Deck 7: Kinship

Question 1

Kinship is important to the study of anthropology because:

A)It explains political rights and obligations for all industrialized societies.
B)It determines the economic system of all societies.
C)It plays the key role in determining rights and obligations in nonindustrial societies.
D)It determines the foundation of all market economies in industrialized societies.
E)It is the only social institution present in foraging and tribal societies.

Answer 1

It plays the key role in determining rights and obligations in nonindustrial societies.

Question 2

The ties on which kinship systems are based:

A)Are scientifically accurate reflections of biological ties.
B)Are culturally specified ties that rest on biological and conjugal relationships.
C)Are defined culturally and have no relationship at all to biological ties.
D)Are remembered only in societies that have developed writing.
E)Are understood only by members of a society.

Answer 2

Are culturally specified ties that rest on biological and conjugal relationships.

Question 3

In a society with matrilineal descent,the person with the most authority and responsibility for a woman and her child is her:

A)Brother.
B)Son.
C)Sister.
D)Father.
E)Husband.

Answer 3

Brother.

Question 4

All of the following correctly express the differences between a lineage and a clan except:

A)Members of a lineage can trace their common ancestors,but members of a clan cannot.
B)Members of a lineage tend to live together or near each other,whereas members of a clan tend to be spread over different local communities.
C)Members of a lineage recognize a blood tie,whereas members of a clan do not.
D)Lineages have primarily domestic and economic functions,whereas clans more frequently have political and religious functions.
E)Lineages consist of fewer members than do clans.

Question 5

A correct conclusion from the chapter regarding kinship in modern,complex societies is that kinship:

A)Has no place in these societies.
B)Is more important than other forms of belonging,such as citizenship.
C)Is more important as a basis of social relationships than in more traditional societies.
D)Plays an important but not central role in establishing rights and relationships.
E)Is more important among the lower than the upper classes.

Question 6

The Nuer are a patrilineal society in which clans and lineages function as a type of political structure.This is called:

A)A segmentary lineage system.
B)A segmentary corporate system.
C)A unilineal political system.
D)A bilateral lineage system.
E)Political usufruct rights.

Question 7

In a matrilineal society:

A)There is no concern over who the child's biological father is.
B)Women occupy the politically important positions.
C)Inheritance and succession pass from the mother's brother to her son.
D)Men are afraid of women.
E)Marriages are extremely stable.

Question 8

One of the most important functions of the clan across cultures is to:

A)Regulate marriage.
B)Manage economic affairs of the family.
C)Preserve the environment by sacred identification.
D)Determine political positions.
E)Educate young people.

Question 9

In a system of unilineal descent:

A)The grandfather is recognized as the only father.
B)Descent groups,which include relatives from both the father's and the mother's side,are formed.
C)A household is composed of a man,his wife,his sons,and their children.
D)A man is not allowed to marry his cousin.
E)An individual belongs to the descent group of either the mother or the father,but not both.

Question 10

Korean village women legally:

A)Have no right to their parents' property.
B)Have the right to a large cash settlement at marriage.
C)Cannot inherit any land if they have been given a large cash settlement at marriage.
D)Are entitled to an equal share of family property.
E)Are entitled to a share of family property equal to half that given to a male.

Question 11

In a patrilineal society:

A)Inheritance and succession flow in the male line.
B)Men marry their female cross cousins.
C)Women have no rights.
D)Children avoid their relatives on their mother's side.
E)There is no Oedipal conflict.

Question 12

In classic anthropological descriptions of Korean villages,the focus in kinship has been on:

A)Patriarchal authority.
B)Matrilineal descent.
C)Sharing of property equally by brothers.
D)Dowry.
E)Importance of the mother's brother.

Question 13

A central function of kinship in almost every society is that it provides for:

A)The basis of government.
B)The transfer of property between generations.
C)Recruitment for jobs.
D)Loans of money.
E)The division of friends from enemies.

Question 14

Corporate descent groups tend to exist in societies with:

A)Industrial economic systems.
B)Unilineal descent.
C)Kindreds.
D)High geographic mobility.
E)A complex social stratification system.

Question 15

The reality of kinship relations in a Korean village described by Soo Choi emphasizes:

A)Kinship behavior closely follows kinship rules.
B)Brothers always ally with each other against sisters.
C)Ancestor worship is an empty ritual form.
D)Individuals manipulate kinship rules to gain advantage.
E)Women are unable to exploit kinship ties to their advantage.

Question 16

In a system of double descent,as among the Yako of Nigeria:

A)Kinship is of no importance,and one can call on whichever individuals one wants for aid.
B)An individual belongs to the patrilineal group of the father and the matrilineal group of the mother.
C)Kinship is important,but there are no corporate kin groups.
D)Kinship is doubly important,because there are no other units of cooperation.
E)Each married couple makes a joint decision about whose kin they will live with.

