Deck 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Question 1

For females,the climacteric is a

A)period of three to five years during which a woman's body undergoes hormonal changes that bring on menopause.
B)time when a woman's body speeds up production of hormones.
C)term for female orgasm.
D)term for female desire to have more excitement in her life.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The people that would be considered high risk in an assessment of bone loss during middle age are those whose activities include any of the following EXCEPT

A)smoking.
B)lifting weights.
C)alcohol use.
D)poor dietary habits.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Shondra's menstrual periods have been irregular for the last several months.Sometimes there have been only two weeks between periods,and sometimes she will experience a 50-day cycle.She also now has less bleeding than when she was younger.According to the text,those changes are due to

A)the end of menopause.
B)a decrease in estrogen levels.
C)an increase in estrogen levels.
D)a decrease in vaginal thickness.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Changes in appearance in middle age are due to all of the following EXCEPT

A)the layer of fat beneath the skin becomes thinner and skin becomes less taut.
B)less melanin causes hair to become gray and thinner.
C)shrinkage of intervertebral disks.
D)less vitamin and mineral content in diets.

Question 5

Which of the following do women experience during menopause?

A)A strong tendency toward mental illness
B)Cessation of sexual desire stemming from declining estrogen levels
C)Chronic and lasting depression
D)Hot flashes

Question 6

Stacy is reevaluating her earlier career goals,spending more time with her husband after her adult children left home,and taking stock of her life.She is most likely in

A)adolescence.
B)young adulthood.
C)middle adulthood.
D)later adulthood.

Question 7

Loss of taste sensitivity in middle age usually

A)is primarily due to the loss of smell.
B)does not begin until well into the sixties.
C)results from injury.
D)results from a decline in the sensitivity of taste buds.

Question 8

Jim must hold a newspaper at arm's length to read it.He should be checked for

A)nearsightedness.
B)glaucoma.
C)presbyopia.
D)detached retina.

Question 9

There is no consensus on specific biological or social events that mark the beginning or the end of middle age.All of the following are considered in determining this period EXCEPT

A)the biological aspect,with subjective upper limits due to improved health.
B)the context of family and whether children are grown or still at home.
C)a person's marital status.
D)arbitrary assignment based on chronological age span from 40 to 65.

Question 10

While pain's protective functions remain,in middle adulthood

A)men feel less pain.
B)women feel less pain.
C)both men and women are less able to tolerate pain.
D)pain levels increase as ability to resist it increases.

Question 11

Loss of strength after age 45 is attributed to

A)severe health problems in middle age.
B)loss of muscle fiber.
C)loss of fat.
D)injuries for which the body is unable to compensate.

Question 12

Loss of endurance during middle adulthood results from a gradual decrease in the rate of

A)physical capacity.
B)basal metabolism.
C)stress-induced stamina.
D)reaction time.

Question 13

Driving ability in middle adulthood usually

A)declines,because of physical losses.
B)is better than ever before,because of experience.
C)is no better or worse than at any other time of life.
D)declines in women but not in men.

Question 14

The baby boomers are a part of what life stage today?

A)Early adulthood
B)Middle adulthood
C)Later adulthood
D)Older adulthood

Question 15

In the United States,middle adulthood is

A)a troublesome period,marked by significant physical losses.
B)a time of stress and storm as lifestyles take a severe turn for the worse.
C)currently the age of the best educated and most affluent cohort to ever reach middle age anywhere.
D)a poorly studied period of the life span with contradictory information.

Question 16

People in middle adulthood are likely to be involved in

A)running departments.
B)children leaving home.
C)caring for aging parents.
D)All of these

Question 17

Tim has recently realized that he has difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds when he listens to his favorite music on the stereo.His condition is referred to as

A)presbyopia.
B)atonia.
C)presbycusis.
D)pertussis.

Question 18

Hearing loss in middle age is

A)greater for women than men.
B)usually sudden.
C)most noticeable in the upper frequencies.
D)most noticeable in the lower frequencies.

