A)anorexics.
B)bulimics.
C)obese teenagers.
D)compulsive dieters.

Question 57

The typical anorexic is

A)an underachiever in school.
B)depressed.
C)rarely thinking about food or handling it.
D)fully aware of how abnormally thin she is,but cannot help herself.

Question 58

Although most adolescents who attempt suicide do it by taking pills,the method of those who succeed is most likely to be

A)carbon monoxide.
B)an intentional car crash.
C)overdose of recreational drugs.
D)a firearm.

Question 59

Which of the following is not a risk factor in drug use in adolescents?

A)A "difficult" temperament
B)Early initiation in drug use
C)Aggression
D)Peer acceptance

Question 60

Ms.Heil is a new teacher at the Roosevelt High School.She is concerned about her students and pays close attention to their affective behavior.When assessing a student's potential for suicidal behavior,Ms.Heil should look for all of the following EXCEPT

A)antisocial behavior.
B)perpetrators and victims of violence.
C)high tolerance for frustration.
D)depression.

Question 61

Ron has internalized the moral standards of his parents and grandparents.He is concerned with being considered a good son and maintaining the social order.According to Kohlberg,Ron is in the stage of the

A)morality of conventional role conformity.
B)morality of autonomous moral principles.
C)preconventional morality.
D)authoritarian morality.

Question 62

Which of the following is the most likely to drop out of high school?

A)Asian American boy
B)White American girl
C)Latino boy
D)African American girl

Question 63

According to Piaget,adolescents are in which stage of cognitive development?

A)Sensorimotor
B)Preoperational
C)Formal operations
D)Concrete operations

Question 64

According to research described in the text,parents of high school students who earned the highest grades were likely to be

A)authoritarian.
B)authoritative.
C)permissive.
D)inconsistent.

Question 65

Most adolescents function at which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

A)Preconventional morality
B)Morality of conventional role conformity
C)Morality of autonomous moral principles
D)Authoritative morality

Question 66

With formal thought,adolescents are able to

A)social-perspective take.
B)define and discuss love,justice,and freedom.
C)speak a different language with adults and peers.
D)All of these

Question 67

Asian American students,on average,get higher grades and score higher on achievement tests than white students,because

A)they are innately smarter than white students.
B)they have no moral standard against cheating.
C)they are obsessed with achievement.
D)their parents and peers value achievement.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT true?

A)Peers affect moral reasoning of adolescents by talking about moral conflicts.
B)Parents contribute to adolescent moral development.
C)Kohlberg's system represents moral reasoning in non-Western cultures.
D)Kohlberg's theory is oriented towards values important to men rather than to women.

Question 69

Lucy solves a chemistry problem by systematically testing several hypotheses.She is at which stage of cognitive development,according to Piaget?

A)Sensorimotor
B)Preoperational
C)Formal operations
D)Concrete operations

Question 70

Which of the following statements about gender as a factor in occupational choice is true?

A)Gender-typing in occupational choice has diminished to such an extent that gender is no longer a significant influence.
B)Although gender-typing in occupational choice has declined considerably,some counselors still steer boys and girls to gender-typed careers.
C)Recent studies have found increasingly significant gender differences in mathematical and verbal abilities.
D)Fewer boys than girls take physics and computer science.

Question 71

A good high school has all of the following EXCEPT

A)an orderly,unoppressive atmosphere.
B)an active,energetic principal.
C)the latest high-tech teaching equipment.
D)teachers who take part in making decisions.

Question 72

According to Gilligan,the moral reasoning of males focuses on _______________,whereas the moral reasoning of females is concerned with ______.

A)responsibility;justice
B)justice;showing of care
C)avoiding harm;avoiding blame
D)punishments;rewards

Question 73

The most important factor that determines whether or not a student will finish high school is

A)the location of the school.
B)the student's active engagement in schooling.
C)family stability.
D)the quality of the teachers.

Question 74

The awareness and monitoring of one's own mental processes and strategies is called

A)cognition.
B)metacognition.
C)bilateral cognition.
D)processing.

Question 75

According to the text,Piaget's theory considers all of the following EXCEPT

A)gains in information-processing capacity.
B)accumulation of knowledge and expertise.
C)role of metacognition.
D)moral considerations of cognitive development.

Question 76

Carol Gilligan criticized Kohlberg's description of moral development because

A)he focuses on Western European moral values.
B)he proposes too many stages of development.
C)he focuses on cognitive development rather than on emotional development.
D)he focuses on values more important to males than females.

Question 77

As adolescents move into the stage of formal operations,they are able to make moral judgments and plan for the future.This means they are thinking

A)abstractly.
B)sophisticatedly.
C)realistically.
D)consistently.

Question 78

Which of the following is a central organizing experience in most adolescents' lives?

A)Home
B)School
C)Church
D)Family

Question 79

Information-processing researchers have identified two categories of measurable change in adolescent cognition.These categories are

A)structural and biological.
B)structural and functional.
C)functional and emotional.
D)biological and emotional.

Question 80

Factors that have been found to reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in today's youth include

A)emotional well-being.
B)academic achievement.
C)sense of connectedness.
D)All of these