Deck 2: Principles of Pharmacology

Question 1

Which of the following allows for the greatest absorption of an orally administered drug?

A)Small intestine
B)Large intestine
C)Liver
D)Pancreas

Answer 1

Small intestine

Question 2

Why is the route of administration important to the "first-pass effect"?

A)The route can help determine if the drug is being taken as prescribed and therefore is overcoming the first-pass effect.
B)A drug can be significantly reduced to its inactive metabolite before first entering circulation when administered orally.
C)Drugs administered parenterally are highly subject to the first-pass effect and should therefore be dosed accordingly.
D)Bioavailability of drug can be greatly reduced when the drug is administered by a route other than orally.

Answer 2

A drug can be significantly reduced to its inactive metabolite before first entering circulation when administered orally.

Question 3

If a prescriber wanted a basic drug to not easily be eliminated from circulation,he or she could prescribe which of the following concurrently?

A)Sodium bicarbonate
B)Sodium chloride
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin B₃

Answer 3

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 4

The time it takes for a drug to reach the concentration necessary to produce a therapeutic effect is called the _____ of action.

A)duration
B)mechanism
C)onset
D)length

Question 5

_____ are drugs that are administered in an inactive form and must be metabolized to their active form.

A)Metabolites
B)Prodrugs
C)Lipophilics
D)Hydrophobics

Question 6

What could be a benefit of a nonionized drug when being eliminated?

A)The liver would not be able to release the necessary metabolizing enzymes.
B)It would be reabsorbed into circulation to prolong its effects.
C)It would be easily eliminated from circulation through the urine.
D)It would not be subject to the "first-pass effect."

Question 7

Which of the following doses has 100% bioavailability?

A)1 mL PO
B)2 mL IV
C)1 tablet PO
D)1 supp pr

Question 8

Which of the following factors will determine how quickly or slowly a drug is absorbed?

A)Ionization of the drug
B)Kidney disease
C)Half-life of the drug
D)Drug dosage form

Question 9

What could be done to increase absorption of an intramuscular injection?

A)Cry because the injection hurt.
B)Apply a cold pack.
C)Take a nap.
D)Exercise the muscle.

Question 10

Why would the warning label "Do not take with grapefruit juice" need to be added to a prescription for lovastatin?

A)The drug should be taken on an empty stomach.
B)The drug effect would be increased as a result of inhibition of necessary metabolic enzymes.
C)The drug effect would be decreased as a result of an increased release of metabolic enzymes.
D)The drug is not able to produce its effects because the juice inactivates it.

Question 11

Which of the following would be classified as pharmaceutical alternatives for Procardia (nifedipine)?

A)Procardia 10-mg capsules vs.nifedipine 10-mg capsules
B)Nifedipine 20-mg gel capsules vs.Procardia 20-mg gel capsules
C)Procardia 10-mg capsules vs.Procardia XL 30-mg tablets
D)Nifedipine XL 30-mg capsules vs.Procardia XL 30-mg capsules

Question 12

What would be the potential result of dispensing two drugs that are both weak acids and are hydrophobic?

A)Easy elimination of each drug because they are hydrophobic
B)Drug interaction
C)Easy ionization of each drug
D)Drug hypersensitivity

Question 13

What would be a benefit to a drug that is hydrophobic and nonionized?

A)The drug would cause fewer side effects.
B)The drug would easily be metabolized by the body.
C)The drug would easily be distributed throughout the body.
D)There would be no benefit.

Question 14

Duration of action is the time between the _____ of action and _____ of drug action.

A)mechanism,duration
B)onset,discontinuation
C)duration,concentration
D)onset,mechanism

Question 15

Of the following doses,which would have a longer half-life?

A)One tablet every day
B)One tablet twice daily
C)One tablet three times a day
D)One tablet four times a day

Question 16

_____ and _____ require lower doses of drug to produce therapeutic effects.

A)Infants,the elderly
B)Teenagers,the elderly
C)Children,adults
D)Infants,children

Question 17

Distribution of the drug across the cell membrane of the blood vessel and transport to its site of action is influenced by the _____ nature of the drug.

A)physical
B)mechanical
C)chemical
D)ionic

Question 18

Which of the following is not a major site of drug elimination?

A)Lungs
B)Kidney
C)Liver
D)Bowel

Question 19

The ability of a drug to diffuse across the cell membrane is dependent upon _____ of the drug and the _____ of the body fluid in which it is dissolved.

A)properties,actions
B)pH,actions
C)properties,pH
D)strength,health

Question 20

The pharmacokinetic phases control the _____ of the drug's effect and the _____ of the drug action.

A)intensity,duration
B)duration,effect
C)mechanism,safety
D)length,efficacy

Question 21

The body has to metabolize most drugs before they are eliminated.

Question 22

Using the following table,determine what the drug concentration (X)would be 40 hours after peak concentration.

A)0
B)2.08
C)3.125
D)4.17

Question 23

MATCHING
Match each of the following pregnancy categories with its proper description.
A.Category A
b.Category B
c.Category C
d.Category D
e.Category X
Fetal abnormalities reported and positive evidence of fetal risk in humans are available from animal and/or human studies.These drugs should not be used in pregnant women.

Question 24

Passive transport takes energy and requires special carrier proteins or pumps so that the drug can be carried across the cell membrane.

Question 25

Drugs that are administered subcutaneously are completely absorbed into the bloodstream if they are injected directly into the vein.

Question 26

MATCHING
Match each of the following pregnancy categories with its proper description.
A.Category A
b.Category B
c.Category C
d.Category D
e.Category X
Human studies indicate no risk to the fetus.

Question 27

MATCHING
Match each of the following pregnancy categories with its proper description.
A.Category A
b.Category B
c.Category C
d.Category D
e.Category X
Possible fetal risk in humans has been reported;however,considering potential benefit versus risk may,in selected cases,warrant the use of these drugs in pregnant women.

Question 28

Absorption is greatest when the body has a good blood supply in the area where the drug is to be absorbed.

Question 29

A drug that is highly lipophilic will have difficulty moving across a membrane.

Question 30

MATCHING
Match each of the following pregnancy categories with its proper description.
A.Category A
b.Category B
c.Category C
d.Category D
e.Category X
Adverse effects reported in animal fetus;information in humans is not available.

Question 31

MATCHING
Match each of the following pregnancy categories with its proper description.
A.Category A
b.Category B
c.Category C
d.Category D
e.Category X
Studies indicate no risk to animal fetus;information in humans is not available.