Deck 2: Cognitive Neuroscience

Question 1

Which of the following would involve activity in the amygdala?

A)Wilma sees a cute cat.
B)Wilma remembers her wedding day.
C)Wilma gets angry at a dog after it ate her purse.
D)Wilma leans over to pet a large dog.

Answer 1

Wilma gets angry at a dog after it ate her purse.

Question 2

The __________ and __________ play a role in anger,aggression,and fear.

A)amygdala;hippocampus
B)septum;amygdala
C)hippocampus;septum
D)primary motor cortex;septum

Answer 2

septum;amygdala

Question 3

Although the midbrain is not as important in mammals as in nonmammals,it is significant in that it houses the reticular activating system,which is essential in regulating

A)consciousness,heartbeat,and breathing.
B)bodily coordination,balance,and muscle tone.
C)breathing,swallowing,and digestion.
D)the signals passing from one part of the brain to another.

Answer 3

consciousness,heartbeat,and breathing.

Question 4

All of the following are central interconnected cerebral structures of the limbic system except the

A)primary motor cortex.
B)septum.
C)amygdala.
D)hippocampus.

Question 5

This particular part of the brain is responsible for regulating behavior that is important for the survival of the organism (e.g. ,fighting,feeding,fleeing,and mating)and "regulating emotions and reactions to stress."

A)hypothalamus
B)thalamus
C)pons
D)limbic system

Question 6

Damage to the hippocampus can result in "loss of memory function" in which old information is still able to be recalled,but the individual is unable to form new memories.This is known as

A)Benzine syndrome.
B)apraxia.
C)aphasia.
D)Korsakoff's syndrome.

Question 7

Which of the following comprise the forebrain?

A)corpus callosum,cerebellum,and cerebral cortex
B)hippocampus,medulla,pons,and thalamus
C)cerebral cortex,basil ganglia,the limbic system,thalamus,and hypothalamus
D)amygdala,reticular activating system,and corpus callosum

Question 8

The __________,located in the hindbrain,is responsible for controlling the heartbeat,and to some extent,breathing,swallowing,and digestion.

A)pons
B)cerebellum
C)cerebral cortex
D)medulla oblongata

Question 9

Which of the following would most likely involve the use of the septum?

A)Mike is scared by a man pointing a knife at him.
B)Mike remembered a man that had pointed a knife at him.
C)Mike sees a man who is pointing a knife at him.
D)Mike sees a photo of a man pointing a knife at a woman.

Question 10

The __________ is responsible for the formation of new memories.

A)thalamus
B)hippocampus
C)hypothalamus
D)aphasia

Question 11

Dysfunction of the basal ganglia is known to cause

A)visual agnosia.
B)semantic memory loss.
C)fear.
D)motor deficits.

Question 12

This particular part of the hindbrain "contains neural fibers that pass signals from one part of the brain to another" and thus serves as a relay station.

A)medulla oblongata
B)pons
C)cerebellum
D)limbic system

Question 13

This area of the brain is known to sort information and send it to appropriate areas in the cerebral cortex.

A)hippocampus.
B)basil ganglia.
C)amygdala.
D)thalamus.

Question 14

Jennifer has damage to a certain area of her brain.She can remember people and events from long ago,but she cannot remember where she ate lunch today.Judging by her symptoms,Jennifer probably has damage to the

A)hypothalamus.
B)hippocampus.
C)thalamus.
D)corpus callosum.

Question 15

Physicians make a determination of brain death based on the degree of function of the

A)midbrain.
B)brain stem.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)cerebellum.

Question 16

When the area of the forebrain known as the amygdala is stimulated,what reactions are likely to result?

A)palpitations,fearful hallucinations,frightening flashbacks in memory
B)dizziness,headache,loss of consciousness
C)insomnia,inability to concentrate,restlessness
D)intense concentration

Question 17

The limbic system is responsible for

A)memory retrieval.
B)relaying sensory information.
C)emotion,motivation,and learning.
D)motor information.

Question 18

Which of the following processes would most likely involve the limbic system?

A)Bill stretches his arms high into the air.
B)Bill feels very nervous about the upcoming exam.
C)Bill solves a physics problem.
D)Bill feels an acute pain in his wrist.

Question 19

The basal ganglia of the forebrain are crucial to

A)motor function.
B)hearing.
C)sleeping and waking.
D)regulating behavior necessary for species survival.

Question 20

Disruption in the hippocampus does not seem to result in deficits of what kind of memory?

A)declarative memory
B)short-term memory
C)procedural memory
D)long-term memory

Question 21

Sonia lays in a hospital bed unable to wakeup.Scans of her brain show damage to the ___ which is important for regulating overall level of consciousness/arousal.

