Deck 11: Water-Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

A patient with a poor diet showing symptoms of diarrhea,confusion,and discoloration of the skin suggests a possible

A)thiamin deficiency.
B)niacin deficiency.
C)vitamin B₆ deficiency.
D)vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.
E)vitamin C deficiency.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Consumption of 300 mg tryptophan can result in the synthesis of

A)1 mg of niacin.
B)2 mg of niacin.
C)3 mg of niacin.
D)4 mg of niacin.
E)5 mg of niacin.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which list contains only vitamins that can have toxic effects if consumed in excess?

A)thiamin,riboflavin,vitamin C
B)vitamin B₁₂,folate,biotin
C)thiamin,riboflavin,niacin,vitamin B₆
D)niacin,vitamin B₆,vitamin C
E)biotin,vitamin B₁₂,pantothenic acid

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A patient with a poor diet shows mental disturbances,muscle weakness,and impaired cardiac function,suggesting a possible

A)thiamin deficiency.
B)niacin deficiency.
C)vitamin B₆ deficiency.
D)vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.
E)folate deficiency.

Question 5

Which list contains only vitamins that do NOT function as coenzymes in energy metabolism?

A)choline and vitamin C
B)vitamin B₆ and vitamin C
C)thiamin,riboflavin,niacin
D)niacin,vitamin B₆,folate
E)biotin,pantothenic acid,riboflavin

Question 6

Physicians will sometimes prescribe niacin in high doses to

A)help smokers quit smoking.
B)lower LDL cholesterol.
C)prevent numbness and nerve damage.
D)improve immune function.
E)prevent damage to cells due to free radicals.

Question 7

Excess of which water-soluble vitamin can cause a long-term toxic effect of liver damage?

A)thiamin
B)vitamin C
C)niacin
D)vitamin B₆
Choline

Question 8

Excess of which water-soluble vitamin can cause a long-term toxic effect of numbness due to nerve damage?

A)thiamin
B)vitamin C
C)pantothenic acid
D)vitamin B₆
E)choline

Question 9

A patient showing poor wound healing,bruising,joint pain,and bleeding gums may have a deficiency of

A)thiamin.
B)niacin.
C)vitamin B₆.
D)vitamin B₁₂.
E)vitamin C.

Question 10

Which vitamin does NOT act as a coenzyme?

A)biotin
B)pantothenic acid
C)vitamin B₆
D)vitamin C
E)choline

Question 11

Scurvy is a disease resulting from

A)thiamin deficiency due to alcoholism.
B)niacin deficiency due to low protein intake.
C)vitamin B₆ deficiency due to low consumption of organ meats.
D)riboflavin deficiency due to low dairy intake.
E)vitamin C deficiency due to low fruit and vegetable consumption.

Question 12

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome results from

A)thiamin deficiency due to alcoholism.
B)niacin deficiency due to low protein intake.
C)vitamin B₆ due to low consumption of organ meats.
D)riboflavin deficiency due to low dairy intake.
E)vitamin C due to low fruit and vegetable consumption.

Question 13

A patient's blood sample shows large immature red blood cells.This may suggest a deficiency in

A)thiamin and niacin.
B)niacin and vitamin B₆.
C)vitamin B₆ and B₁₂.
D)vitamin B₆ and folate.
E)vitamin B₁₂ and folatE.

Question 14

Which list contains only vitamins that play a role in RNA and DNA synthesis?

A)thiamin,riboflavin,niacin
B)thiamin,folate,niacin
C)vitamin B₆,vitamin B₁₂,folate
D)vitamin B₆,vitamin B₁₂,vitamin C
E)biotin,pantothenic acid,riboflavin

Question 15

Which vitamin is required for the conversion of tryptophan to niacin?

A)thiamin
B)riboflavin
C)niacin
D)vitamin B₆
E)vitamin C

Question 16

The amino acid tryptophan can be converted to

A)thiamin.
B)riboflavin.
C)niacin.
D)vitamin B₆.
E)vitamin C.

Question 17

Which list contains only vitamins that play a role in red blood cell health?

A)thiamin,riboflavin,vitamin B₁₂
B)niacin,vitamin B₆,vitamin C
C)vitamin B₆,vitamin B₁₂,folate
D)niacin,vitamin B₆,choline
E)vitamin B₆,vitamin B₁₂,biotin

Question 18

Excess of which vitamin can cause toxic effects of excess perspiration and fishy body odor?

A)thiamin
B)vitamin C
C)niacin
D)vitamin B₆
E)choline

Question 19

Which vitamin has a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)based on gastrointestinal discomfort?

A)thiamin
B)vitamin C
C)pantothenic acid
D)vitamin B₆
E)choline

Question 20

Which water-soluble vitamin has antioxidant properties?

A)thiamin
B)riboflavin
C)niacin
D)vitamin B₆
E)vitamin C

Question 21

Which foods contain the least amount of vitamin B₁₂?