Question 17

In general,where you find matrilineal descent groups,you also find:

A)Societies dependent on pastoralism.
B)Men do most of the housework.
C)Men go to live with their wife's family after marriage.
D)Women hold almost all of the public political roles.
E)A woman is likely to be married to more than one man.

Question 18

Which of the following is a distinction between unilineal and bilateral kinship systems?

A)Unilineal kinship systems involve tracking descent through both parents' lines.
B)In bilateral kinship systems,the kin groups do not overlap.
C)In unilineal kinship systems,the kin groups do not overlap.
D)In bilateral kinship systems,there are no cousins.
E)In unilineal kinship systems,there is no designated mother or father.

Question 19

Traditionally in Korean villages,the eldest son inherited most of his parents' property.In return,he was required to:

A)Educate his brothers and sisters at the university.
B)Worship his parents as ancestors after their death.
C)Sell the remaining property at the best price he could get.
D)Live in a lavish life style to bring prestige to his family.
E)Live in relative poverty,assuring that brothers and sisters were well cared for.

Question 20

All of the following are basic functions of kinship except:

A)It reveals who is biologically related to whom.
B)It defines the members of society on which an individual can depend for help.
C)It sets up the transfer of property from one to another generation.
D)It sets up the succession within family as social positions are transferred across generations.
E)It serves as a way of structuring society.

Question 21

Bilateral kinship systems:

A)Are found in most foraging and industrial societies.
B)Are the most common kinship systems in tribes.
C)Exist only among hunters and gatherers.
D)Are found everywhere except in the United States and Europe.
E)Are the same as double descent systems.

Question 22

The kinship system of the United States is most similar to that of:

A)The Eskimo.
B)The Yanomamo.
C)The Hawaiian.
D)The Hopi.
E)The Omaha.

Question 23

Current American immigration policies gives preference to the following family members:

A)Spouses only.
B)Children only.
C)Spouses and children.
D)Brothers and sisters.
E)Grandparents.

Question 24

A kinship system in which the establishment of rights and obligations is based on both maternal and paternal lines is called a:

A)Bilateral system.
B)Patrilineal system.
C)Clan system.
D)Lineage system.
E)Kindred system.

Question 25

Which kinship system is the matrilineal equivalent of the Omaha system?

A)Hawaiian.
B)Iroquois.
C)Eskimo.
D)Sudanese.
E)Crow.

Question 26

The Sudanese kinship system uses:

A)The same term for cousins on the mother's side and cousins on the father's side.
B)The same term for father and father's brother.
C)The same terms for brothers and sisters and cousins.
D)A different term for almost every category of relative.
E)The same term for father's brother and mother's brother.

Question 27

Transnationalism is:

A)The pattern of close ties and frequent visits between immigrants and those remaining in their home country.
B)The pattern of immigrating to a new country.
C)The pattern of splitting time equally between two countries.
D)The pattern of creating new ties in the country an immigrant has migrated to.
E)The pattern of migrating nuclear family members to a new country.

Question 28

A critical factor that makes Northern Indian kinship terminology difficult for Americans is:

A)The use of different terms for kin from the mother's side and father's side of the family.
B)The fact that all older males within one's family are called father.
C)The fact that women are only rarely allowed to use a kin name when addressing members of her own family.
D)The fact that the same individual may be called by as many as three different kin names on different occasions.
E)The fact that some people that are much younger than you,must be called father or mother.

Question 29

Consanguine refers to kin that is:

A)Related by marriage.
B)Related by remarriage.
C)Related by matrilineal lines only.
D)Related by Matrilineal lines only.
E)Related by blood.

Question 30

When a daughter marries in Minangkabau society,where does she go to live?

A)Into her family's "big" house.
B)Into her husband's family's "big" house.
C)Into a new big house that she and her husband build.
D)Into her father's mother's house.
E)The newly married couple goes to live with her cross cousins.

Question 31

In Northern India,relations on the wife's side:

A)Are accorded the same status as relations on the husband's side.
B)Are forbidden to speak with relations on the husband's side.
C)Are prohibited from having any contact with children from the marriage.
D)Are accorded lower status than relations on the husband's side.
E)Are required to joke with relations from the husband's side.

Question 32

The kinship classification systems that emphasize the importance of the unilineal kin group are:

A)The Eskimo,the Omaha,and the Hawaiian.
B)The Sudanese and the Crow.
C)The Iroquois and the Hawaiian.
D)The Crow,the Omaha,and the Iroquois.
E)The Sudanese and the Eskimo.