A)corpus callosum
B)white matter
C)reticular activating system
D)medulla oblongata

Question 22

Which abilities have been found to be localized on the right side of the brain for most split-brain patients?

A)the ability to follow conversations or stories
B)language functions
C)skilled movement
D)finding patterns

Question 23

The convolutions of the cerebral cortex comprise __________,which are small grooves;__________,which are raised areas or bulges;and __________,which are large grooves.

A)sulci;fissures;gyri
B)fissures;sulci;gyri
C)gyri;fissures;sulci
D)sulci;gyri;fissures

Question 24

There are two radio stations,one receiving signals from the western hemisphere and one receiving signals from the eastern hemisphere.A cable connects the two stations so that signals sent out from one half of the world can be transmitted to the other half.This cable is analogous to the brain's

A)corpus callosum.
B)cerebral cortex.
C)white matter.
D)medulla oblongata.

Question 25

The two halves of the brain,which rely on the corpus callosum for communication,are called

A)cerebral hemispheres.
B)lobes.
C)contralateral.
D)split brain.

Question 26

Split-brain patients sometimes have difficulty reconciling information that is __________ (largely localized in the left hemisphere)with information that is __________ (generally localized in the right hemisphere).

A)verbal;spatial
B)spatial;verbal
C)visual;auditory
D)tactile;olfactory

Question 27

Most motor information transmission is

A)parietal.
B)contralateral.
C)ipsilateral.
D)occipital.

Question 28

The cerebral cortex is often referred to as __________,whereas the nerve fibers of the brain's interior are often called __________.

A)contralateral;ipsilateral
B)gray matter;white matter
C)ipsilateral;contralateral
D)white matter;gray matter

Question 29

What percentage of the population has language functions predominantly localized in the left hemisphere of the brain?

A)100
B)90
C)50
D)20

Question 30

The approach to studying the brain in order to understand what specific part of the brain controls what specific skills or behaviors is called _____.

A)synthesis
B)localization of function
C)ecological validity
D)lobotomy

Question 31

A code blue has just been announced in a hospital.A patient has stopped breathing.Doctors and medics are rushed to the scene and quickly determine that brain death has not yet occurred.How did the medics know whether the patient was brain dead or not?

A)They found that there was still activity in the frontal lobe of the patient's brain.
B)Once breathing stops,brain death occurs.
C)They found that there was still activity in the brain stem.
D)They found that the pons was still active.

Question 32

__________ refers to transmission of information to the opposite side,whereas __________ refers to transmission to the same side.

A)Contralateral;ipsilateral
B)Occipital;frontal
C)Ipsilateral;contralateral
D)Parietal;temporal

Question 33

The corpus callosum serves to

A)make certain contralateral transmissions ipsilateral.
B)regulate the transmission of information along the cerebral cortex.
C)allow transmission of information between the left and right hemispheres.
D)transmit information from the left and right hemispheres to the spinal cord.

Question 34

This part of the hindbrain is responsible for "coordination,balance,and muscle tone," and also includes memory related to procedural movements.

A)hypothalamus
B)amygdala
C)septum
D)cerebellum

Question 35

Paul Broca believed that

A)localization of function does not exist.
B)the left hemisphere of the brain is critical to normal speech function.
C)the right hemisphere of the brain is critical to normal speech function.
D)neither hemisphere of the brain is critical to normal speech function.

Question 36

Karl Lashley concluded that localization of specific memories

A)can be demonstrated through the use of a large variety of techniques.
B)can be demonstrated only by using incision.
C)can be demonstrated only by using ablation.
D)cannot be demonstrated.

Question 37

How would someone determine whether there was a possibility of a problem in the function of a patient's medulla oblongata?

A)The patient might be experiencing both short-term and long-term memory loss.
B)The patient might not be able to sense pain or pressure.
C)The patient might display irregular aggression patterns.
D)The patient might experience heartbeat irregularity and possible breathing problems.

Question 38

Marc Dax noticed a relationship between the loss of speech and the side of the brain in which damage had occurred in patients suffering from

A)prosopagnosia.
B)aphasia.
C)ablation.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 39

The cerebral cortex is

A)the main lobe of the forebrain.
B)the bridge between the left and the right hemispheres of the brain.
C)a one- to three-millimeter-thick layer that covers the surface of the brain.
D)a layer,covering the surface of the brain,that comprises about 60% of the brain.

Question 40

This particular part of the left hemisphere of the brain appears to contribute to language comprehension.

A)Dax's area
B)Wernicke's area
C)Lashley's area
D)Boca's area

Question 41

The main functions of the temporal and occipital lobes,respectively,are

A)visual processing and auditory processing.
B)execution of movement and sensing texture.
C)auditory processing and visual processing.
D)somatosensory processing and visual processing.