Question 19

Until recently,the least studied part of the life span has been

A)adolescence.
B)young adulthood.
C)middle adulthood.
D)older adulthood.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE about menopause?

A)It is the cessation of ovulation and menstruation.
B)Menopause precedes the climacteric.
C)Menopause occurs in both men and women.
D)Most individuals complete menopause by age 40.

Question 21

Common contributors to erectile dysfunction includes all EXCEPT

A)diabetes
B)heart disease
C)overuse of the penis
D)alcohol consumption.

Question 22

William is 47 years old and suffers from hypertension.What other health problem is William at risk for as a consequence of his hypertension?

A)Asthma
B)Kidney disease
C)Diabetes
D)Rheumatism

Question 23

The most common symptom of menopause is

A)increasing unhappiness.
B)hot flashes.
C)constipation.
D)loss of respect.

Question 24

In middle age,African Americans are more likely than white Americans to die of

A)strokes.
B)heart disease.
C)cancer.
D)All of these

Question 25

Treatment of menopausal symptoms include all EXCEPT

A)administration of artificial estrogen.
B)antidepressant drugs.
C)phytomedicines.
D)All of these.

Question 26

One of the most important things a person can do to increase life expectancy and improve quality of life is to

A)increase physical activity.
B)consume at least one alcoholic beverage per day.
C)have more doctor's visits.
D)limit movement to decrease falls and injuries.

Question 27

Many women may find that the sexual experiences of middle age are improved because they

A)have increased worries about late-age pregnancy.
B)find themselves with less uninterrupted time to spend with a partner and use it more efficiently.
C)have increased knowledge of their own sexual needs and desires.
D)find their male partners' longer periods of arousal tedious.

Question 28

The leading cause of death between ages 45 and 64 is

A)heart disease.
B)cancer.
C)diabetes.
D)hypertension.

Question 29

The disorder caused by a decrease of estrogen production and characterized by thinning of bones and increased risk of fracture is called

A)presbyopia.
B)presbycusis.
C)osteoporosis.
D)osteoarthritis.

Question 30

Decreased sexual activity in middle age may be due to all of the following EXCEPT

A)men's fear of erectile dysfunction.
B)thickening of women's vaginal tissue.
C)too much food or alcohol.
D)monotony in the relationship.

Question 31

Diabetes has shown ______ in the past decade.

A)a decrease
B)an increase
C)stability
D)a change in severity due to better health factors

Question 32

Recent research would suggest that if Jake is 55 years old,his health in comparison to people in their 70s and 80s is

A)poorer.
B)about the same.
C)much better ,
D)is likely to be significantly improved with much longer life expectancy.

Question 33

The inability to maintain the blood flow associated with arousal for the penis is called

A)male menopause
B)climacteric
C)erectile dysfunction
D)All of the above

Question 34

In the United States today,most women who have gone through menopause view it

A)positively.
B)negatively.
C)medically.
D)None of these

Question 35

During the early 19th century in Western cultures,the term climacteric came to mean

A)constipation.
B)period of life.
C)hot flash.
D)change of life.

Question 36

The indirect influence of a person's socioeconomic status affects all of the following EXCEPT

A)life expectancy.
B)activity limitations due to chronic illnesses.
C)higher feelings of well-being.
D)access to health care.

Question 37

Chronically high blood pressure is called

A)tension.
B)hypotension.
C)hypertension.
D)None of these

Question 38

The largest underlying factor in African Americans' health problems is poverty,which is related to all of the following EXCEPT

A)poor nutrition.
B)substandard housing.
C)genetic variables.
D)access to health care.

Question 39

Frequency of sexual activity and satisfaction with sex life tend too________ during the 40s and 50s.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)remain consistent
D)There is no clear evidence on this topic.

Question 40

A significant decrease in sexual satisfaction in middle age may be due in part to

A)lack of knowledge about how to off set the drop in vaginal lubrication.
B)self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)increased libido.
D)making sex too high a priority.

Question 41

The damage that occurs when coping abilities are inadequate to meet the demands is called

A)illness.
B)stress.
C)adrenaline loss.
D)a response fault.

