Deck 12: Dietary Supplements

Question 1

Dietary supplements may be beneficial for

A)a pregnant woman.
B)someone who is on a diet with restricted kilocalorie intake.
C)an elderly man with pneumonia.
D)a healthy college student.
E)A,B,and C only

Answer 1

E

Question 2

What is the main difference between the "Facts Panel" of a supplement and of a food?

A)The supplement label can list ingredients that do not have recommended daily values.
B)The supplement label does not need to list serving size for the product.
C)The supplement label does not need to include any percent daily values listing for those nutrients with recommendations.
D)The supplement label does not need to list any herbal ingredients that it contains.
E)The supplement label does not need to list the name and address of the manufacturer.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

An individual with lactose intolerance may benefit from taking

A)potassium and vitamin K.
B)calcium and vitamin D
C)magnesium and vitamin A
D)calcium and vitamin C.
E)sodium and vitamin E.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A large research trial using a _____ supplement was stopped early due to evidence of possible harm.

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin E
C)beta carotene
D)calcium
E)magnesium

Question 5

A potential negative outcome of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)is that

A)unsafe substances can be added to supplements and sold to consumers without being listed on labels.
B)the FDA must prove that a substance is unsafe in order to restrict its use or remove it from market.
C)once the FDA announces that a product is unsafe,they do not always have the authority to remove it from market.
D)the FDA does not approve new dietary ingredients or supplements;they are free to be marketed 75 days after the information has been submitted to the FDA.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 6

Regular use of multivitamin/mineral supplements has been shown to decrease the risk of death or chronic disease.

Question 7

A dietary supplement label must contain all of the following,except

A)identification that the product is a dietary supplement.
B)the scientific or common name of botanical ingredients.
C)a list of the product's dietary ingredients.
D)identification of any banned substances the product contains.
E)the percent daily value for those nutrients with recommendations.

Question 8

The most common dietary supplement taken by Americans is

A)calcium.
B)vitamin E
C)beta carotene.
D)multivitamin and multimineral.
E)vitamin C.

Question 9

The Dietary Supplement Health and Safety Act (DHSEA)dictates that _____is responsible for ensuring that a dietary supplement product is safe.

A)the FDA
B)the USDA
C)the EPA
D)an independent agency
E)the manufacturer of the product

Question 10

The FDA has strict guidelines for approving dietary supplements for safety before they are made available to consumers.

Question 11

Digestive enzymes are NOT categorized as a dietary supplement.

Question 12

The main difference between a health claim and a structure/function claim is that the FDA has NOT evaluated a health claim,and it HAS evaluated a structure/function claim.

Question 13

A dietary supplement may contain which of the following dietary ingredients?

A)vitamins
B)minerals
C)herbs
D)amino acids
E)All of the abovE.

Question 14

A plant or plant part valued for its health-promoting properties,flavor,and/or scent is a

A)vitamin.
B)mineral.
C)botanical.
D)enzyme.
E)amino acid.

Question 15

Most individuals who take dietary supplements have very poor diets or low nutritional status.

Question 16

Ingredients that were already in the food supply prior to October 15,1994,do not need FDA approval before being marketed.These substances are referred to as

A)United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
B)generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
C)Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND).
D)National Institutes of Health (NIH).
E)complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).

Question 17

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends that the best nutrition-based strategy for health is to

A)take a multivitamin/mineral supplement each day.
B)include a probiotic supplement with each meal.
C)ensure that your calcium supplement also contains vitamin D
D)eat a wide variety of foods.
E)supplement with iron once a month.

Question 18

Dietary supplements are a _____ dollar a year industry.

A)$10 million
B)$50 million
C)$100 million
D)$1 billion
E)$30 billion

Question 19

Dietary supplement labels may contain a _____,which describes how that product could affect the body's structure or function.

A)structure/function claim
B)cautionary statement
C)daily value
D)list of ingredients
E)health claim

Question 20

A _____ supplement is commonly recommended for elderly individuals.

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin E
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin A
E)vitamin K

Question 21

Which of the following could possibly cause a nutrient or herb/drug interaction?

A)ginkgo biloba
B)vitamin E
C)St.John's Wort
D)omega-3 fatty acids
E)All of the abovE.

Question 22

Which of the following are nutraceuticals that may be either added to,or naturally be a part of,functional foods?

A)lycopene
B)anthocyanins
C)fiber
D)probiotics
E)All of the abovE.

Question 23

Prebiotics are a type of protein.

Question 24

Which of the following would be an acceptable structure/function claim to include on a label?

A)Calcium prevents osteoporosis.
B)Calcium builds strong bones.
C)Vitamin C supports collagen production.
D)Vitamin C prevents cancer.
E)B and C only

Question 25

Which of the following are ways in which consumers can measure the quality of a supplement?

