Deck 13: Major Minerals and Water

Question 1

All of the following are controllable risk factors for osteoporosis,except

A)advanced age.
B)physical inactivity.
C)smoking.
D)excess consumption of alcohol.
E)low intake of calcium and vitamin D.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

All of the following are symptoms of potassium deficiency,except

A)fatigue.
B)skin rash.
C)abnormal heart rhythms.
D)increased calcium excretion.
E)muscle weakness.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Why might a person have a low intake of dietary calcium?

A)They do not like dairy products and avoid leafy green vegetables.
B)They use calcium supplements.
C)They prefer cheese and yogurt to milk.
D)They regularly eat canned sardines and broccoli.
They prefer non-fat milk to 2% milk.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which mineral is essential for the absorption of calcium and critical for bone strength?

A)potassium
B)phosphorus
C)sodium
D)magnesium
E)sulfur

Question 5

Why can diarrhea lead to death,especially among children?

A)It is contagious.
B)It affects hunger.
C)It causes dehydration.
D)It causes drowsiness.
E)It limits vision and hearing.

Question 6

Where do we absorb most minerals that are ingested?

A)large intestine
B)small intestine
C)kidney
D)gallbladder
E)stomach

Question 7

All of the following increase water needs,except

A)having a fever.
B)vomiting.
C)consuming a high-fat diet.
D)consuming a high-protein diet.
E)consuming a high-fiber diet.

Question 8

Sodium in U.S.diets primarily comes from

A)home cooking.
B)naturally occurring salt.
C)salt added before eating.
D)processed and restaurant foods.
E)beverages.

Question 9

Since peak bone mass occurs around age 30,what should be consumed regularly prior to that time to maximize bone mass?

A)foods with calcium
B)foods with vitamin D
C)foods with potassium
D)foods with calcium and vitamin D
E)foods with calcium and potassium

Question 10

In the body,the function of water is to

A)transport nutrients and oxygen to tissues.
B)lubricate joints.
C)protect the brain and spinal cord.
D)remove waste.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 11

Food sources of calcium include all of the following,except

A)cheese.
B)eggs.
C)milk.
D)Chinese cabbage.
E)kalE.

Question 12

Which of the following is an excellent source of potassium?

A)vanilla cake frosting
B)baked potato
C)grits
D)cream cheese
E)blueberries

Question 13

The adequate daily intake (AI)of fluids comes from

A)intake of food.
B)intake of beverages.
C)intake of beverages and water.
D)intake of food and water.
E)intake of beverages,food,and water.

Question 14

How does an increase in dietary sodium affect health?

A)It increases immune function.
B)It builds bone strength.
C)It affects appetite.
D)It releases urine.
It increases blood pressure.

Question 15

The three major minerals involved in bone maintenance are

A)calcium,potassium,and phosphorus.
B)calcium,magnesium,and phosphorus.
C)calcium,magnesium,and potassium.
D)magnesium,phosphorus,and potassium.
E)calcium,sulfur,and potassium.

Question 16

Electrolytes are used in the body for all of the following purposes,except

A)transporting nutrients.
B)contracting muscles.
C)balancing fluid in and out of cells.
D)transmitting nerve impulses.
E)maintaining cell membranes.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a good source of magnesium?

A)brown rice
B)spinach
C)almonds
D)bacon
E)cashews

Question 18

Hyponatremia is the result of

A)excessive water consumption.
B)inadequate water consumption.
C)excessive exercise.
D)inadequate potassium.
E)excessive potassium.

Question 19

Which is the most abundant mineral in the body?

A)calcium
B)iron
C)magnesium
D)sodium
E)potassium

Question 20

Which electrolytes are involved in maintaining fluid balance in the body?

A)sodium,potassium,and magnesium
B)sodium,potassium,and chloride
C)potassium,magnesium,and chloride
D)water,sodium and potassium
E)water,sodium,and chloride

Question 21

Hypokalemia is a deficiency of which mineral?

A)calcium
B)iron
C)magnesium
D)potassium
E)sulfur

Question 22

List three of the four ways water is lost from the body.

Question 23

Why does water move through cell membranes via osmosis?