Question 42

Whether or not an event causes stress may depend on

A)whether the event is seen as positive or negative.
B)the reaction it produces.
C)society's messages about the event.
D)the location of the event.

Question 43

Hormone therapy may increase the risk of __________ in postmenopausal women.

A)hot flashes
B)heart disease
C)uterine cancer
D)increased sexual drive

Question 44

Suppose that you are a physician and a 59-year-old postmenopausal woman has come to you seeking hormone therapy to reduce her risk of heart disease.Which of the following statements regarding hormone therapy and heart disease would you tell this woman?

A)Recent studies have found hormone therapy to be ineffective in reducing the risk of heart disease.
B)Hormone therapy can increase the chance of developing osteoporosis.
C)Hormone therapy does not have much effect on symptoms of menopause.
D)Hormone therapy may cause excessive weight gain in some women.

Question 45

The greatest work-related stressor is

A)self-esteem.
B)relationships.
C)control of their lives.
D)job loss.

Question 46

Women who are at less risk for breast cancer do all the following EXCEPT

A)moderately exercise.
B)eat low-fat foods.
C)have children later in life.
D)eat high fiber foods.

Question 47

Statistically,which of the following postmenopausal women would be most likely to develop osteoporosis?

A)Amy,who is black,of normal weight,and a nonsmoker
B)Betty who is white,thin,and a smoker
C)Claudia,who works out in a gym every day and loves yogurt
D)All of these

Question 48

People with positive emotional outlooks are likely to engage in more healthy practices including

A)regular sleep.
B)regular exercise.
C)optimism.
D)All of these

Question 49

Sarena has had a difficult time with both her family and the people at work and has experienced a considerable amount of stress.Her negative mood may have all of the following effects on her health EXCEPT

A)permanently impairing her immune system.
B)increasing her susceptibility to illness.
C)leading to aggressive behavior.
D)impairing her judgment about what can be done to improve her health.

Question 50

The following are recommended to reduce the risk of osteoporosis in women EXCEPT

A)engage in weight-bearing exercise.
B)avoid smoking.
C)eat foods high in calcium.
D)All of these

Question 51

The U.S. Preventive Task Force recommends that women have mammography screenings

A)every year after age 25 for all women who have not been pregnant.
B)every year after age 35 to reduce the incidence of breast cancer.
C)beginning at age 50 unless the person has high risk factors.
D)if they have a family history of breast cancer.

Question 52

Cattell and Horn called the ability to solve new and unusual problems __________ intelligence.

A)fluid
B)crystallized
C)practical
D)integrative

Question 53

Cattell and Horn called the ability to remember and use stored information __________ intelligence.

A)fluid
B)crystallized
C)practical
D)integrative

Question 54

Janet is becoming stooped as she ages and has had several broken bones.She probably suffers from

A)presbycusis.
B)presbyopia.
C)osteoarthritis.
D)osteoporosis.

Question 55

According to the text,stressful events are LESS LIKELY to lead to illness when the stressful event is

A)positive.
B)negative.
C)beyond the control of the person experiencing it.
D)can be controlled by the person experiencing it.

Question 56

Most participants in the Seattle Longitudinal Study of Adult Intelligence showed no significant reduction in most mental abilities until after the age of

A)50.
B)55.
C)60.
D)65.

Question 57

Cognitively speaking,__________ are in their prime.

A)adolescents
B)young adults
C)middle-aged adults
D)older adults

Question 58

The prediction of cognitive impairment in old age can be determined in midlife in the following ways EXCEPT

A)decline in verbal fluency.
B)decline in memory recall.
C)executive functioning.
D)decline in vocabulary.

Question 59

Hormone replacement therapy is

A)advisable for all women past menopause.
B)sometimes prescribed for women on a short-term basis.
C)useful in the treatment of cancers of the breast and uterus.
D)so closely associated with health problems that it is not advised for any woman.

Question 60

According to the text,feelings and beliefs affect our bodily functions.Which of the following is impacted?