A)Look for the United States Pharmacopeial Conception (USP)seal of approval on the product label.
B)Look for the NSF international (NSF)seal of approval on the product label.
C)Look for ConsumerLab.com (CL)testing and publication.
D)Read the manufacturer's label.
E)A,B,and C only

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a food source of probiotics?

A)kefir
B)soy
C)fresh sauerkraut
D)miso
E)oranges

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a food source of prebiotics?

A)leeks
B)human breast milk
C)oats
D)cow milk
E)garlic

Question 28

Which of the following labeling terms prove that a product is safe?

A)natural
B)pure
C)quality
D)quality-assured
E)None of the abovE.

Question 29

Foods that contain nutrients or other constituents that may enhance their contribution to health and disease prevention beyond their basic nutritional content are called

A)supplements.
B)functional foods.
C)vitamins.
D)probiotics.
E)botanicals.

Question 30

Examples of functional foods include all of the following,except

A)broccoli.
B)strawberries.
C)salmon.
D)vitamin D-fortified milk.
E)butter.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a description of herbs?

A)examples include echinacea,St.John's wort,ginseng,and ginkgo
B)can have drug-like effects
C)can contain toxins
D)have a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)associated with them
E)can be dried preparations of flowers,leaves,bark,roots or seeds

Question 32

Long-term use of _____ may result in liver injury.

A)licorice root
B)black cohosh
C)senna
D)St.John's wort
E)holy basil

Question 33

Mild to moderate depression may be helped by

A)licorice root.
B)black cohosh.
C)senna.
D)St.John's wort.
E)holy basil.

Question 34

There are _____ primary herbs with _____names.

A)200;200
B)1,000;3,000
C)550;1,800
D)550;550
E)5,000;10,000

Question 35

Symptoms such as diarrhea,fatigue,nerve damage,birth defects,and nutrient interaction can all be a result of

A)ingesting very high doses of certain supplements (above the upper limit).
B)eating more than four servings of meat a day.
C)consuming more than nine servings of fruits and vegetables a day.
D)eating a high-fiber diet.
E)drinking more than five servings of milk a day.

Question 36

Which of the following disease and diet/nutrient link is NOT an approved health claim?

A)neural tube defects and folate
B)cancer and fiber-containing grain products,fruits,and vegetables
C)the common cold and vitamin C
D)hypertension and sodium
Cancer and dietary fat

Question 37

Live beneficial bacteria found in fermented foods are called

A)prebiotics.
B)probiotics.
C)phytonutrients.
D)phytochemicals.
E)supplements.

Question 38

This group represents the largest percent of new food products introduced to the market over the last decade.

A)vitamin supplements
B)herbal supplements
C)functional foods
D)mineral supplements
E)energy drinks

Question 39

What herb has a possible laxative benefit associated with it?

A)licorice root
B)black cohosh
C)senna
D)St.John's wort
E)holy basil

Question 40

Which of the following does NOT describe or exemplify a qualified health claim?

A)"FDA approved."
B)"Vitamin C may reduce the risk of gastric cancer.FDA has concluded that there is very little scientific evidence for this claim."
C)"Approved based on significant scientific agreement (SSA)about the publicly available scientific evidence."
D)"Qualifying language is included to indicate that the evidence supporting the relationship is limiteD."
E)"Green tea may reduce the risk of breast or prostate cancer.FDA has concluded that there is very little scientific evidence for this claim."

Question 41

Describe two possible risks with taking high-dose dietary supplements.

Question 42

Define what the term "natural" means on a dietary supplement label.

Question 43

Analyze and explain the research findings from the Physician's Health Study II with regard to whether moderate doses of multivitamins might prevent cancer or heart disease.What future research would you recommend?

Question 44

List three nutrients that may need to be supplemented in someone who follows a vegan diet,and explain why they may be warranted in this population.

Question 45

Discuss two differences between the current regulations of the Dietary Supplement Health and Safety Act (DHSEA)and the proposed regulations of the 2011 Food Safety Modernization Act.

Question 46

List four examples of functional foods,including the health "function" that they may provide.

Question 47

List two differences between conventional drugs and dietary supplements.

Question 48

When evaluating a dietary supplement,it is best to look for the following information on the label.

A)more than 300% of the RDA on most nutrients
B)USP seal (U.S.Pharmocopeial Convention)or NSF seal (NSF International)
C)expiration date
D)formula for your age and gender
E)B,C and D only

Question 49

Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are two species of

A)dietary supplements.
B)prebiotics.
C)amino acids.
D)probiotics.
E)digestive enzymes.

Question 50

Benefits of _____ include supporting our immune system,improving the integrity of our gut mucosa,and reducing carcinogens in our colons.

A)digestive enzymes
B)amino acids
C)prebiotics
D)probiotics
E)dietary supplements