Question 42

Adrian has Alzheimer's and has a difficult time with his memory.The doctors say that his memory difficulties in part are due to the low levels of ____.

A)acetylcholine
B)dopamine
C)dratonin
D)serotonin

Question 43

Mary wakes up in the middle of the night to hear a loud thump coming from the stairway.She then hears creaking and a voice whispering.Her __________ lobe makes it possible for her to hear that there are burglars in her house.

A)occipital
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)frontal

Question 44

Identify the three types of chemical substance that are involved in neurotransmission:

A)monoamine neurotransmitters,amino-acid neurotransmitters,neurobinders.
B)monoamine neurotransmitters,amino-acid neurotransmitters,neuropeptides.
C)amino-acid neurotransmitters,neurobinders,cerebropeptides.
D)monoamine neurotransmitters,neuropeptides,neurobinders.

Question 45

Joe is walking around a room completely in the dark.He cannot see anything.When he feels the doorknob with his hand,he pulls the door open.What location in the brain most directly enabled him to accomplish what he attempted?

A)the temporal lobe
B)the occipital lobe
C)the parietal lobe
D)the cerebral fissures

Question 46

Signals between neurons occur when these chemical messengers transmit information from one neuron to the next across the synaptic gap.

A)synapse
B)hormones
C)neurotransmitters
D)neurobinders

Question 47

This particular way of looking at the brain divides up the cerebral hemisphere into four parts called

A)lobes.
B)hemispheric specialization.
C)in vivo technique.
D)split brain.

Question 48

The junction between terminal buttons of one neuron with the dendrites of other neurons.

A)synapse
B)terminal button
C)nodes of ranvier
D)synaptic terminal

Question 49

Which of the following would most involve the use of the frontal lobe?

A)Tia sees her finger in a nutcracker.
B)Tia feels incredible pain when she gets her finger caught in a nutcracker.
C)Tia hears a nutcracker closing.
D)Tia considers how to use an oddly designed nutcracker to crack a nut.

Question 50

This part of the brain,located in the frontal lobe,is important for controlling movement.It is responsible for planning and executing movement especially for movements including a delayed response.

A)primary visual cortex
B)the cerebral fissures
C)primary auditory cortex
D)primary motor cortex

Question 51

Juan suffers from a disorder of skilled movements,which is known as

A)dyslexia.
B)aphasia.
C)apraxia.
D)agnosia.

Question 52

Although the brain makes up only one fortieth of the total weight of the adult human body,it uses __________ of the circulating blood,available oxygen,and available glucose.

A)one-thirtieth
B)one-twentieth
C)one-tenth
D)one-fifth

Question 53

The parietal lobe contains the ______,which is the part of the brain that the various senses provide information to concerning "pressure,texture,temperature,and pain."

A)association areas
B)primary motor cortex
C)primary somatosensory cortex
D)primary visual cortex

Question 54

When viewing a picture that is half one person's face and half another person's face,a split brain patient would

A)ask why you are showing her half of two different faces.
B)say the image portrays the whole face of whomever is depicted on the right side.
C)point to the image of the whole face of whomever is depicted on the right side.
D)simply be unable to answer.

Question 55

The frontal lobe is responsible for

A)sensing pain and pressure.
B)visual processing.
C)auditory processing.
D)higher thought processes and motor processing.

Question 56

These cells in the brain transmit electrical signals from one location to another in the nervous system.

A)amygdala
B)dopamine receptor
C)metabolic
D)neuron

Question 57

The parietal lobe is primarily responsible for

A)planning and execution of movement.
B)somatosensory processing.
C)auditory processing.
D)visual processing.

Question 58

At the end of the branches of an axon are the ____,which look like small knobs.

A)terminal buttons
B)synapse
C)nodes of ranvier
D)synaptic terminal

Question 59

This research is well known for his work with split-brain patients.

A)Lashley
B)Broca
C)Gazzaniga
D)All of the above have worked with split-brain patients.

Question 60

Tom puts his hand on a warm stove burner and senses the heat coming from the stove.The message of warmth travels from his hand to which lobe of the brain?

A)occipital
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)frontal

Question 61

These techniques take advantage of the brain's consumption of glucose or oxygen and specifically look for which part of the brain is most active "during more generalized processing." The active part of the brain would require more resources than inactive areas.

A)Glucose Metabolism Tomography (GMT)
B)Metabolic Imaging
C)Electrical Recording Technique (ERT)
D)Static Imaging Techniques

Question 62

This particular neurotransmitter is important for regulating impulsivity and is associated with eating behavior,and aggressive behavior.