A)to hydrate cells
B)to improve cell immunity
C)to equalize the concentration of solutes inside of and outside of the cell
D)to increase cell division
E)to increase urine flow

Question 24

Why must we consume major minerals?

Question 25

When more water is needed in the bloodstream,what part of the body releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A)thyroid
B)kidney
C)pituitary gland
D)tongue
E)stomach

Question 26

If a woman is trying to lose weight by taking diuretics and exercising for 90 minutes daily,what could be an immediate consequence?

A)severe dehydration
B)losing too much weight
C)developing an eating disorder
D)headaches
E)loss of period (amenorrhea)

Question 27

Why does the DASH diet support consumption of an abundance of foods with potassium?

A)Potassium increases blood pressure.
B)Potassium lowers blood pressure.
C)Potassium enhances taste.
D)Potassium lowers stress.
E)Potassium increases muscle mass.

Question 28

Which body type generally would have the highest ratio of water content to total body mass?

A)thin female
B)thin male
C)muscular female
D)muscular male
Neither body type nor gender affects the ratio of water content to total body mass.

Question 29

What is the process of continuous calcium release from the bones and the deposition of calcium back into the bones called?

Question 30

Who regulates bottled water in the United States?

A)EPA
B)FDA
C)USDA
D)CDC
E)No agency regulates bottled water.

Question 31

When a person becomes deficient in calcium,what will increase as a consequence?

A)absorption of calcium
B)bioavailability of calcium
C)remodeling of calcium
D)absorption and remodeling of calcium
E)absorption and bioavailability of calcium

Question 32

A 60-year-old man has been diagnosed with osteopenia.Which of the following is most likely to have caused this?

A)age
B)gender
C)age,inactivity,and inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D
D)inactivity and gender
E)inactivity and inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D

Question 33

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning dehydration?

A)Dehydration is a water deficiency in the body.
B)Concentrated urine is an indicator of dehydration.
C)Dehydration is an issue in developing countries where safe drinking water is scarce.
D)Dehydration can be a result of excess vomiting and/or diarrhea.
E)All of the abovE.

Question 34

When we increase fluid consumption,excess water is

A)stored in the kidneys.
B)stored in the stomach.
C)excreted through feces.
D)excreted through urine.
E)excreted through sweat.

Question 35

Which ethnic group has a lower recommended intake of sodium in the diet?

A)Native Americans
B)African Americans
C)Asian Americans
D)Caucasians
E)Latinos

Question 36

The DASH diet is designed to ______ and includes many foods that are high in ______.

A)lower blood pressure;sodium
B)lose weight;calcium
C)lower blood pressure;potassium
D)boost immunity;magnesium
E)lose weight;potassium

Question 37

Why might tap water affect mineral intake?

Question 38

How much of our body is made up of water?

A)20% to 30%
B)30% to 40%
C)60% to 70%
D)80% to 90%
E)more than 90%

Question 39

Which type of bread would have the most minerals?

A)bread made from whole grains
B)bread made from enriched flour
C)bread made from white flour
D)bread made from corn
E)bread made from multigrain flour

Question 40

Which of the following statements about minerals is FALSE?

A)They can be destroyed by cooking.
B)It is possible to consume toxic amounts.
C)They are inorganiC.
D)They cannot be broken down by digestion.
E)They make up 4% of our body weight.

Question 41

Why might sports drinks such as Gatorade be a better choice than water for endurance athletes exercising outside in hot weather?

Question 42

Why do high-fiber diets increase the need for water consumption?

Question 43

Since water cannot be compressed,where is it found that makes it a critical component of pregnancy?

Question 44

Which two major minerals are listed on the Nutrition Facts Panel?

Question 45

Describe at least three factors that affect mineral bioavailability.

Question 46

Identify five risk factors for osteoporosis and three things that can be done to prevent it.

Question 47

Why is water an essential nutrient?

Question 48

Vegans would be more likely to have deficiencies of which major mineral?

Question 49

Why might a dietitian recommend calcium supplements to a long-distance runner?

Question 50

What is the process by which water passes through a selectively permeable membrane,from a less-concentrated solution to a more concentrated one?

Question 51

More than 50% of the U.S.population is at high risk for hypertension.What is the recommended sodium level for this group? Name three of the four types of people included in this high-risk group.What diet do the experts recommend for them?