Question 33

The system used for classifying kin in the United States includes distinctions based on:

A)Generation,relative age,and collaterality.
B)Sex of linking relative,bifurcation,and generation.
C)Generation,consanguineal versus affinal kin,and sex of linking relative.
D)Bifurcation,relative age,and generation.
E)Consanguineal versus affinal kin,gender,and generation.

Question 34

An important kinship feature in a bilateral kinship system is:

A)Clan.
B)Matrilineage.
C)Patrilineage.
D)Phratry.
E)Kindred.

Question 35

Parallel cousins are found in the Iroquois system of kinship and are defined as:

A)Mother's sisters' children or father's brothers' children.
B)Mother's brothers' children or father's sisters' children.
C)Mother's brothers' children or father's brothers' children.
D)Mother's sisters' children or father's sisters' children.
E)Cousins that are descended from the same ancestor.

Question 36

In Minangkabau culture,rice land that belongs to a matrihouse is controlled by:

A)The senior male.
B)The senior female.
C)The first born son.
D)The first born daughter.
E)The nuclear family unit.

Question 37

What do we call immigrants who maintain close relations with their home countries?

A)Native immigrants.
B)Transnationals.
C)Transmigrants.
D)Transients.
E)Consanguineal migrants.

Question 38

All of the following are expressed in the American kinship terminology except:

A)Generation.
B)Collaterality.
C)Gender.
D)Bifurcation.
E)Affinal kinship.

Question 39

One aspect of Omaha kinship that might strike many Americans as unusual is:

A)Everyone is called by the same name.
B)A male can be called "mother."
C)Brothers are not distinguished from sisters.
D)The term "myself" can mean either the person speaking,or one of his or her brothers or sisters.
E)People in many generations may be called "mother's brother."

Question 40

In Northern India,much of the underlying logic of the kinship system is based on all of the following except:

A)Relative age.
B)Hierarchy.
C)Flexibility.
D)Patrilineality.
E)Bifurcation.

Question 41

In Nuer culture,kinship lineage is important because all who are not in some way kin are enemies.

Question 42

In patrilineal descent groups,inheritance moves from father to son.

Question 43

In North India,the kinship system uses bifurcation.

Question 44

In most human societies,inheritance and succession take place as part of the kin group.

Question 45

The term transmigrant has been coined to refer to immigrants who cut ties with their home countries.

Question 46

The great variety of systems of kinship indicates to us that kinship is not based simply on biological relations.

Question 47

Sudanese is the most descriptive kinship system.

Question 48

There are more terms for kin in American society than in North Indian society.

Question 49

In a unilineal kinship system,one is affiliated with family members on both the father's and mother's side.

Question 50

In Minangkabau culture,when a woman gets married she and her husband move into her family's "big house."

Question 51

Relatives by marriage are called consanguineal kin.

Question 52

In Minangkabau culture,once a son gets married he no longer remains a kinsmen of his original matrihouse.

Question 53

The Eskimo system singles out the biologically closest group of relations and treats more distant kin more or less equally.

Question 54

Women usually have a lower status in societies where there is a matrilineal reckoning of descent than they do in a patrilineal society.

Question 55

If a society classifies kin according to relative age,it would have different terms to designate older and younger brothers.

Question 56

Matrilineage refers to a lineage formed by descent in the male line.

Question 57

In India,social interaction with one's mother's parents is very different from that with one's father's parents.

Question 58

Kinship is a culturally defined relationship.

Question 59

Clans have more domestic and economic functions than religious functions.

Question 60

Bilateral descent is also called double descent.

Question 61

How does the individual trace descent in a system of double descent?

Question 62

Describe the relationship between a son and his father in a matrilineal society.

Question 63

What is a segmentary lineage system?

Question 64

Why do kinship systems use the metaphor of biology?

Question 65

Name three basic functions of kinship.

Question 66

Distinguish between inheritance and succession.

Question 67

What is the current kinship preference policy in the United States for immigration?

Question 68

The Yako of Nigeria practice double descent.What are the different functions of the matriclans and patriclans among them?

Question 69

How are parallel cousins different from cross cousins?

Question 70

What is the primary difference between systems of unilineal and bilateral descent?

Question 71

A group of kin who trace descent from a known common ancestor is called a __________.

Question 72

What is collateral kin? Give an example.

Question 73

Contrast a lineage with a clan.Name at least 3 differences.

Question 74

There are two fundamental ties recognized by every society.What are they?

Question 75

Which three kinship systems are found most commonly within unilineal societies?

Question 76

Name the six primary forms of kinship that anthropologist recognize today.

Question 77

Distinguish between bilateral and ambilineal descent.

Question 78

What are the two forms of nonunilineal descent?

Question 79

Name three principles of North Indian kinship that are not usually found in U.S.kinship.

Question 80

Among what types of subsistence societies would we expect to find the Eskimo kinship system practiced?