A)acetylcholine
B)dopamine
C)GABA
D)serotonin

Question 63

Derrick has a number of electrodes attached to his head.He is probably about to participate in a study involving use of

A)fMRI.
B)ERPs.
C)PET.
D)CT scan.

Question 64

Which of the following is not an in vivo technique for viewing the structures and functions of the brain?

A)Recording the electrical activity of the brain
B)Still-imaging of the brain (e.g. ,CT scan,MRI scan)
C)Examining how radioactive material is transported and used in the brain
D)Dissecting the brain to locate possible lesions

Question 65

This type of disorder is caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain and often contributes to noticeable loss in cognitive functioning.

A)vascular disorder
B)aphasic stroke
C)dratonin
D)neoplasms

Question 66

Activity of the brain is study outside of the head by this particular technique in which the magnetic fields emitted by changes in brain activity is picked up.

A)transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
B)functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
C)electroencephalograms (EEGs)
D)magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Question 67

This technique of studying the living brain is based on examining the recording of the electrical frequencies and intensities of the brain over time.

A)Electrical Recording Technique (ERT)
B)Lobotomy
C)Electroencephalograms (EEGs)
D)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 68

This static imaging technique uses a strong magnetic field to analyze "magnetic changes in the energy of the orbits of nuclear particles in the molecules of the body."

A)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
B)Brain Structure Enhancement (BSE)
C)Electrical Recording Technique (ERT)
D)Magnetic Recognition Enhancement (MRE)

Question 69

Many soldiers are returning from the war with closed-head injuries.What has occurred?

A)Skull damage occurred and harmed a portion of the brain.
B)No skull damage occurred,but soldiers were harmed psychologically.
C)No skull damage occurred but there is damage to the brain.
D)The damage has occurred over time.

Question 70

This type of stroke is due to a blood vessel in the brain suddenly breaking and filling the surrounding tissue with blood which contributes to cells dying.

A)ischemic stroke
B)neoplasms
C)hemorrhagic stroke
D)aphasic stroke

Question 71

This technique has been used for centuries in which researchers document the behaviors of individuals thought to have brain damage and then after the person dies,they examine the brain for lesions.

A)postmortem studies
B)in vivo techniques
C)ipsilateral transmission
D)brain damage analysis (BDA)

Question 72

This type of stroke is due to a fatty tissue that has built up over years and then breaks free and then becomes lodged in an artery in the brain.

A)neoplasms
B)hemorrhagic stroke
C)aphasic stroke
D)ischemic stroke

Question 73

This particular type of metabolic imaging technique uses a radioactive form of glucose "that emits positrons as it is metabolized" to look at the physiological functioning of the brain "in action." It monitors increase in blood flow to particular parts of the brain.

A)Electroencephalograms (EEGs)
B)Glucose Metabolism Tomography (GMT)
C)Positron emission tomography (PET)
D)ERPs

Question 74

These techniques for studying the brain obtain a still image that can help with "revealing the structures of the brain."

A)Electrical Recording Techniques (ERT)
B)Brain Structure Enhancements (BSE)
C)Static Imaging Techniques
D)Magnetic Recognition Enhancements (MRE)

Question 75

Cognitive function can be affected by brain tumors which can occur in either the gray or white matter of the brain.Another name for a brain tumor is

A)septum.
B)neoplasm.
C)pons.
D)apraxia.

Question 76

This particular neurotransmitter is associated with attention,reward and reinforcement,learning,and motivational processes.

A)acetylcholine
B)dopamine
C)GABA
D)serotonin

Question 77

Tan,a patient of Broca's who had severe speech problems,was capable of uttering only one syllable "Tan" (hence the name).After Tan's death,examination of his brain revealed a number of lesions in the frontal lobe.It was ascertained from this that parts of the frontal lobe are important for speech production.Gathering knowledge from someone about brain function after death with known difficulties would be an example of

A)Broca's technique.
B)Brain Capacity Functional Analysis.
C)in vivo techniques.
D)postmortem studies.

Question 78

Kent has been living on the street and using heroin for at least 5 years.It is likely he has

A)acute toxicity
B)chronic toxicity
C)few neurotransmitters
D)an overactive amygdala

Question 79

This particular neuroimaging technique is able to look at changes in the brain over time by looking at increases in oxygen consumption to produce an image of the brain.

A)Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
B)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
C)Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
D)ERPs

Question 80

This particular technique for studying the brain temporarily disrupts normal activity of the brain in a very small area.This is done by placing a coil on the person's head and passing a current through it.

A)electroencephalograms (EEGs)
B)transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
C)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
D)magnetoencephalography (MEG)