Deck 3: Digestive System and Digestive Disorders

Question 1

The small intestine is a(n)_____ that makes up a(n)_____.

A)cell;tissue
B)cell;organ
C)tissue;organ
D)organ;organ system
E)organ system;GI tract

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The physical fragmentation of foods into small particles is called

A)chemical digestion.
B)excretion.
C)absorption.
D)mechanical digestion.
E)peristalsis.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which organ absorbs water and some minerals and vitamins,while also passing waste material to its lower portion?

A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)large intestine
D)liver
E)kidneys

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which organ adds acid,enzymes,and gastric juice that grind food into a semiliquid?

A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)mouth
D)esophagus
E)large intestine

Question 5

What is the process of breaking down food to its smallest units in order for the nutrients to be absorbed?

A)ingestion
B)digestion
C)absorption
D)excretion
E)consumption

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of segmentation?

A)uses circular muscles in the small intestine
B)mixes intestinal contents
C)provides net forward movement of intestinal contents
D)contractions of muscles occur in an uncoordinated fashion
E)intestinal contents are mixed with digestive fluids

Question 7

What is the process of taking food or other substances into the body via the mouth?

A)ingestion
B)digestion
C)absorption
D)excretion
E)consumption

Question 8

Which of the following is a protein molecule that catalyzes chemical digestion?

A)starch
B)enzyme
C)lipid
D)emulsifier
E)glucose

Question 9

Which of the following is a collection of cells that have a similar origin?

A)tissue
B)organ
C)organ system
D)GI tract
E)organelle

Question 10

The digestive system includes

A)organs of the GI tract.
B)salivary glands.
C)liver and gallbladder.
D)pancreas.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 11

The layers of stomach and intestinal wall closest to the intestinal lumen are called

A)villi.
B)microvilli.
C)tissue.
D)mucosa.
E)epithelial tissuE.

Question 12

What is the tubular channel extending from the mouth to the anus in which digestion and absorption occur?

A)esophagus
B)digestive system
C)abdominal canal
D)gastrointestinal tract
E)small intestine

Question 13

The inner space of the GI tract is referred to as the:

A)villi.
B)microvilli.
C)epithelial tissue.
D)mucosal.
E)lumen.

Question 14

Which organ produces enzymes to digest energy-providing nutrients?

A)liver
B)gallbladder
C)mouth
D)pancreas
E)small intestine

Question 15

Nutrients are primarily absorbed in which of the following organs?

A)large intestine
B)small intestine
C)pancreas
D)liver
E)stomach

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct representation of the body's organization from smallest entity to largest?

A)Tissues,Cells,Organs,Organ systems
B)Cells,Tissues,Organs,Organ systems
C)Organ systems,Organs,Tissues,Cells
D)Organ systems,Organs,Cells,Tissues
E)Tissues,Organs,Organ systems,Cells

Question 17

Rhythmic wavelike contractions of the smooth muscle of the GI tract are called

A)mastication.
B)propulsion.
C)digestion.
D)segmentation.
E)peristalsis.

Question 18

Which of the following organs carries food from the mouth to the stomach?

A)throat
B)trachea
C)GI tract
D)small intestine
E)esophagus

Question 19

Which organ produces bile?

A)liver
B)gallbladder
C)salivary glands
D)small intestine
E)pancreas

Question 20

Absorption occurs when

A)nutrients and other substances are removed from the lumen of the GI tract to enter the bloodstream.
B)nutrients pass from the esophagus to the stomach.
C)food or other substances are taken into the body through the mouth.
D)food is broken down to its smallest unit.
E)food stuffs or nutrients are removed from the large intestinE.

Question 21

When molecules move freely across the cell membrane down the concentration gradient,this is called

A)facilitated diffusion.
B)carrier diffusion.
C)osmosis.
D)simple diffusion.
E)active transport.

Question 22

Facilitated diffusion requires

A)a specific transport protein to help nutrients move through the cell membrane.
B)a specific transport protein and energy to help nutrients move through the cell membrane.
C)energy to help nutrients move through the cell membrane.
D)enzymes to work as catalysts that help nutrients move through the cell membrane.
E)ion channels that regulate water into and out of the cell membranE.

Question 23

A condition in which there are small pouches or pockets in the wall or lining of the colon is known as

A)inflammatory bowel disease.
B)diverticular disease.
C)hemorrhoids.
D)ulcers.
E)irritable bowel syndromE.