A)Immune system
B)Neurological system
C)Physiological system
D)Cognitive system

Question 61

An important aspect of creativity in adults is

A)knowledge.
B)performance.
C)activities.
D)self-esteem.

Question 62

Cognitive development in middle adulthood is usually

A)related to learning for its own sake.
B)related to acquiring specialized knowledge.
C)easily measured by conventional psychometric tests.
D)in decline.

Question 63

Shawn is good at perceiving relationships and forming concepts.When confronted with a new problem,he can usually solve it.According to Cattell and Horn,Shawn has high __________ intelligence.

A)fluid
B)crystallized
C)practical
D)integrative

Question 64

Middle-aged people tend to be __________ practical problem solvers,able to deal with real-life problems.

A)incompetent
B)effective
C)slow
D)None of these

Question 65

A middle-age person engaging in postformal thought is able to integrate

A)logic with intuition.
B)conflicting facts and ideas.
C)new information with what is already known.
D)All of these

Question 66

All of the following factors encourage early retirement in the 40s or 50s EXCEPT

A)corporate downsizing.
B)generous pension plans.
C)pressure in the workplace.
D)Social Security benefits.

Question 67

Betty,at age 52,has signed up for a class at her local community college.If she is like most mature learners,in comparison with her younger classmates,she is likely to

A)focus more on classroom learning.
B)be more highly motivated.
C)have sharper academic skills.
D)receive more support from friends and family.

Question 68

Joe is a middle-aged auto mechanic.He is able to easily learn new repair techniques and can identify problems in cars very quickly.He is learning to use a computer for the first time at home,and his learning is very slow.According to Hoyer,Joe's ability to repair cars has become

A)postconventional.
B)hyperextended.
C)encapsulated.
D)fluid.

Question 69

Information processing and fluid abilities are captured for expert problem solving in a process called

A)communication.
B)encapsulation.
C)incorporation.
D)identification.

Question 70

Mature thinking in middle adulthood is typically characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A)acceptance of new information at face value.
B)interpreting new information according to one's own experience.
C)integrating new information with previous learning.
D)drawing personalized moral and social implications.

Question 71

Ruby can remember a great deal of information and has a large vocabulary.According to Cattell and Horn,Ruby has high __________ intelligence.

A)crystallized
B)practical
C)acquisitive
D)fluid

Question 72

According to the research on creativity,at what ages do people show the highest levels of divergent thinking?

A)Late adolescence
B)Mid-20s
C)Late 50s
D)Late 30s

Question 73

Research suggests experts notice different aspects of a situation than novices do;in particular,experts

A)assimilate and interpret new information more inefficiently.
B)refer to their highly organized storehouse of mental representations.
C)solve problems using inductive logic,which requires intense concentration and effort.
D)learn how to use computers to solve problems.

Question 74

An important feature of postformal thought is its nature to be

A)integrative.
B)intuitive.
C)interrogative.
D)informative.

Question 75

_________________ is the product of biological,personal,social,and cultural forces that emerges from the dynamic interaction among creator,domain rules,and colleagues in the field.

A)Creativity
B)Creative performance
C)Creative potential
D)Intellectual creativity

Question 76

Who is likely to show the greatest amount of creative productivity?

A)A 55-year-old novelist
B)A 45-year-old physicist
C)A 29-year-old philosopher
D)A 60-year-old poet

Question 77

Advances in __________ continue at least through middle adulthood and are relatively independent of general intelligence.

A)problem-solving ability
B)expertise or specialized knowledge
C)processing new information
D)perceptual speed

Question 78

Which of the following describes highly creative people?

A)They are self-starters.
B)They possess little sense of purpose or direction.
C)They are easily discouraged.
D)They are unable to juggle several ideas or projects at a time.

Question 79

During middle adulthood,crystallized intelligence tends to __________,and fluid intelligence tends to __________.

A)increase;decrease
B)decrease;remain the same
C)increase;increase
D)stay the same;increase

Question 80

Donna is creative.She probably is

A)highly motivated by fame and money.
B)able to focus intently on only one problem at a time.
C)not discouraged by rejection of her ideas.
D)a convergent thinker.