Deck 27: Physiologic Maintenance and Monitoring of the Perioperative Patient

Question 1

Which is a true statement about blood pressure (BP)measurement?

A) BP can be obtained by direct or indirect methods.
B) BP can be taken on an arm that has an IV.
C) Pressure is higher during diastole and lower in systole.
D) BP readings measure tissue perfusion.

Answer 1

A
Blood pressure is higher in systole than in diastole and is measured in millimeters of mercury;the arm used for measurements should be opposite the one used for IV fluid therapy.Measurement can be direct or indirect,and can be continuous or intermittent.

Question 2

Which is an example of an invasive monitoring device?

A) Intracardiac catheter
B) Blood pressure cuff
C) Pulse oximeter probe
D) Axillary thermometer

Answer 2

A
Invasive monitors penetrate skin or mucosa.Noninvasive monitors do not penetrate the body or a body orifice.An intracardiac monitor is an example of an invasive monitor.

Question 3

Which statement regarding pulse oximetry is false?

A) It measures arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation.
B) A reading of 90% or less is normal.
C) False high readings are found in cigarette smokers.
D) A probe should not be placed over a fingernail with polish.

Answer 3

B
The oximeter reading should remain over 95%;cigarette smokers have false high readings because carboxyhemoglobin (carbon dioxide),which closely resembles oxyhemoglobin,can be perceived by the sensor to be oxygenated.For accuracy,avoid placing the sensor over an area with fingernail polish.

Question 4

The stroke volume (SV)is measured to indicate ventricular function.

Question 5

Capnometry measures end-tidal concentration of carbon dioxide.

Question 6

What could cause a sudden change in the configuration of a pulmonary artery pressure tracing?

A) Transducer is at the right atrial level.
B) Transducer needs to be calibrated.
C) Transducer connection is secure.
D) Pressure bag is present.

Question 7

Where can a core temperature probe be placed?

A) Bladder
B) Axilla
C) Index finger tip
D) Forehead

Question 8

An EEG (electroencephalogram)measures muscular activity and messages sent from the core muscles to the brain.

Question 9

Which device provides a two-dimensional color image of the beating heart?

A) Stethoscope
B) ECG
C) Echocardiogram
D) Sphygmomanometer

Question 10

Which is a positioning consideration that must be assured when assisting a physician in placing a subclavian or jugular vein catheter?

A) Turn the patient's head towards the insertion site.
B) Flex the patient's head toward the chest.
C) Elevate the scapular area.
D) Place the patient's head in a 0 degree Trendelenburg's position.

Question 11

Cardiac output (CO)is measured to determine how many liters the right aorta pumps into the left ventricle.

Question 12

Which is the most common complication during insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter?

A) Infection
B) Cardiac dysrhythmia
C) Coughing
D) Catheter dislocation

Question 13

Which statement about CVP is true?

A) A manometer is used and positioned level to the patient's right atrium.
B) Normal readings are 8 to 12 mm Hg.
C) CVP readings can be taken using a radial artery catheter.
D) Taking a breath can create positive pressure and alter the CVP.

Question 14

Normal adult mean arterial pressure (MAP)is between 35 and 45 mm Hg.

Question 15

Central venous pressure (CVP):

A) measures left atrial blood pressure.
B) measures total body blood volume.
C) reflects the pressure in the major veins as blood returns to the heart.
D) measures cardiac output.

Question 16

When sending an arterial blood gas sample to the laboratory for analysis,never place the specimen on ice because that will cause the sample to coagulate,which will make it unusable.

Question 17

Which is a condition that may occur during a surgical procedure,resulting in an altered physiology?

A) Tissue dystrophy
B) Bleeding
C) Surgical augmentation
D) Depression

Question 18

Which is a benefit of indwelling arterial,venous,or intracardiac catheters?

A) Rapid,accurate assessment of physiologic alterations
B) Moderate yield of information with increased discomfort to the patient
C) Potential for bleeding or hemorrhage
D) Infection risk is increased with placement

Question 19

What does an electrocardiogram (ECG)show?

A) Rate of respirations including inspirations
B) Cardiac output index
C) Blood pressure
D) Waveforms reflecting electrical forces

Question 20

Core body temperature refers to the entire body temperature including the interior and body surface.

Question 21

What sign indicates the pulmonary artery catheter is in the correct location?

A) An audible beep heard on the invasive monitor screen
B) A narrow downstroke followed by a single notch on the upstroke
C) A steep upstroke followed by a dicrotic notch on the downstroke
D) A tachycardic QRS waveform (heart rate 100 bpm or greater)

Question 22

MATCHING
Match the correct pressure to the correct normal value.
a.15 to 25 mm Hg
b.6 to 12 mm Hg
c.15 to 25 mm Hg systolic,8 to 15 diastolic
d.3 to 6 mm Hg
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Question 23

MATCHING
Match the correct pressure to the correct normal value.
a.15 to 25 mm Hg
b.6 to 12 mm Hg
c.15 to 25 mm Hg systolic,8 to 15 diastolic
d.3 to 6 mm Hg
Pulmonary artery pressure

Question 24

MATCHING
Match the correct pressure to the correct normal value.
a.15 to 25 mm Hg
b.6 to 12 mm Hg
c.15 to 25 mm Hg systolic,8 to 15 diastolic
d.3 to 6 mm Hg
Right ventricular pressure

Question 25

What is the normal hourly urinary output?

A) 5 to 10 mL/hr
B) 10 to 20 mL/hr
C) 30 to 60 mL/ hr
D) Greater than 30 to 60 mL/hr

Question 26

Which is a type of data that can be obtained from pulmonary artery monitoring?

A) Urine pH
B) Pulse oximetry
C) Urine output
D) Right atrial pressure

Question 27

Which is a contraindication to proceeding with intracranial pressure (ICP)monitoring?

A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Hypertension
C) Anticoagulation therapy
D) Increased cerebral spinal fluid production

Question 28

MATCHING
Match the correct pressure to the correct normal value.
a.15 to 25 mm Hg
b.6 to 12 mm Hg
c.15 to 25 mm Hg systolic,8 to 15 diastolic
d.3 to 6 mm Hg
Right atrial pressure

Question 29

Which is a result that may occur when using the bispectral index (BIS)monitor during a surgical procedure?

A) Increased core temperature
B) Decreased pain levels
C) Reduced drug use
D) Decreased infection rate

Question 30

Which is an indication for using pulmonary artery monitoring?

A) Staph infection
B) Melanoma
C) Renal failure
D) Diabetes mellitus