Question 24

Prebiotics can help prevent digestive conditions by

A)fostering the growth of good bacteriA.
B)treating ulcers.
C)helping in the absorption of fiber.
D)facilitating the transport of substances across cellular membranes.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 25

Which of the following is a general name for diseases that cause inflammation and irritation of the digestive system?

A)inflammatory bowel disease
B)diverticular disease
C)hemorrhoids
D)ulcers
E)irritable bowel syndrome

Question 26

Ulcers can be associated with

A)Helicobacter pylori infection.
B)decreased mucus production.
C)impaired removal of stomach acid.
D)irritations or perforations.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 27

Villi and microvilli produce a large surface area for the enhancement of

A)water balance and osmosis.
B)homeostasis.
C)vitamin and nutrient storage.
D)lipid breakdown.
E)digestion and absorption.

Question 28

The regurgitation of acid content from the stomach into the esophagus is called

A)diarrheA.
B)vomiting.
C)constipation.
D)gastroesophageal reflux disease.
E)acid reflux.

Question 29

A person with inflammatory bowel disease can be at risk for

A)bowel obstruction.
B)ulcers.
C)fistulas.
D)malnutrition.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 30

Which of the following structures gives the lining of the small intestine a brushlike appearance,giving it the term brush border?

A)cilia
B)mucosal cells
C)villi
D)microvilli
E)All of the abovE.

Question 31

What is the name for fingerlike projections that protrude from the absorptive mucosal cells of the small intestine into the lumen of the GI tract?

A)mucosal cells
B)brush border
C)villi
D)microvilli
E)cilia

Question 32

Live beneficial bacteria that help restore or maintain a healthy balance of good bacteria in the gut are called

A)prebiotics.
B)probiotics.
C)active cultures.
D)organic.
E)nutrients.

Question 33

Fats and some vitamins must first enter the _____ before they find their way into the blood.

A)lymphatic vessels
B)liver
C)bile ducts
D)gallbladder
E)pancreas

Question 34

The erosion of the esophageal lining can be caused by

A)diarrheA.
B)vomiting.
C)constipation.
D)gastroesophageal reflux disease.
E)hemorrhoids.

Question 35

Which of the following in NOT a characteristic of enzymes?

A)Enzymes can bind to other compounds.
B)Enzymes can break bonds between compounds.
C)Enzymes participate in reactions only once.
D)Enzymes are catalysts.
E)Enzymes create new compounds with altered chemical structures.

Question 36

Which of the following transport mechanisms moves substances against a concentration gradient?

A)facilitated diffusion
B)carrier diffusion
C)osmosis
D)simple diffusion
E)active transport

Question 37

When a person experiences abdominal pain or discomfort,along with diarrhea and/or constipation,this may be termed

A)inflammatory bowel disease.
B)diverticular disease.
C)hemorrhoids.
D)ulcers.
E)irritable bowel syndromE.

Question 38

A person suffering from celiac disease should eliminate _____ from their diet to ease symptoms.

A)glucose
B)carbohydrates
C)sodium
D)gluten
E)All of the abovE.

Question 39

The forcible ejection of stomach contents is called

A)diarrheA.
B)vomiting.
C)constipation.
D)gastroesophageal reflux disease.
E)acid reflux.

Question 40

Swollen or inflamed veins in the lower rectum are called

A)inflammatory bowel disease.
B)diverticular disease.
C)hemorrhoids.
D)ulcers.
E)irritable bowel syndromE.

Question 41

Name the accessory organs of the digestive tract.

Question 42

Why is the gallbladder considered an accessory organ in the digestive system? If a person were to have a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal),what might be a consequence of this procedure?

Question 43

Describe the four main functions of the digestive system and discuss the length of time it takes for food to travel through the entire GI tract.

Question 44

Describe the process by which an enzyme (amylase)reacts with and breaks down a substrate (starch).

Question 45

Celiac disease is highlighted throughout this chapter.What are three things that you learned about celiac disease from reading this chapter?

Question 46

Draw diagrams of the three different mechanisms that are used to transport nutrients into cells across the lumen of the GI tract.

Question 47

What is the difference between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Question 48

Describe the differences between the two mechanisms that propel food through the body.

Question 49

Describe the organization of the body from cells up to organ systems using the digestive system as an example.

Question 50

What is chyme? Trace the path of chyme from the stomach to the large intestine.Include the three main regions of the small intestine in your discussion.