A)clams and other shellfish
B)ground beef
C)milk and dairy products
D)spinach and leafy green vegetables
E)eggs and poultry

Question 22

What is the difference between fortification and enrichment?

Question 23

High levels of homocysteine are associated with an increased risk of

A)type 2 diabetes.
B)heart disease.
C)liver damage.
D)kidney disease.
E)bone loss.

Question 24

When water-soluble vitamins are consumed in excess the body prevents toxicity by

A)using vitamins for energy metabolism.
B)storing excess in adipose tissue.
C)storing excess in the liver.
D)excretion in the feces.
E)excretion in the urinE.

Question 25

The chemical name for vitamin B₁₂ is

A)homocysteine.
B)cobalamin.
C)pyridoxine.
D)methionine.
E)ascorbic acid.

Question 26

Which foods provide the richest source of folic acid?

A)eggs and dairy
B)fish and shellfish
C)fortified cereals
D)spinach and broccoli
E)citrus fruits and bell peppers

Question 27

Which list contains only vitamins whose deficiency can cause anemia?

A)vitamin B₆,vitamin B₁₂,thiamin
B)vitamin B₆,folate,retinoids,vitamin K
C)vitamin B₆,vitamin B₁₂,folate
D)biotin,vitamin B₁₂,folate
E)vitamin B₆,vitamin B₁₂,niacin

Question 28

Milk is packaged in opaque containers to prevent light from destroying

A)thiamin.
B)riboflavin.
C)niacin.
D)biotin.
E)vitamin B₆.

Question 29

Why was pellagra an epidemic in the American South in the early 1900? Why is pellagra no longer a problem today?

Question 30

Pernicious anemia is the result of

A)thiamin deficiency due to alcoholism.
B)niacin deficiency due to low protein intake.
C)vitamin B₁₂ deficiency due to failure to produce intrinsic factor.
D)choline deficiency due to failure to activate folate.
E)vitamin C deficiency due to low fruit and vegetable consumption.

Question 31

Which vitamins are required for the production of methionine from homocysteine?

A)biotin and choline
B)vitamin B₁₂ and folate
C)vitamin B₆ and riboflavin
D)thiamin and riboflavin
E)thiamin and biotin

Question 32

Which water-soluble vitamin can be stored in the body?

A)vitamin C
B)niacin
C)folate
D)vitamin B₁₂
E)vitamin B₆

Question 33

Consumption of 10 mcg of folate as cooked spinach and 10 mcg of folic acid from fortified cereal fortified results in

A)20 mcg DFE.
B)22 mcg DFE.
C)27 mcg DFE.
D)30 mcg DFE.
E)40 mcg DFE.

Question 34

Which foods provide the richest source of folate?

A)eggs and dairy
B)fish and shellfish
C)fortified cereals
D)spinach and broccoli
E)citrus fruits and bell peppers

Question 35

Which action does not preserve water-soluble vitamins in foods?

A)freezing
B)refrigerating
C)storing in air-tight containers
D)removing the peel from fruits and vegetables
E)preventing contact with water

Question 36

High-dose folic acid can mask a _____________ deficiency.

A)biotin
B)choline
C)pantothenic acid
D)vitamin B₆
E)vitamin B₁₂

Question 37

Why was beriberi an epidemic in East Asia in the late 1800? Why is beriberi no longer a problem today?

Question 38

Which vitamin is readily destroyed by exposure to heat?

A)biotin
B)riboflavin
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)vitamin C
E)vitamin B₆

Question 39

Which vitamin rarely results in a deficiency because of its presence in a wide variety of plant and animal sources?

A)biotin
B)pantothenic acid
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin B₁₂
E)vitamin B₆

Question 40

Consumption of 10 mcg of folate as cooked spinach and 10 mcg folic acid supplement A.results in

A)20 mcg DFE.
B)22 mcg DFE.
C)27 mcg DFE.
D)30 mcg DFE.
E)40 mcg DFE.

Question 41

Provide recommendations for proper preparation and storage of food to prevent excessive water-soluble vitamin losses.

Question 42

Explain the effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation on the common cold.

Question 43

Explain why folate and vitamin B₁₂ are so important to each other.

Question 44

Explain why folate recommendations are often provided as dietary folate equivalents
(DFEs)?

Question 45

Folate recommendations increase from 400 mcg to 600 mcg dietary folate equivalent (DFE)for which individuals? Explain why?

Question 46

Why are niacin recommendations often given as mg niacin equivalents?

Question 47

Name individuals who are particularly susceptible to a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency and explain why.

Question 48

Name some individuals who may require supplements of water-soluble vitamins and explain why.

Question 49

Smokers may require a higher RDA level of which water-soluble vitamin? Explain why.

Question 50

Explain why alcoholics are at higher risk of water-soluble vitamin deficiencies.